Tambala wa nsomba (cockerel) ndi nsomba zachilendo zotchuka pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi, zodziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake owala koyambirira. Nthawi zambiri nsombazi zimatchedwa kuti nkhondo. Ambiri amaganiza kuti nsombazi ndizosowa posamalira, koma zonsezi zimalipidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi komanso mawonekedwe awo abwino.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Tambala tambala
Tambala ndi nsomba za labyrinth, zosiyana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka zamoyo zina zam'madzi chifukwa zimapuma mpweya wammlengalenga monga anthu. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi kwawo komwe nsomba za tambala zimadziwika. Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia - malo okhala nsombazi. Amuna makamaka amakonda madzi osayenda kapena malo opanda pang'ono. Amakhala m'madzi okhaokha.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kutchulidwa kwa nsomba zamtunduwu kumatha kupezeka kumadera akutali a 1800. Kenako anthu okhala ku Thailand amakono (pomwe malowa amatchedwa Siam) adakopa chidwi ndi omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi chifukwa cha machitidwe awo osangalatsa - chiwonetsero cha nkhanza zapadera kwa wina ndi mnzake (tikulankhula za amuna). Pambuyo pa izi nsomba zidayamba kugwidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo zapadera, ndikupanga ndalama kubetcha.
Kanema: Tambala wa nsomba
Ku Europe, okhala ku Germany ndi France anali oyamba kudziwana ndi tambala, komwe oimira mitunduyo adabweretsedwa mu 1892. Ku Russia, nsomba zidawoneka mu 1896, koma zidabweretsedwa ku United States pambuyo pake - mu 1910, pomwe Locke nthawi yomweyo adayamba kuswana mitundu yatsopano ndi ina mtundu. M'madera a Russia amakono, a Melnikov adachita chidwi ndi mtundu uwu wa nsomba, polemekeza omwe azamadzi ambiri amakhalabe ndi mpikisano womenyera nsomba, kuwadziwitsa kuti azimenyana.
Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamtambala, koma zomwe zidakhala koyambirira zimafunikira chidwi. Cholinga chake ndikuti mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu idapangidwa ndipo ndi yosakanizidwa, koma oimira mitundu yachilengedwe akucheperachepera. Mitundu yamatambala am'nyanja (oyambitsa) amawonedwa mosiyana. Iwo ndi a ray-finned, ngati nsomba. Nsomba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chifukwa chakuti zimatha kupanga phokoso lalikulu ndikuuluka mamitala angapo pamwamba pamadzi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa, mtundu uwu suli mgulu la aquarium.
Chosangalatsa: Cockfish ili ndi chidwi chotere kwa mfumu ya Siamese. Ndi iye amene adayambitsa maphunziro atsatanetsatane a asayansi omwe adadzipereka kuti athe kumenya nkhondo molingana ndi mitunduyo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe nsomba ya tambala imawonekera
Mitundu yonseyi ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa cha iye kuti nsomba zakhala zotchuka kwazaka zambiri. kutengera ngati amadziwika kuti ndi madzi amchere kapena mitundu yam'madzi, kusiyanasiyana kwamawonekedwe kudzakhala kwakukulu.
Zowala kwambiri ndi tambala wa ku Siamese. Mwa njira, mtundu uwu umafotokoza bwino za amuna kuposa akazi. Ali ndi mchira waukulu wowala, wokhoza kunyezimira mumithunzi yodabwitsa kwambiri. Mkazi ali ndi khungu lotopetsa kwambiri komanso losadabwitsa. Mtundu wowala kwambiri mwaimuna nthawi yobereka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Tambala tambala ndimadzi amchere, komanso nsomba zam'nyanja. Ngakhale ali ndi dzina lomwelo, ali mgulu losiyana kwambiri ndi okhala m'madzi. Maonekedwe awo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo.
Mpaka pano, oweta ambiri akwanitsa kubereketsa mitundu yomwe yaikazi siyosiyana ndi yamphongo ndipo imawala kwambiri, yokhala ndi zipsepse zazitali. Yaimuna nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5, ndipo yaikazi imakhala yochepera 1 cm. Mtundu wa azitona ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa mitundu yomwe imakhala m'chilengedwe. Zipsepse za nsombazo ndizozungulira. Ngati tikulankhula za mitundu yam'madzi, ndiye kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Wamkulu amatha kufikira masentimita 60. Kulemera kwake kwa nsombayo ndi pafupifupi 5.5 kg.
