Galu wouluka - Nyama yodabwitsa kwambiri, msonkhano womwe, makamaka usiku, umasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi. Moyo wake wokutidwa ndi nthano zambiri. Mileme imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dziko lakunja, m'miyambo yambiri imakhala ndi mbiri yakuda, yoyipa. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi mileme.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Galu Wouluka
Mleme wa zipatso zausiku kapena agalu owuluka ndi nyama zomwe zili m'gulu la mileme yazipatso ndi mtundu wa Mleme. Zakale zakale kwambiri za mileme zidapezeka ku United States ndipo zidayamba kale ku Eocene, pafupifupi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Zakale zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Miocene zikuwonetseratu kuti panthawiyi mileme idasintha kwambiri kusintha kosasintha kwa chilengedwe, ndiye kuti mitundu ya radiation. Zolemba zakale, mtunduwu ndiwosowa kwambiri.
Kanema: Galu Wouluka
Pali mitundu 9 ya agalu owuluka, omwe adagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Galu Wouluka ku Aigupto - wotchuka kwambiri, amakhala m'midzi ndikudya zipatso;
- zomangirizidwa ndi unyolo;
- galu wachipatala;
- mileme yamphanga - okhawo amatha kutulutsa ma sign osavuta akupanga;
- Galu wouluka waku Comorian;
- holospinal;
- Uganda;
- Madagascar - amapezeka ku Madagascar kokha;
- alireza.
Chosangalatsa: Zimadziwika kuti mitundu yamphanga imatha kukhala yonyamula ma virus owopsa, monga Ebola. Nthawi yomweyo, mileme yazipatso ku Egypt nthawi zina imasungidwa ngati ziweto chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola. Ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa ndipo alibe fungo losasangalatsa la agalu ambiri akuuluka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe galu wouluka amawonekera
Zilimba za zolengedwa izi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe kapena galu, ndipo kapangidwe ka bokosi la chigaza lili pafupi ndi kapangidwe ka chigaza cha anyani apansi. Kukula kwa thupi la galu wouluka kumadalira mitunduyo. Kutalika kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 5 mpaka 40 cm, ndi kulemera kwake kuchokera magalamu 20 mpaka 900. Mapiko a anthu akuluakulu makamaka amafika 170 cm.
Mtundu wa mileme yazipatso usiku nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira, nthawi zina mumatha kupeza anthu okhala ndi mapiko achikasu kapena obiriwira, ngakhale okhala ndi malo oyera. Amuna ndi owala kwambiri, ndipo akazi ndi ochepa kukula kwake komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri.
Agalu othamanga ali ndi malingaliro abwino a kununkhiza komanso masomphenya. Mano awo amasinthidwa ndikungobzala zakudya. Lilime la nyama zoyamwitsazi limakutidwa ndi timphamba ting'onoting'ono; m'mitundu ina limakhala ndi kutalika kosiririka. Ziweto za ziwetozi zimakhazikika kwambiri ndi khadabo lalitali, mawonekedwe amkati mwa mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe sakhala otukuka.
Ambiri mwa mileme y zipatso usiku ilibe mchira, ndi mitundu ingapo yokha yomwe ili nayo, koma yaying'ono kwambiri. Pali mtundu umodzi wokha wokhala ndi mchira wapamwamba - mileme yazipatso zazitali. Kutalika kwa m'matumbo agalu oyenda ndikotalika pafupifupi 4 kuposa kutalika kwa matupi awo. Zilombozi zimatha kupanga mawu osazolowereka, omwe, mwachitsanzo, amatha kufanana ndi kuwotcha kwa koloko.
Chosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi mileme, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa mileme y zipatso yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito echolocation poyang'ana mumlengalenga.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe galu wouluka amawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone komwe Kalong amakhala.
Kodi galu wouluka amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Galu wouluka mwachilengedwe
Mileme yonse ya gululi imangokhala zigawo zokhala ndi nyengo yotentha:
- Kumadzulo ndi South Africa;
- Australia yense;
- South Asia, Oceania, India.
Mleme wa zipatso usiku umapezeka wambiri ku Maldives, kumwera kwa Japan, Syria, ndi kumwera kwa Iran. M mileme yamadzulo yopatsa zipatso sikukhala konse ku Russia. Agalu othamanga amasankha nkhalango, mapanga, nyumba zosiyanasiyana zosiyidwa kapena manda, ndi malo ena achilengedwe oti azikhalamo. Ku Egypt, nyamazi zimapezeka m'mapiramidi, ma labyrinths ndi magawo omwe adawapangitsa kukhala malo odalirika kwambiri kwa adani, nyengo yoipa, ndi mphepo.
