Goshawk Ndi membala yemwe amaphunzira kwambiri m'banja la nkhwangwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri zakuthambo zomwe zimatha kusaka nyama kangapo kukula kwake. Goshawk idafotokozedwa koyamba pakati pa zaka za zana la 18, koma anthu ankadziwa mbalameyi kuyambira nthawi zakale ndipo amayiyendetsa pofuna kusaka mphamba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Goshawk
Mitundu ya goshawks imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mbalamezi zinalipo kalekale. Nthawi zambiri akalulu amawerengedwa ngati amithenga a milungu, ndipo ku Egypt wakale anali ndi mulungu wokhala ndi mutu wa mbalameyi. Asilavo amalemekezanso nkhangawo ndipo adayika chithunzi cha mbalameyo pazishango ndi malaya amanja. Kuweta nkhuku ndi kusaka ndi mbalamezi kunayamba zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri.
Kanema: Hawk goshawk
Goshawk ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimadya nthenga zambiri. Kukula kwa nkhamba yamphongo kumakhala pakati pa 50 mpaka 55 sentimita, kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 1.2. Akazi ndi okulirapo. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kufikira 70 sentimita ndikulemera 2 kilogalamu. Mapiko a nkhwangwa ali mkati mwa mita 1.2-1.5.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chifukwa cha mapiko ake akuluakulu, nkhwangwa imatha kuyendetsa modekha pazosintha ndikuyang'ana nyama yabwino kwa mphindi makumi angapo, ikuthawa osachita chilichonse.
Nyama yamphaka imamangidwa mwamphamvu, ili ndi mutu wawung'ono wopindika komanso khosi lalifupi koma loyenda. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za mphamba ndi kupezeka kwa "mathalauza nthenga", omwe sapezeka mumitundu yaying'ono ya mbalame zodya nyama. Mbalameyi imakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda kwambiri ndipo nthenga zokha m'munsi mwake ndizomwe zimawala kapena zoyera, zomwe zimapangitsa mbalameyi kukhala yokongola komanso yokumbukiridwa bwino.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mthunzi wa nthenga za nkhono umadalira malo ake. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadera akumpoto zimakhala ndi nthenga zolimba komanso zopepuka, pomwe akalulu a mapiri a Caucasus, amakhala ndi nthenga zakuda.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi goshawk imawoneka bwanji
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mawonekedwe a goshawk amatengera gawo lomwe mbalameyi imakhala.
Tilembetsa mitundu yayikulu ya nkhuku ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo:
- Goshawk waku Europe. Woyimira mtunduwo ndiye wamkulu kwambiri kuposa goshawks onse. Komanso, zokometsera zamtunduwu ndikuti zazikazi zimakhala zokulirapo pafupifupi kamodzi ndi theka kuposa amuna. Hawk waku Europe amakhala pafupifupi ku Eurasia, North America ndi Morocco. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonekera kwa mbalameyi ku Morocco kumachitika chifukwa choti anthu angapo adamasulidwa mwadala kuti athe kuwongolera nkhunda zowaza;
- Goshawk waku Africa. Ndiocheperako pang'ono kukula kuposa mphamba waku Europe. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu sikupitilira masentimita 40, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira magalamu 500. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi nthenga zamtundu wabuluu kumbuyo ndi mapiko, ndi nthenga zakuda pachifuwa;
- Chiwombankhanga chaku Africa chili ndi miyendo yolimba kwambiri yokhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu komanso zolimba, zomwe zimalola kuti igwire ngakhale kanyama kakang'ono kwambiri. Mbalameyi imapitilirabe ku Africa konse, kupatula madera akumwera ndi ouma;
- nkhono yaying'ono. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi mbalame yaying'ono yapakatikati yolusa. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 35, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 300. Ngakhale kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri, mbalameyi imadya nyama zolusa zambiri ndipo imatha kugwira nyamazi kawiri kulemera kwake. Mtundu wake, nkhwangwa yaying'ono siyimasiyana ndi goshawk waku Europe. Nyama zodya nyamazi zimakhala makamaka kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa;
- chiwombankhanga chopepuka. Mbalame yosowa kwambiri, yomwe idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha kuwala kwake kosazolowereka. Kukula ndi zizolowezi zake, ili pafupifupi mtundu wonse wa mnzake waku Europe. Ponseponse, pali anthu pafupifupi 100 okha a goshawk yoyera padziko lapansi ndipo onse amapezeka ku Australia;
- Chiwombankhanga chofiira. Woimira wachilendo kwambiri wa banja la mphamba. Imakhala yofanana ndi mbalame yomwe imamanga ku Europe, koma imasiyana ndi nthenga zofiira (kapena zofiira). Mbalameyi ndi mvula yamabingu enieni a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, zomwe zimadya kwambiri.
Banja la goshawks ndilambiri, koma mbalame zonse zimakhala ndi zizolowezi zomwezo, zimasiyana mosiyana ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Kodi goshawk amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Goshawk ku Russia
Malo achilengedwe a mbalame ndi nkhalango zazikulu, nkhalango-nkhalango ndi nkhalango-tundra (zikafika kumpoto kwa Russia). Ngakhale amakhala ku Australia ndi Africa, mbalamezi zimakhala m'malire a savanna kapena tchire, zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu.