Thupi la nsombazi ndilokulirapo; mutu wokhala ndi ndevu zazitali umadziwika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa mafupa amapangidwa pamutu kumunsi, ndipo pamimba pali zipsepse zowonjezerapo pang'ono. Zonsezi zimapanga mawonekedwe a miyendo isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe imalola kuti nsomba ziziyenda pansi.
Kodi tambala nsomba amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tambala wakuda wakuda
Malo okhala nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatengera mwachindunji ngati tikukamba za anthu okhala m'madzi kapena m'madzi oyera. Atambala anyanja nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi otentha pafupi ndi gombe. Pali zenizeni zingapo ku Russia. Iwo (makamaka achikasu triglya) amakhala mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Baltic (nthawi zina ku Far East). Koma triglya imvi imapezeka nthawi zambiri kufupi ndi gombe la nyanja ya Atlantic.
Tambala tating'onoting'ono ta madzi oyera timapezeka ku Southeast Asia kokha mpaka lero. Pazachilengedwe, sikungatheke kukumana ndi nsomba m'malo ena. Malo okondedwa kwambiri mwa nsombazi ndi madzi osasunthika, chifukwa chake m'malo amenewa amatha kupezeka m'madzi ndi malo. Mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mwachangu sikhala mwa kukoma kwa mtundu uwu. Kupatula kokha ndi mitsinje yaying'ono yokhala ndi madzi ofunda, komwe kumayenda sikumathamanga kwambiri nthawi zonse.
Lero, ngati tikulankhula za nsomba zazing'ono, tambala, ndiye kuti nyanja yamchere yamadzi yakhala malo odziwika bwino kwa iwo, komwe mitundu yambiri ya nyama ikukhala. Mwa njira, ngakhale anali ndi moyo wokangalika komanso wamtopola, nsomba zamtunduwu sizimasinthidwa kuti zizisamukira nyengo zina. Amakonda kukhala pamalo amodzi moyo wawo wonse, osasintha zizolowezi zawo, kuphatikiza nthawi yobereka. Chokhacho ndicho kusamukira m'mbali yamadzi.
Kodi nsomba za tambala zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tambala wam'nyanja
Tambala tambala ali m'gulu la zolusa. Amatha kudya nkhono, nkhanu, mwachangu za nsomba zina. Komanso, sangakane kudya nsomba zazing'ono (sultanka). Komanso: tambala wanyanja sizovuta kusaka nyama yake. Iye, monga chilombo chilichonse, amasangalala ngati kusaka.
Atangotha kupezako wovutikayo, amapanga kudumpha kwinaku akumulimbana ndi ukali winawake. Popeza tambala wa m'nyanja amakhala m'gulu la nsomba zapansi, amasaka pansi pokha, osakwera pamwambapa pamwamba pamadzi kapena pakatikati pake.
Mwa njira, chakudya cha tambala tating'ono chimayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Amakhala odzichepetsa kwambiri pachakudya. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amatha kusaka ngakhale tizilombo tokhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Kunyumba, komabe, akatswiri am'madzi amalangizidwa mwamphamvu kuti asawadyetse mopyola muyeso. Ndi osusuka kwambiri ndipo sadziwa kukula kwake, chifukwa chake amatha kunenepa kapena kufa chifukwa chodya mopitirira muyeso.
Mwachilengedwe, nsombazi zimadyetsa mphutsi zazing'ono, tizilombo, ma crustaceans. Mwakutero, nsomba ndizodya, koma sizisiya ndere, mbewu zomwe zimatha kulowa m'madzi. Koma ngati kuli kotheka, sadzapereka osati nzika zokhazokha, komanso tizilombo tomwe timauluka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tambala wamkazi
Nkhuku zankhondo yomenyera nkhondoyi imalimbana kwambiri ndi amuna ena. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amuna awiri sayenera kusungidwa m'madzi. Sadzatha kuyanjana wina ndi mnzake munthawi iliyonse.
Kupsa mtima kwa nsombayo kumafika poti imatha kulowa nawo nkhondo yankhanza ngakhale ndi mawonekedwe ake pakalilore. Nthawi yomweyo, nsombazi sizingatchulidwe wamba. Amadziwika ndi malingaliro otukuka, amakumbukira mbuye wawo mosavuta ndipo amatha kusewera masewera osavuta. Chowonjezera chidwi ndichakuti nkhuku zimakonda kugona pamiyala ngati anthu okhala pamilo. Pafupifupi, tambala amatha kukhala zaka 3-4.
