Mbawala ya Davide - nyama yolemekezeka yomwe idavutika ndi zochitika zaumunthu komanso zovuta zachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa malo awo okhala, nyamazi zakhala zikukhala m'ndende zokha. Mbalamezi zimatetezedwa ndi mayiko ena, ndipo anthu ake amayang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri nthawi zonse.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Deer David
Gwape wa David amatchedwanso "mila". Ichi ndi chinyama chomwe chimapezeka kumalo osungira nyama ndipo sichikhala kuthengo. Ndi a banja la agwape - amodzi mwamabanja akulu kwambiri azilombo zonyansa.
Mbozi zimagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi: m'malo ozizira a Yakutia ndi Far North, komanso Australia, New Zealand, America ndi Europe yense. Zonsezi, banjali limaphatikizapo mitundu 51 yodziwika, ngakhale pali mikangano yokhudza mtundu wina wa mbawala monga mitundu ina.
Kanema: Mbawala ya David
Mbawala ndizosiyana modabwitsa. Kukula kwawo kumatha kukhala kocheperako - kukula kwa kalulu, komwe ndi mbawala ya pudu. Palinso nswala zazikulu kwambiri mpaka kutalika ndi kulemera kwa akavalo - mphalapala. Nyama zambiri zimakhala ndi mphalapala, zomwe, monga lamulo, ndi amuna okha omwe ali nawo.
Chosangalatsa: Kaya gwapeyo amakhala kuti, ikasinthabe nyanga zake chaka chilichonse.
Gwape woyamba adawonekera ku Asia nthawi ya Oligocene. Kuchokera kumeneko anafalikira mofulumira ku Ulaya chifukwa cha kusamukira kosalekeza. Mlatho wachilengedwe wopita ku North America nawonso udathandizira kukulitsa kontinentiyi ndi nswala.
Atangoyamba kumene kukhalapo, agwape, monga nyama zina zambiri, anali zimphona. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo, achepetsa kwambiri kukula, ngakhale akadali nyama zazikulu kwambiri.
Mbawala ndizizindikiro zikhalidwe zambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka munthano ngati nyama zabwino, zolimba mtima komanso olimba mtima. Nthawi zambiri mbawalazi zimafotokoza zamphongo, makamaka chifukwa cha mitala ya amuna.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe Deer wa David Akuwonekera
Gwape wa David ndi nyama yayikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kufikira 215 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafota ndi 140 cm, mwa amuna. Kulemera kwake nthawi zina kumapitilira 190 kg, zomwe ndizochuluka kwambiri kwa herbivore. Mbawalayi imakhalanso ndi mchira wautali - pafupifupi 50 cm.
Thupi lakumtunda la nswala iyi limakhala lofiirira mu bulauni chilimwe, pomwe mimba, chifuwa ndi miyendo yamkati ndiyopepuka kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, mbawalazo zimakhala zotentha, kupeza utoto wofiira, ndipo mbali yake yakumunsi imakhala yoterera. Chodziwika bwino cha nswala iyi ndi tsitsi loyang'anira, lomwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a wavy ndipo sasintha chaka chonse. Uwu ndi tsitsi lalitali kwambiri, lomwe ndilo gawo lalitali kwambiri la tsitsi la nswala.
Kumbuyo, kuchokera kumtunda mpaka m'chiuno, pali mzere wakuda wakuda, womwe cholinga chake sichikudziwika. Mutu wa nswala iyi ndi yayitali, yocheperako, ndi maso ang'ono ndi mphuno zazikulu. Makutu a nswala ndi akulu, osongoka pang'ono komanso oyenda.
Gwape wa David ali ndi miyendo yayitali yokhala ndi ziboda zokulirapo. Chidendene chachitali cha ziboda chimatha kuwonetsa malo okhala madzi omwe mbawala imadutsa mosavutikira chifukwa chamtunduwu. Chidendene cha ziboda chimatha kukulitsidwa ndikufunika.
Nthawi yomweyo, thupi la mbawala limawoneka lalitali kwambiri, mosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka mphalapala zina zazikulu. Mchira wa agwape nawonso siwachilendo - umawoneka ngati mchira wa bulu wotalika wokhala ndi burashi kumapeto. Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala zozungulira. Pakatikati, gawo lokulirapo, nthambi yazanyanga, ndipo mayendedwe ake amapita kumbuyo ndi malekezero akuthwa.
