Mbidzi kumaliza - kambalame kakang'ono kachilendo komwe kali ka banja lachimbudzi ndipo kamakhala m'gulu lalikulu la odutsa. Pakadali pano, mbalame za mbalame ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapezeka m'makontinenti onse a Dziko lapansi. Mbalame ndizodzichepetsa, zimamva bwino m'makola ndipo zimaswana mosavuta mukamangidwa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya subspecies motsatira ndondomeko ya mbalame, koma mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi zina zonse m'maonekedwe ndi machitidwe.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Zebra finch
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbalamezi zimafotokozedwa ndikugawidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, pomwe ofufuza adafika ku Australia, komwe kumakhala mbalame zazimbuzi. Koma mwachilengedwe, mbalame zazimbudzi, monga mtundu, zidapangidwa zaka masauzande angapo zapitazo ndipo zasinthiratu nyengo youma yamtchire ku Australia. Zotsalira zakale za mbalamezi zidayamba m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC, ndipo ngakhale munthawi yakutali imeneyo, mbalamezi zimawoneka chimodzimodzi monga momwe zilili masiku ano.
Kanema: Zebra Finch
Kutengera kukula ndi kulemera kwake, mbalame zazing'ono ndi mbalame zazing'ono, koposa zonse zikufanana ndi mpheta wamba waku Russia. Komabe, mbalame za mbidzi zili ndi mbali zingapo zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina zamtunduwu.
Ndi:
- kukula kwa mbidzi sikudutsa masentimita 12;
- kulemera pafupifupi 12-15 magalamu;
- mapiko a pafupifupi masentimita 15;
- mbalame zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 10, koma m'malo abwino zimatha kukhala zaka 15;
- mutu wawung'ono wozungulira;
- mlomo wawung'ono koma wakuda. Mwa amuna ndi mtundu wowala wamiyala, mwa akazi ndi lalanje;
- miyendo ndi yaying'ono, yabwino kukhala pamitengo yamitengo;
- Nthenga za mbidzi zimakhala zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu 5-6.
Mbalame zamtundu uwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusangalala kwake komanso kukonda moyo. Ma trills awo owoneka bwino komanso okongoletsa amatha kusangalatsa aliyense. Nthenga za mbidzi ndizolimba, nthenga ndi zazifupi komanso zolimbanitsidwa mwamphamvu ku thupi. Masaya a mbalameyi ndi mtundu wa mabokosi okucha, koma chifuwa ndi khosi zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofanana ndi mbidzi. Monga lamulo, mimba ya finch ndi yoyera, ndipo mapapo ake ndi otumbululuka lalanje.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mbidzi imawonekera
Zinsomba za Zebra zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri m'banja lopitilira. Maonekedwe awo amatengera osati subspecies yomwe amakhala, komanso dera lomwe akukhalamo. Mbalame za Zebra zimagawika m'magulu awiri: kumtunda ndi chilumba. Mbalame zam'madzi zimakhala ku Australia konse kupatula madera akutali kwambiri komanso ouma a kontinentiyo, komwe kulibe madzi.
Mbalame za mbidzi za pachilumba zimakhala pafupifupi kuzilumba zonse za Sunda. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, mbalamezo zinafika kumeneko, zitayenda mosadukiza makilomita mazana angapo kuchokera ku Australia. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, adabweretsedwamo ndi oyenda panyanja akale ndipo kwazaka mazana ambiri adazolowera kukhala kuzilumba zazing'ono, zosowa. Mbalame zodziwika bwino za mbidzi zimakhala pazilumba za Timor, Sumba ndi Flores.