Chosangalatsa: Tambala amatha kudumpha m'madzi mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 7. Koma tambala wanyanja, chifukwa cha mapiko ake, amatha kuwuluka mpaka 6-7 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Moyo wam'madzi nawonso sungatchedwe wachikale. Chodziwika chawo ndikuti tambala wanyanja ndiwaphokoso kwambiri. Kufanana kwa kukalipira, kung'ung'udza, kung'ung'udza - ndi zomwe asayansi ambiri amatcha kuti khwangwala (chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo).
Dzuwa lisanalowe, tambala amakonda kudya dzuwa pafupi ndi madzi. Koma atatha kudya, m'malo mwake, amasankha kubisala ndendende kuti pasakhale aliyense wovutitsa. Amakondanso kusungulumwa ndipo samalekerera ziweto, monga abale awo ang'onoang'ono, tambala.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Tambala wa nsomba ku Black Sea
Nsombazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ena achilendo, ndizovuta kuti athe kulumikizana ndi anthu ena okhalamo, chifukwa chake samakonda kulumikizana ndi oimira mitundu ina. M'malo mwake, atambala nthawi zambiri amakhala okha, osakonda kukwatirana ndi anthu amtundu wawo.
Amuna mwachilengedwe amayamba kuswana pafupifupi miyezi 5-6, akamakula. Ngati tikulankhula za kuswana kunyumba, ndiye kuti kubzala kudzakhala koyenera kupanga zinthu zapadera, popeza nsomba ndizosavuta pankhaniyi.
Pakuswana nsomba, izi ndizofunikira:
- madzi ofunda;
- malo obisika kuti apange chisa;
- madzulo.
Nsomba mosamala musankhe malo oti ziberekere, posankha madzi okhala ndi kutentha mozungulira madigiri a 30 opanda kuwala kokwanira. Mitengo yazitsamba zam'madzi ndi maenje ndi abwino kupangira chisa. Poyamba, yamphongo imayamba kupanga chisa: ma thovu amlengalenga olumikizidwa ndi malovu ake wina ndi mnzake.
Pambuyo pake, amayamba kuyandikira chachikazi, pang'onopang'ono "kumukumbatira" ndikufinya mazira angapo, omwe amawasamutsira ku chisa ndikubwerera china. Ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, mkazi amasambira, koma wamwamuna amakhalabe woteteza chisa chake. Mwa njira, azisamalira ana kwakanthawi kwakanthawi atabadwa.
Chosangalatsa: Wamphongo ndi bambo wachikondi kotero kuti amatha kuthamangitsa mkaziyo pachisa mwakhama mpaka kumupha.
Pakadutsa masiku 1.5, mwachangu adzaswa, ndipo pambuyo pa tsiku lina, thovu loteteza lidzaphulika ndipo atha kuyamba kukhala paokha. Koma ndi mitundu yam'madzi, zonse ndizosiyana pang'ono. Amakula msinkhu wazaka pafupifupi 4. Mpaka nthawiyo, ngakhale samakhala ndi makolo awo, satenga nawo mbali pobereka ndi moyo wamba monga akulu.
Kwa nthawi 1, mkazi wamkulu amaikira mazira ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi 300,000. Kukula kwake kulikonse kuli pafupifupi 1.3-1.6 mm (kuphatikiza dontho lamafuta). Atambala a kunyanja amapita ku chilimwe. Mazira amapsa pafupifupi pafupifupi sabata limodzi, pambuyo pake mwachangu amawonekera.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kukhala chaching'ono kwambiri, nyanja tambala mwachangu amafanana mofanana ndi akulu.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba za tambala
Chithunzi: Tambala tambala
Ngakhale kuti nsombazi zimachita nkhanza, adakali ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe. Ngakhale mutha kutsimikiza kuti chowopsa chake kwa iwo ndi munthu, pali adani ena ambiri. Mwa njira, munthu amakhalanso wowopsa mwanjira ina. Mwa kukhetsa madamu ndi ntchito zawo, kukulitsa chilengedwe, munthu amatha kuvulaza zolengedwa zodabwitsazi.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kunena ndendende adani omwe akudikirira tambala mwachilengedwe. Tikulankhula makamaka za mitundu yolusa ya nsomba. Kwa zamoyo zam'madzi, izi zitha kukhala mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba. Komanso, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, ma dolphin samanyalanyaza oimira mitundu iyi.