Ku Russian Federation, akalulu amakhala pafupifupi m'dziko lonselo, kuyambira ku mapiri a Caucasus mpaka ku Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Gulu losiyana la zisa za m'mapiri a Caucasus. Kukula ndi moyo wawo, sizimasiyana ndi anthu aku Europe, koma mosiyana ndi iwo, samakhazikika pamitengo ikuluikulu, koma m'miyala. Izi ndizosowa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi okhawo akadzidzi padziko lapansi omwe amapanga zisa pamiyala yopanda kanthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimakhala ku Asia, China ndi Mexico. Chiwerengero cha anthu m'mayikowa ndi ochepa, koma akuluakulu aboma akutenga njira zofunikira kuti ateteze anthu awo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chakuchepa kwachilengedwe, mbalame zakhala zikukakamizidwa kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba zomwe anthu amakhala, ndipo nthawi zina m'mizinda.
Mwachitsanzo, titha kunena za mabanja am'magulu omwe amakhala m'mapaki mumzinda. Ndipo mu 2014, nyama zolusa zokhala ndi nthenga ziwiri zidamanga chisa chawo pamwamba pa nyumba yachifumu ku New York.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe goshawk amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi goshawk amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Hawk goshawk
Hawk ndi mbalame yodya nyama ndipo imangodya chakudya cha nyama zokha. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kugwira tizirombo tambiri, achule ndi makoswe, koma pofika nthawi yakutha msinkhu, goshawks amapita kukakola mbalame zina.
Gawo lalikulu kwambiri la chakudya cha hawk ndi:
- nkhunda;
- akhwangwala;
- nkhonya;
- mbalame zakuda;
- alireza.
Hawks, pachimake cholimbitsa thupi, amasaka abakha mosavuta, atsekwe, grouse yamatabwa ndi grouse wakuda. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti nyama yolusa yamphongo imagwirana ndi nyama yolemera yofanana komanso yokulirapo.
Mchira waufupi ndi mapiko amphamvu amathandiza nkhwangwa kuyendetsa bwino ndikusintha komwe ikuuluka. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbalameyi imasaka ngakhale pakati pa mitengo, kuthamangitsa hares ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Chiwombankhanga chikakhala ndi njala, sichiphonya mwayi wogwira buluzi kapena njoka yayikulu pamiyala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Goshawk, yophunzitsidwa ngati mbalame yodya nyama, imatha kulimbana ndi mphalapala kapena mphalapala. Inde, mbalameyo silingathe kupirira nyama yayikulu chonchi, koma "imachedwetsa" nyamayo ndikulola gulu la agalu kukankhira nyama.
Alenje amayesa kusaka m'malo omwe goshawk amakhala. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyamayi yamphongo imawopseza kapena kuwononga mbalame zina m'makilomita angapo. Kusaka kotere sikungabweretse zotsatira ndipo sikudzabweretsa chisangalalo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Goshawk akuthawa
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya goshawks imangokhala, ndipo ngati kukakamiza sikuchitika, ndiye kuti nyama zolusa zimakhala moyo wawo wonse m'dera limodzi. Kupatula kwawo ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa United States of America pafupi ndi mapiri a Rocky. M'nyengo yozizira, m'malo amenewa mulibe nyama iliyonse, ndipo nyama zolusa zamapiko zimakakamizika kusamukira kumwera.
Goshawk ndi mbalame yothamanga kwambiri komanso yothamanga kwambiri. Amakhala ndi moyo wosakondera, amakonda kusaka m'mawa kapena masana dzuwa lisanafike pachimake. Mbalameyi imagona usiku muchisa, popeza maso ake sanasinthidwe posaka usiku.
Chiwombankhanga chimangirizidwa kwambiri kudera lawo, amayesetsa kuti asachokeko ndikukhala moyo wawo wonse pachisa chimodzi. Mbalamezi zimakhala zokhazokha. Amapanga banja lokhazikika ndikukhalabe okhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake moyo wawo wonse.
Nthawi zambiri, malo osakira a nkhwangwa amapezeka, koma samalumikizana. Mbalame zimasirira kwambiri malo awo ndipo zimathamangitsa (kapena kupha) zolusa zina zam nthenga zomwe zimauluka pano.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngakhale azimayi akalulu ndi akulu kuposa amuna, gawo lawo limakhala locheperako 2-3. Amuna amawerengedwa kuti ndi omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri m'banjamo, chifukwa chake malo awo osakira ndi akulu.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, nkhwangwa zimapanga zisa m'nkhalango, pamwamba pa mitengo yayitali kwambiri, mpaka kutalika kwa 20 mita.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Goshawk ku Belarus
Amuna amayamba kukondana ndi akazi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka koyambirira kwa Juni. Pafupifupi atangokwatirana, awiriwa amayamba kumanga chisa, ndipo onse amuna ndi akazi amatenga nawo gawo pantchitoyi.