Mwakuwoneka kwake, mbalame zazimbudzi zimakumbutsa kwambiri mpheta yamitundu yowala kwambiri. Ndipo ngati msana, mutu ndi khosi zili phulusa kapena imvi, ndiye kuti masayawo ali ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri ndipo amaonekera bwino kwambiri pa nthenga za imvi. Nthenga zoyera pamimba zimapatsa mbalameyo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola komanso yokongola.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma subspecies omwe amakhala ndi mainland amasiyanasiyana wina ndi mnzake. Mbalame zam'midzi ku Mainland ndizokulirapo, zimakhala m'magulu akulu (mpaka anthu 500) ndipo zimatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa masiku angapo. Komanso, okhala kuzilumba ndizocheperako, amakhala m'magulu a anthu 20-30 ndipo amakhala ozindikira kwambiri kusowa kwa madzi.
Zakhala zikuyesedwa kuti kuyesa mtundu wa mbalame kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi mawonekedwe ake. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zomwe nthenga zake zimakhala zofiira zimakhala ndi mkangano ndipo nthawi zambiri zimamenya nkhondo. Komanso, mbalame zokhala ndi mbalame zakuda zimachita chidwi kwambiri. Ndiwo oyamba kuwuluka kupita kwa odyetserako komanso oyamba kupita kukafufuza madera atsopano.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chiwerengero cha mbalame zam'makontinenti ndi zilumba pafupifupi 80% / 20%. Mbalame zam'midzi za ku Mainland ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zimakonda kuweta kunyumba. Zinsomba zazilumba zimawoneka ngati zosowa ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimapezeka pakati pa omwe amayang'ana mbalame. Mutha kungowawona mukamapita kuzilumba za Sunda.
Kodi mbidzi zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbidzi zachilengedwe
Ngakhale amawoneka okongola komanso owoneka bwino, mbidzi za mbidzi ndizolimba komanso zopanda ulemu. Amakonda kusanja pazidikha zazikulu ndi mitengo yocheperako, kunja kwa nkhalango zazikulu komanso kuthengo la Australia, lodzala ndi zitsamba zazitali.
Chofunikira pakumangirira mbidzi kumaliza ndi kupezeka kwa madzi. Mbalame ziyenera kukhala ndi madzi osavuta, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena nyanjayi. Mbalame zimatha kupirira kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwamatenthedwe (kuyambira + 15 mpaka +40), koma zimangofa nthawi yomweyo kutentha kotentha pansi pa +10 digiri Celsius. Chofunikira china chamoyo amadin ndi nyengo yotentha.
Mbalame zimatha kukhala ndi moyo masiku 5-7 popanda madzi, ndipo zimatha kumwa madzi amchere kwambiri popanda kuwononga thanzi. Pokhala pazilumba zazing'ono, mbalame zazinyama zimakonda kukhazikika kunyanja, chifukwa kamphepo kayaziyazi kamateteza mbalame kuuluka bwino. Amakhala mkatikati mwa zilumba, pafupi ndi magwero amadzi. Mbalame za pachilumba ndizolimba kwambiri kuposa abale awo aku mainland, koma zimatha kukhalanso masiku angapo opanda chinyezi.
M'zaka za m'ma 1900, mbalame zinauzidwa ku California ndi ku Portugal, komwe zinazika mizu bwino ndikusinthasintha nyengo. M'zizolowezi zawo, sizimasiyana ndi mbidzi zakutchire kumtunda, ndipo sizinakhalebe zazing'ono.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mbidzi imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mbalame iyi imadya.
Kodi mbidzi imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mbalame zazimuna ziwiri
Mwachilengedwe, mbidzi ya mbidzi imadyetsa makamaka mbewu za mbewu kapena chimanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti apeze chakudya, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu (mpaka zidutswa 100) ndikuwulukira kumalo osodza. Kuphatikiza apo, monga chowonjezera mchere, mbalame zimadya mchenga ngakhale miyala ing'onoing'ono, yomwe imalimbikitsa kugaya koyenera ndikuthandizira kugaya mbewu zolimba.
Ndiyenera kunena kuti mwachilengedwe, chakudya cha mbidzi chimakhala chochepa kwambiri ndipo mbalame zimadya chimodzimodzi moyo wawo wonse. Ndikoyenera kudziwa makamaka kuti ngakhale nthawi yokwanira, mbalame sizidyetsa tizilombo ndipo sizikusowa zowonjezera zama protein. Koma m'nyumba, zakudya za mbidzi ndizolemera kwambiri. Kwenikweni, izi zikufotokozera kuti m'malo osungidwa mu khola, mbalame zimakhala nthawi yayitali 1.5-2.