Mileme nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi minda ndi minda. M'madera ena, zolengedwa izi zatha, popeza alimi akuwawononga ambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti agalu akuuluka amawononga mitengo yonse yazipatso akamadya zipatso zake zosapsa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Galu wamkulu wouluka, Kalong, amakhala ku Africa, kukula kwa akulu nthawi zina kumadutsa masentimita 40 ndi mkono wakutsogolo pafupifupi masentimita 22. Nyama ya nyama iyi imadyedwa ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopatsa thanzi komanso yokoma. Anthu am'deralo amagwira ma Kalongs ambiri ndikugulitsa m'misika komwe amafunikira.
Kodi galu wouluka amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Galu Wouluka waku Egypt
Agalu owuluka amadyera makamaka zipatso ndipo makamaka osapsa. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mbewa za zipatso. Mitundu ina sinyoza tizilombo. Nyama izi zimapeza chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito kuona bwino komanso kununkhiza. Nthawi zonse amadya osasintha, kutanthauza kuti, amamatira mozungulira nthambi ya mtengo.
Mileme Zipatso amatha kunyamula mwachindunji ntchentche. Nthawi zina amadya zamkati zonse, ena amangomwa madzi okhaokha. Kukula kwachinyamata kumakonda timadzi tokoma ngati chakudya, kumayamwa mungu wa zomera. Kuphatikiza pa zipatso, nyama zamamphuno zimadya tizilombo. Agalu oyendetsa ndege amafunikira madzi ambiri patsiku. Amatha kumwa madzi amchere amchere kuti abwezeretse mchere wawo wamadzi. Pofunafuna chakudya kapena posungira, amatha kuyenda mpaka makilomita 100 pandege imodzi, amasuntha usiku.
Galu wouluka waku Aigupto amasintha mosavuta kukhala m'ndende. Nyamazo zimafuna mpata waukulu momwe zimafunikira kuti ziuluke. Monga lamulo, kulibe vuto ndi zakudya, chifukwa pafupifupi zipatso zonse zam'madera otentha, ngakhale zosapsa kwathunthu, ndizabwino ngati chakudya. Kupeza madzi momasuka nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kwambiri, apo ayi nyama izi zitha kufa mwachangu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.
Chosangalatsa: A Scots akadali ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti mileme ya usiku ikanyamuka, nthawi ya mfiti imadza. Ku England, kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza kwa nyama zodabwitsazi pafupi ndi nyumbayi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi koyambitsa imfa yapafupi ya m'modzi wabanja.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Galu wopondereza
Monga zikuwonekera kale kuchokera ku dzina la mitunduyo - mileme yazipatso usiku, nyama izi zimagwira ntchito usiku. Masana, amapachikika mozondoka pamitengo ndikuwoneka ngati chipatso chachilendo kapena gulu la masamba owuma. Agalu othamanga amagona m'magulu a anthu 100 kapena kupitilira apo. Masana, amathanso kubisala m'mapanga, m'maenje kapena m'zipinda zanyumba, m'ming'alu yamiyala. Nthawi zina agalu owuluka amakhala otakataka ngakhale masana. Hibernation sizochitika kwa iwo.
Mileme ndizinyama. Amasonkhana m'magulu a nyama zazikulu chikwi chimodzi. Munthu aliyense ndi membala wa banja lalikulu la agalu owuluka. Onse amasamalirana, amasamala ndi kuteteza pakagwa ngozi. Pakudya ndi nthawi yopuma masana, mileme yomwe imadya zipatso imakhazikitsa alonda omwe amayang'anira zomwe zikuchitika ndikunena zoopsezazo mofuula ngati kulira.
Samapita kukafunafuna chakudya monga gulu lonse, koma amatambalala pamzere wautali. Zadziwika kuti ngati gulu la mileme yazipatso usiku silikusokonezedwa, ndiye kuti limatha kukhala m'malo amodzi kwazaka zambiri, kumangozisiya kuti zizidyetsa.
Chosangalatsa: Mnyumba ya aviary kapena kunyumba, mileme yazipatso usiku imatha kukhala zaka 20 kapena kupitilira apo. M'malo awo okhala, amakhala mocheperako, nthawi zambiri osapitirira zaka 5-8.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Galu wouluka akuthawa
Kwa chaka chimodzi, agalu achikazi owuluka amabweretsa mwana m'modzi yekha. Izi zimachitika makamaka kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Mkazi amabala chipatso masiku 145-190. Popanda kunyengerera miyambo yawo, agalu owuluka amabala, atapachikidwa mozondoka pamtengo. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama imatseka mapiko ake, ndikupanga mtundu wa mwana wakhanda. Kugwera pamapiko, mwana wamwamuna nthawi yomweyo amakwawa pachifuwa cha amayi ake ndipo amamatira msanga pachifuwa.