Komanso, zamphongo zimasintha nyanga izi kawiri pachaka - mu Novembala ndi Januware. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna ndipo alibe nyanga, apo ayi alibe mawonekedwe azakugonana.
Kodi mbawala za David zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Deer wa David ku China
Mbawala ya David ndi nyama yomwe imakhala ku China kokha. Poyamba, malo ake achilengedwe amangokhala m'madambo ndi nkhalango zanyontho za Central China ndi gawo lake lapakati. Tsoka ilo, mitunduyi idapulumuka m'malo osungira nyama okha.
Kapangidwe ka ziboda za mbawala za David zimafotokoza zakukonda kwake madera amvula. Ziboda zake ndizotakata kwambiri, zimasewera ngati nsapato za chisanu, koma dambo. Chifukwa cha ziboda za mphalapala, agwape amatha kuyenda m'malo athyathyathya kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo samakhala osasangalala komanso osamira.
Cholinga cha kutalika kwa thupi la nswala iyi chikuwonekeranso. Kulemera kwake kumagawidwa molingana ndi miyendo inayi yonse ya nyamayi, yomwe imathandizanso kuti izikhala m'madambo ndi malo ena okhala ndi nthaka yosakhazikika.
Miyendo ya gwapeyi ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo sakonda kuthamanga mwachangu. Madambo, kumene agwapewa amakhala, amafuna kuyenda mosamala komanso pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mwanjira imeneyi gwape amayenda ngakhale panthaka yolimba.
Lero nswala ya David imapezeka m'malo osungira nyama ambiri padziko lapansi. Choyambirira, awa ndi malo osungira nyama achi China, komwe mitundu ya agwape imalemekezedwa mwapadera. Koma amathanso kupezeka ku Russia - ku Moscow Zoo, komwe mitunduyo yasungidwa kuyambira 1964.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe agwape a David amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi nswala ya David idya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gwape wa David
Mbawala ya David ndiyokhayokha, monga ena onse am'banja la agwape. M'malo osungira nyama, amadyetsa chakudya chachilengedwe - udzu womwe umamera pansi pa mapazi ake. Ngakhale akatswiri amapereka zowonjezera zowonjezera kwa nyamazi kuti zikhale zathanzi ndikukhala motalika momwe zingathere.
Malo okhala achilengedwe amatsimikizira zokonda zina za nyama izi.
Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zotsatirazi zitha kuphatikizidwa pazakudya zawo:
- zomera zilizonse zam'madzi - maluwa a madzi, bango, bango;
- matope am'madzi;
- mizu ya zomera zamatope, zomwe nswala zimafikira mothandizidwa ndi zipsinjo zazitali;
- Moss ndi ndere. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwawo komanso khosi lalitali, nswala izi zimatha kufikira kutalika kwa moss. Amathanso kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti akafikire chithandizo;
- masamba pamitengo.
Sizachilendo kuti mbawala zimadya mwangozi makoswe ang'onoang'ono - chipmunks, mbewa, ndi zina zambiri - pomwe zimadyetsa. Izi sizimapweteketsa chakudya chodyera mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo nthawi zina chimakwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mthupi.
Chosangalatsa: Zakudya zofananira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kudyetsa zomera zam'madzi zimawonedwa mu mphalapala yayikulu, elk.
Monga mahatchi, gwape amakonda zinthu zamchere komanso zotsekemera. Chifukwa chake, chidutswa chachikulu chamchere chimayikidwa mu mpanda pafupi ndi nswala, zomwe pang'onopang'ono amazinyambita. Komanso, nyama izi zimakonda kaloti ndi maapulo, omwe amapukusidwa ndi osunga zoo. Zakudyazi ndizokwanira kuti nyama zizikhala ndi thanzi labwino.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Deer Deer nthawi yachisanu
Gwape wa David ndi nyama zoweta. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala m'gulu limodzi lalikulu, koma m'nyengo yokhwima, amuna amachoka kwa akazi. Mwambiri, nyama sizikhala zaukali, zokonda kudziwa zambiri ndipo siziwopa anthu chifukwa chocheza nawo pafupipafupi.