Mutha kudyetsa mbalame zazimbudzi:
- zosakaniza zapadera za mbalame zosowa (zomwe zimaphatikizapo mapira);
- chakudya chofewa chomwe mbalame sizimalandira kuthengo. Makamaka, mutha kupereka kanyumba kanyumba wofewa, zidutswa za mazira owiritsa komanso mpunga wowiritsa;
- masamba (nkhaka kapena zukini);
- nyemba zakuda zakuda.
Mchere uyenera kupezeka pamndandanda wa mbidzi. Mutha kugula mavitamini apadera, omwe ali ndi zowonjezera mavitamini, kapena mutha kupatsa mbalame mahells kapena choko cha calcined kawiri pa sabata.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbidzi yomaliza ndi mbalame yolusa kwambiri. M'chilengedwe, chakudya chimakhala chochepa, ndipo kunyumba, mbalame iyenera kukhala yoperewera pazakudya. Ndikofunika kudyetsa kawiri patsiku ndikutsata kukula kwa gawo. Kupanda kutero, mbalameyo imayamba kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lake momvetsa chisoni kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbidzi yamphongo yamphongo
Mbidzi za mbidzi zimakhala zokondwa komanso zosangalatsa. Amakhala osakhazikika, osakhazikika ndipo amatha kudumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita kunthambi kangapo pamphindi. Chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamtunduwu ndikuti mbalame za mbidzi zimaphunzitsa mbalame. Ngakhale mu ukapolo, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi mbalame zosachepera 4 za mbidzi, popeza mbalame ziwiri (ndipo ngakhale zochulukirapo) zidzakhala zachisoni komanso zotopetsa.
Ngakhale zili ndi chidwi chachilengedwe komanso kukonda moyo, mbidzi zazinyama zimapewa anthu. Ngakhale nkhuku, zobadwa ndikuleredwa mu ukapolo, zimapanikizika munthu akazitola. Obereketsa odziwa zambiri samalimbikitsa kukoka mbalame nthawi zambiri, chifukwa mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mantha nthawi yomweyo.
Ngakhale kuti mbalame zimakhala m'magulu akulu, zimawuluka kukasaka m'magulu osiyana a 20-30. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi madera osiyanasiyana momwe zimasonkhanitsira tirigu ndi chimanga, ndipo maderawa samadutsana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngakhale kuti mbalame zimakhala m’magulu akuluakulu, zimadziwana bwino kwambiri. Ndipo ngati mbalame ya wina ikuyesa kuyenda pakati pa mbalame zina, imangoikankhira kunja osayilola kuti igone.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nthawi yomwe mbalame zimagona usiku, pomwe anthu angapo amakhala usiku panthambi yomweyo pafupi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbidzi yachikazi ya mbidzi
Kumtchire, mbalame zazimbalangondo sizikhala ndi nyengo yake yoswana. Mbalame zimatha kukwerana kangapo pachaka, ndipo nyengo yokhazikika imadalira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Mitsinje ndi malo osungiramo madzi ochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri mbalame zazing'ono zimaswa anapiye.
Kutha msinkhu kumayambira kumapeto kwa mbidzi kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pamsinkhu uwu, mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri komanso yokonzekera masewera olowerera ndikuikira mazira.