Ntchito yomanga zisa imayamba miyezi ingapo dzira lisanaikidwe ndipo limatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimakonza chisa chachikulu (pafupifupi mita imodzi). Pomanga, nthambi zowuma, makungwa amitengo, singano ndi mphukira zamitengo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala mazira 2-3 pachisa cha goshawk. Pafupifupi samasiyana kukula ndi nkhuku, koma amakhala ndi utoto wabuluu komanso wovuta kukhudza. Mazira amaswa masiku 30-35 ndipo wamkazi amakhala pamazirawo. Pakadali pano, chachimuna chimasaka ndikupatsa bwenzi lake nyama.
Amuna akabadwa, yaikazi imakhala nawo pachisa kwa mwezi wathunthu. Munthawi yonseyi, abambo amasaka ndi mphamvu zopitilira muyeso ndikupatsa chachikazi ndi anapiye onse chakudya.
Patatha mwezi umodzi, achinyamata amakula pamapiko, koma makolo awo amawadyetsabe, kuwaphunzitsa kusaka. Patangotha miyezi itatu yokha kuchoka anzawa, anapiyewo amadziyimira pawokha ndikusiya makolo awo. Kukula msinkhu kwa mbalame kumachitika mchaka chimodzi.
Mwachilengedwe, goshawk amakhala zaka pafupifupi 14-15, koma m'malo osungidwa ndi zakudya zabwino komanso chithandizo chanthawi yake, mbalame zimatha kukhala zaka 30.
Adani achilengedwe a goshawk
Chithunzi: Kodi goshawk imawoneka bwanji?
Kwakukulukulu, goshawk alibe adani ambiri achilengedwe, chifukwa mbalameyi imakhala pamwamba pazakudya zamphaka. Iyenso ndi mdani wachilengedwe wa mbalame zambiri ndi masewera ang'onoang'ono m'nkhalango.
Komabe, nkhandwe zimatha kubweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa nyama zazing'ono. Awa ndi amodzi mwa nyama zanzeru kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuwonera nyama yawo kwa maola ambiri ndipo ngati mbalame yaying'ono ikugwira, ndiye kuti nkhandwe imatha kulimbana ndi nkhono.
Usiku, nkhwangwa zimawopsezedwa ndi akadzidzi ndi akadzidzi a ziwombankhanga. Ma Goshawks samazindikira bwino mumdima, ndiye zomwe kadzidzi, omwe ndi odyera abwino usiku, amagwiritsa ntchito. Amathira nkhondo anapiye usiku mosaopa kuti akalulu achikulire adzabwezera.
Mbalame zina zodya nyama, zomwe ndi zazikulu kuposa kukula kwa mphamba, zimatha kuopseza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kudera la United States, akabawi ndi ziwombankhanga zimakhala moyandikana nawo, ndipo ziwombankhanga, monga mbalame zazikuluzikulu, zimalamulira akokowe ndipo sizimanyoza kuzisaka nkomwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati masewerawa sali okwanira, akalulu amatha kuchita nawo zamatsenga ndikudya achibale ang'onoang'ono komanso ofooka kapena ana awo. Komabe, owopsa kwambiri kwa goshawks ndi anthu omwe amasaka mbalame kuti apange nthenga zokongola kapena kuti apange nyama yokongola komanso yochititsa chidwi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Hawk Goshawk
Tsoka ilo, chiwala cha goshawk chikuchepa. Ndipo ngati kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana panali mbalame pafupifupi 400,000, tsopano zilibe zoposa 200,000. Izi zidachitika chifukwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pakulima kwa nkhuku ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali amakhulupirira kuti nkhwangwa ndiwopseza nkhuku, atsekwe ndi abakha.
Kwa zaka zingapo, mbalame zambiri zidawonongeka, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mpheta ziwonjezeke, zomwe zidawononga kwambiri ulimi. Zinthu zachilengedwe zasokonekera ndipo sizinabwezeretsedwe mpaka pano. Ndikwanira kukumbukira "kusaka mpheta" kotchuka ku China kuti timvetsetse kukula kwa tsokalo.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa goshawk kumagawidwa motere:
- USA - anthu 30,000;
- Africa - anthu zikwi 20;
- Maiko aku Asia - anthu 35,000;
- Russia - anthu 25,000;
- Europe - pafupifupi 4,000 mbalame.
Mwachilengedwe, kuwerengera konse kuli pafupifupi, ndipo asayansi ambiri - akatswiri azakuthambo amaopa kuti zowonadi pali mbalame zochepa. Amakhulupirira kuti osapitilira 4-5 awiriawiri a nkhamba sangakhale pa 100 mita lalikulu mita. Kutsika kwa dera la nkhalango zobwezeretsa kumabweretsa chakuti kuchuluka kwa akalulu kukucheperachepera ndipo zofunikira pakukonzanso zinthu sizikuwonekabe.
Mpheta mbalame yokongola yodya nyama yomwe ili ndi mapiko a nkhalango. Mbalamezi zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe chikhalebe chachilengedwe ndipo sizingathe kuwononga mafamu akuluakulu a nkhuku. M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, akalulu amatetezedwa ndi boma, ndipo kuwasaka ndikosaloledwa konse.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/30/2019
Tsiku losintha: 22.08.2019 nthawi ya 22:01