Chodziwika bwino cha nswala izi ndikuti amakonda kusambira. Ngakhale tsopano sakukhala m'malo awo achilengedwe, mbali imeneyi idakalipo mpaka pano ndipo imafalikira chibadwa. Chifukwa chake, m'makola akulu a nswala izi, zimakumba dziwe lalikulu, pomwe zimawonjezera zomera zambiri zam'madzi.
Gwape ameneyu amatha kugona m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kusambira komanso kudyetsa, akumiza mitu yawo m'madzi. Palibe agwape ena omwe amakonda madzi ndi kusambira - nyama zambiri zodya nyama zimapewa malowa chifukwa sizisambira bwino. Mbawala ya David ndiyabwino kusambira - izi zimathandizidwanso ndi mawonekedwe amthupi lake komanso kapangidwe ka ziboda zake.
Mwa gulu la agwape, monga lamulo, mtsogoleri wamkulu wamwamuna, akazi angapo ndi amuna ochepa kwambiri. Kumtchire, mtsogoleriyo adathamangitsa amuna okhwima m'gulu, nthawi zambiri akumenya nkhondo pomwe akapolowo amakana lingaliro la mtsogoleriyo. Kwa anyamata amphongo othamangitsidwa m'gulu, zazikazi zingapo zimatha kuchoka.
Ali mu ukapolo, mbawala zokulira zimangosamukira kumadera ena, ndikuwonjezera akazi achichepere angapo kwa iwo nthawi imodzi. Izi zimapewa ndewu zoopsa pakati pa amuna, komanso zimalola amuna ofooka kusiya nawonso ana, zomwe zimathandiza kubwezeretsa anthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: David Cub
Nyengo yakumasirana imadziwika ndikumenya kwenikweni pakati pa amuna. Amawombana ndi nyanga, kukankha ndi kufuula. Kuphatikiza pa nyanga, amagwiritsa ntchito mano ndi ziboda zazikulu ngati zida - pankhondo ngati imeneyi, kuvulala sikofala.
Mtsogoleri wamwamuna nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi amuna ena, omwe amanamiziranso kuti azikwatirana panthawiyi. Chifukwa chake, mbawala zimayenera kuteteza zazikazi zawo pankhondo zanthawi zonse. Munthawi imeneyi, atsogoleri amphongo samadya ndikuchepetsa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake amakhala ofooka ndipo nthawi zambiri amalephera ndewu. Pakadutsa nthawi yamphongo, amuna amadya mopambanitsa.
Gwape wa David ndi wosabereka kwambiri. Kwa moyo wake wonse, mkazi amabala ana 2-3, pambuyo pake amalowa muukalamba ndipo sangathe kubereka. Nthawi yomweyo, mphukira imachitika pafupipafupi, ndipo yamphongo imakwirira pafupifupi akazi onse azaka zake chaka chilichonse. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti nswala ya David idabereka bwino kuthengo.
Mimba ya nswala wamkazi David imakhala miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Nthawi zonse amabala mwana wa ng'ombe, yemwe amafika pamapazi ake ndikuyamba kuyenda. Poyamba, amadya mkaka wa m'mawere, koma posachedwa amasintha ndikubzala chakudya.
Ana aang'ono amapanga mtundu wa nazale. Kumeneko, akazi onse a ng'ombe amawasamalira, ngakhale kuti nkhosayo imadyetsa kuchokera kwa amayi ake okha. Ngakhale amayi atamwalira, mwana wamkazi samadya kuchokera kwa akazi ena, ndipo samulola kuti amwe mkaka wawo, chifukwa chake kudya kongopanga ndikotheka.
Adani achilengedwe a nswala za David
Chithunzi: Ziweto ziwiri za David
Mbawala ya David inali ndi adani ochepa kwambiri kuthengo. Malo awo okhala adapangitsa kuti mphalapala zisawonongeke kwa adani ambiri omwe sanakonde kulowa m'dera laphompho. Chifukwa chake, mbawala za David ndizodalira kwambiri komanso bata nyama, sizimathawa ngozi.
Nyama yaikulu yomwe ingawopseze mphalapala za David ndi kambuku woyera. Nyamayi imakhala m'chigawo cha China ndipo imakhala pamwamba pazakudya za nyama mdziko muno. Kuphatikiza apo, kambukuyu amakhala chete komanso wosamala, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azisaka nswala za David ngakhale m'malo ovuta.