Pambuyo pa kubadwa, mileme ya zipatso imangokhala ndi mayi ake kwa masiku angapo ndipo amanyamula nayo, kenako pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuyisiya panthambi yamtengo ikapita kukadya. Ana a agalu owuluka amabadwa owona, thupi lawo liri ndi ubweya wonse. Amadyetsa mkaka mpaka miyezi itatu. Zinyama zazing'ono zimadziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi 2-3, zikawerenga bwino kuuluka ndikudziyang'ana mlengalenga.
Achinyamata okulirapo ali kale ndi poizoni ndi wamkazi kuti azisaka, azikhala achangu, azilumikizana ndi mamembala ena a gululo. Kuti pa nthawi yosakira komanso kuyendetsa ndege, mwana asasochere ndipo satayika, wamkazi amamupatsa zizindikilo pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound. Mleme wa zipatso wobwera usiku umakhwima pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi inayi.
Adani achilengedwe a mileme
Chithunzi: Momwe galu wouluka amawonekera
Palibe adani achilengedwe ochulukirapo agalu owuluka, nthawi zambiri amakhala mbalame zodya nyama. Nthawi zambiri amakwiya ndi nkhupakupa zosiyanasiyana ndi nthata zoyamwa magazi. Ndi chifukwa cha izi mileme yanyengo yobzala zipatso imatha kukhala yonyamula matenda akulu omwe ndi owopsa kwa anthu. Ngati nyama zakhazikika mumzinda, ndiye kuti amphaka ndi agalu amatha kuwapha.
Chiwerengero cha zinyama zachilendozi, makamaka m'maiko aku Africa, nthawi ndi nthawi zimatsikira kuzinthu zofunikira chifukwa cha zochita za anthu:
- anthu ambiri awonongedwa ndi alimi chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amaukira m'magulu akuluakulu m'minda yokhala ndi zipatso zotentha;
- mwa anthu ena, nyama ya nyama iyi imawonedwa ngati yokoma, yopatsa thanzi komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama;
- Kuchiza mankhwala kuminda kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa mileme yazipatso usiku, chifukwa zomwe amakonda kudya ndi zipatso ndi timadzi tokoma.
Ebola itayamba, anthu okhala m'malo angapo ku Gabon, Congo ndi maiko ena aku Africa alengeza kuti asaka nyama zam'masiku ano, ndikuziwononga m'mazana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngakhale mileme ya zipatso imavulaza kwambiri m'minda yazipatso, kapena minda yazipatso munthawi yochepa, imathandizira kuyendetsa mungu bwino kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndikusamutsa mbewu zawo. Mitundu ina imawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Agalu Ouluka
Nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, mitundu ingapo ya agalu owuluka inali pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichomwe anthu amachita, komanso, chifukwa chakukula kwamizinda yakugona masana kwa zolengedwa zakusiku kumeneku, kuli malo obisika ochepa. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa mileme yantchito yakugulitsana tsopano yabwezeretsedwa ndipo zamoyo sizikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha kwathunthu, mayiko ambiri akuda nkhawa ndi tsogolo lawo ndipo akuchita njira zambiri zodzitetezera zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza ndikusunga mileme ya zipatso.
Momwemonso, zolengedwa izi zikuchitidwa zoweta. Mileme yausiku yazipatso imazolowera anthu, amakhala okhulupirika kwa eni ake, amatha kuloweza ndikuchita malamulo osavuta. M'mayiko ena, aletsa kukhazikitsa agalu oyenda kuti akagwiritsenso ntchito ngati chakudya, koma popeza madera amenewa amakhala ndi moyo wochepa, zoletsedwazo zimaphwanyidwa.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, galu wouluka ndi nkhandwe zouluka zimawerengedwa kuti ndi oimira mtundu womwewo, koma ichi ndi lingaliro lolakwika. Ngakhale kufanana kwakukulu pakuwoneka, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka miyendo, komanso kuchepa kwa echolocation, nyamazi ndizamitundu ina. Kusanthula kwa majini okha ndi komwe kumatha kupatukana molondola.
Ngakhale pali nthano zambiri, galu wowuluka alibe luso lachinsinsi, ndiye kuti ndi cholengedwa chosavulaza chomwe chimakhala ndi chibadwa cha amayi. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi mileme, ngakhale mutayang'anitsitsa, amawoneka okongola.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.11.2019
Idasinthidwa: 03.09.2019 pa 21:33