Ngati timalankhula za tambala wa m'madzi opanda mchere, ndiye kuti ngakhale zilombo zazing'ono zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwopsezo chimadikirira nyama zolusa, mbalame zomwe sizingavutike kudya nsomba zomwe zimatha kukhala m'madzi osaya.
Choipa kwambiri kwa nsombayi ndikuti imakhala ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri. Amamuyang'ana kwambiri kwa adani, iye samatha kukhalabe wosadziwika nthawi zonse. Okhala kunyanja, omwe ali ndi zipsepse zakuthwa, sangathe kuthandiza nthawi zonse - sizovuta kuti muwapeze chifukwa chakuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tambala wofiira wofiira
Popeza malo okhala nsomba zambala sizingokhala kudera limodzi lokha, ndizovuta kwambiri kuziwerenga. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zambiri zimakhala m'magulu azinsinsi kapena zimawombedwa posachedwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake sikutheka kunena kuti ndi oimira angati a mitunduyo omwe alipo m'chilengedwe masiku ano.
Titha kudziwa kuti mwachilengedwe, tambala wanyanja amakhala kwambiri. Amatetezedwa kwambiri ndikusinthidwa kukhala amoyo, pomwe ma bettas aku Siamese ali pachiwopsezo chowopsezedwa ndi akunja.
Koma izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokha pa zamoyo zamtundu wachilengedwe. Ngati tizingolankhula za kuyesa kuchuluka kwa anthu onse, padzakhala tambala wambiri, chifukwa nthumwi zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakhala m'malo am'madzi achinsinsi.
Ngakhale kutchuka kotere komanso kusinthana kopangira oimira, nsomba zamatambala ndizamtundu womwe umafunikira chitetezo chapadera. Zifukwazi zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndikulowetsedwa kwa nsomba ndi anthu.
Si chinsinsi kuti nsomba zam'madzi za tambala zimakhala ndi nyama zokoma ngati nkhuku. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti mitundu iyi yatchuka kwambiri. Asodziwo samayimitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zikuchepa mwachangu, chifukwa chofunikira ndikupeza chakudya chokoma.
Mlonda wa tambala
Chithunzi: Tambala wa nsomba ku Red Book
Oimira amtunduwu adalembedwa kale mu Red Book. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwakukulu kwa owimira mitunduyo ndi mtundu wawo wosazolowereka komanso mawonekedwe ake. Osatengera mtundu wamtundu womwe tikunena, amafunika kutetezedwa ku mayiko. Pachifukwa ichi, pali njira zingapo zomwe zimateteza nsomba kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi anthu. Ngati tikulankhula za tambala wanyanja, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa chifukwa cha kukoma. Nyama ya nsombayi ndi chakudya chokoma chodziwika bwino, chifukwa chake idakhala nsomba.
Mitundu yambiri imasowa m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, chifukwa imathera m'magulu azinsinsi. Poterepa, ntchito yayikulu yomwe amadziyikira okha ndikubzala mitundu yonse yatsopano kuti akwaniritse mitundu yokongola. Koma, choyamba, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo, hybrids samakhala motalika, ndipo, chachiwiri, zonsezi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa omwe akuyimira mitundu yakale. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala nsomba zocheperako komanso zochepa pamtundu wawo wapachiyambi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesetsa kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamatambala. Kugwira nsombazi ndikoletsedwa, monga kupha kapena kuwononga zina zilizonse. Komabe, izi sizikutsimikizira zotsatira zabwino. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuteteza nsomba kwa adani awo achilengedwe, komanso kuwapatsa malo okhala abwino. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyengo, madamu ambiri amauma, potero amalepheretsa tambala wanyumba zawo ndikuwapha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti kusunga chilengedwe ndi gawo lalikulu la anthu.
Mwachidule, ntchito zazikulu za anthu poteteza gulu la nsomba ndi:
- malire;
- kutetezedwa kwa malo osungiramo malo omwe amakhala oimira mitunduyo;
- kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, nsombazi zimakopa chidwi cha onse okhala m'madzi ndi asodzi.Ndikofunikira kuteteza mitundu yodabwitsa iyi kuti isunge chilengedwe, chifukwa ochepa mwa ena okhala pansi akuyerekezera ndi zolengedwa zapaderazi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/20/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.08.2019 pa 23:14