Mphalapala za David sizinkakonda kugwidwa ndi adani. Chifukwa cha kusasamala kwawo, zolusa zimatha kusaka osati okalamba okha, ofooka kapena achichepere, komanso achikulire. Njira yokhayo yopulumukira m'manja mwa chilombo choopsa ichi ndikuthamangira mkati mwa dambo, pomwe agwape sangamire, ndipo kambuku, mwina, akhoza kuvutika.
Komanso, nswala za David zimakhala ndi mawu osiyanasiyana omveka omwe amadziwitsa achibale awo za ngoziyo. Samazigwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri, ngakhale zili mokweza kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusokoneza nyama yobisalira.
Amuna amphongo a David, monga amuna amtundu wina wamphongo, amatha kuteteza ng'ombe zawo kwa adani. Amagwiritsa ntchito nyanga ndi miyendo yolimba ngati chitetezo - amatha kumenya mdani ngati mahatchi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe Deer wa David Akuwonekera
Gwape wa David anali pafupi kuwonongedwa kwathunthu ndi anthu, ndipo kokha chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa akatswiri, anthu ake osalimba adayamba kuchira m'malo osungira nyama. Mmbulu wa David, wokhala m'madambo aku Central China, wasowa chifukwa cha kusaka kosalamulirika komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa.
Kutha kunayamba kuchitika chaka cha 1368. Kenako gulu laling'ono la nswala za David lidapulumuka m'munda wamfumu wa Ming'oma. Zinali zotheka kuwasaka, koma m'banja lachifumu lokha. Anthu ena adaletsedwa kusaka nyama izi, lomwe linali gawo loyamba kuteteza anthu.
Mmishonale waku France Armand David adabwera ku China pankhani yazokambirana ndipo adakumana koyamba ndi mphalapala za David (zomwe pambuyo pake zidatchulidwa pambuyo pake). Pambuyo pazokambirana kwazaka zambiri, adakakamiza mfumuyo kuti ipereke chilolezo kuti anthu atuluke kupita ku Europe, koma ku France ndi Germany nyamazo zidafa msanga. Koma adazika mizu mu England, yomwe idalinso gawo lofunikira pobwezeretsa anthu.
Zochitika zina ziwiri zidathandizanso kuwonongedwa kwa agwape:
- Choyamba, mu 1895, Mtsinje Wachikasu unasefukira, womwe unasefukira madera ambiri omwe David ankakhala. Nyama zambiri zamira, zina zinathawa ndipo zinalibe mwayi woweta, ndipo zinazo zinaphedwa ndi alimi anjala;
- chachiwiri, agwape otsalawo adawonongedwa panthawi yamagawano mu 1900. Umu ndi momwe moyo wamapiko achi China udatha.
Iwo amangokhala pamalowo ku Britain. Pofika nthawi ya 1900, anthu anali pafupifupi 15. Kuchokera pamenepo ndi pomwe mbawala zidatengedwa kupita kudziko lakwawo - ku China, komwe akupitilira kuswana mosungira nyama.
Mlonda wa agwape David
Chithunzi: Deer wa David kuchokera ku Red Book
Mbawala za David zidalembedwa mu International Red Book. Amakhala mu ukapolo wokha - m'malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimatha kukhalabe okhazikika, ngakhale ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Ku China, pali pulogalamu yaboma yogawa nswala za David kumadera otetezedwa. Amamasulidwa mosamala m'malo osungidwa ndikuwunikidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa nyama zolusa, opha nyama mopanda nyama komanso ngozi zitha kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa nyama izi.
Pakadali pano, agwape padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi nyama pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri - onsewa ndi mbadwa za anthu khumi ndi asanu ochokera ku Britain. Kumasulidwa kuthengo, sikukuchitika, ngakhale nyama zimaphunzitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala mosiyana ndi anthu.
Gwape wa Davide ili ndi nkhani yodabwitsa yomwe imatiwonetsa kuti ngakhale nyama yomwe imawonedwa kuti yatayika imatha kukhala ndi moyo m'mitundu imodzi ndikupitilizabe. Tikuyembekeza kuti nswala za David zitha kubwerera kumtchire kukatenga nyama zawo ku China.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.10.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09.09.2019 pa 12:35