Wamwamuna amakopa mkaziyo ndi ma trous sonorous, ndipo amayambira kudumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita kunthambi kwanthawi yayitali, ndikupatsa mwayi woti adzigone yekha. Ngati mkaziyo avomereza chibwenzi kuchokera kwa wamwamuna, ndiye kuti amayamba kumanga chisa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Olonda mbalame apeza kuti mbalame zazimuna zimayenera kusankha zibwenzi. Mukayesa kuwoloka awiriawiri, kuwasunga kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti amanga chisa, ndipo chachikazi chidzaikira mazira, koma atangobereka anapiyewo, makolo sadzasangalalanso nawo. Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chosakanikirana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Zimatenga pafupifupi sabata kuti apange chisa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe abotolo ndipo nthawi zambiri imamangidwa kuchokera kuudzu wouma ndi timitengo tating'ono. Chisa chimakhala ndi nthenga zofewa kuchokera mkati. Kuchuluka kwa mazira pachisa kumadaliranso nyengo. Ngati pali chinyezi chokwanira, amaikira mazira okwanira 8 pamaso pa mbalamezo, ndipo ngati kuli nyengo youma, sipadzakhala mazira opitilira 3-4. Kutulutsa mazira kumatenga masiku 12-14.
Anapiye amabadwa opanda fluff ndi nthenga, komanso akhungu. Makolo amawadyetsa mosinthana, kubweretsa chakudya mkamwa mwawo. Komabe, patatha masiku 20-25 anapiyewo amatuluka mchisa, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi wina amakhala okonzeka kwathunthu kukhala achikulire. Mbalame za Zebra zimadziwika ndi kusasitsa mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo pofika mwezi wachisanu wa moyo, anapiye samasiyana ndi akulu, ndipo pakatha miyezi 6 amakhala okonzeka kukhala ndi ana awo.
Adani achilengedwe a mbidzi amaliza
Chithunzi: Momwe mbidzi imawonekera
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimakhala ndi adani okwanira. Ngakhale kuti ku Australia kulibe nyama zambiri zolusa, mbalame zambiri zimafa zisanathe chaka.
Adani akulu a mbalame:
- njoka zazikulu;
- abuluzi odyetsa;
- odyetsa nthenga zazikulu.
Buluzi ndi njoka zimawononga kwambiri zokopa za mbalame. Zamoyozi zimatha kukwera mitengo ndipo zimatha kufika mosavuta kumene kuli chisa cha mbalamecho. Mbalame za Zebra sizingateteze chisa chake motero nyama zolusa zimadya mazira osalangidwa.
Koma mbalame zodya (makoko, gyrfalcones) zimasakanso achikulire. Mbalame za mbidzi zimauluka m'magulu, ndipo nyama zodya mapiko zomwe zimathamanga kwambiri zimatha kugwira mbalame zazing'ono, ngakhale zili zazing'ono komanso zothamanga mlengalenga.
Nyerere zazikulu zofiira zomwe zimapezeka ku Australia zikhozanso kuvulaza mbalame. Kukula kwa nyerere zofiira ku Australia ndikuti zimatha kunyamula mazira awo kupita kuchisa kapena kuluma pachikopa chake. Amphaka amathanso kusaka mbalame ndikuwononga ziphuphu. Izi zimachitika ngati mbalame zimapanga zisa pafupi kwambiri ndi nyumba ya munthu.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, ntchito yomanga yayambika ku Australia, ndipo nyumba zatsopano zikumangidwa m'mabwalo a mizinda ikuluikulu, m'malo omwe mbalame zazinyama zimakhazikika nthawi zonse. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mbalame zisamukire kumtunda, kupita kumadera ouma kwambiri ku Australia.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Zebra finch
Chiwerengero cha mbalame zazinyama chimadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ku Australia, ndipo akatswiri odziwa za mbalame samaneneratu kuchepa kwake posachedwa. Kumapeto kwa 2017, pafupifupi anthu 2 miliyoni amakhala ku Australia kokha. Kwa anthu aku Australia, mbalame za mbidzi ndizofala komanso zodziwika bwino ngati mpheta zaimvi ku Russia ndipo sizimadzutsa chidwi chilichonse.
Ngakhale adani ambiri achilengedwe, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi chonde kwambiri ndipo zimatha kubereka ana anayi pachaka, zomwe zimathandizira kutayika kwachilengedwe kwa anthu. Zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri ndi mbalame za mbidzi zapachilumba. Pali zocheperako, ndipo ndi olimba pang'ono, koma nawonso sawopsezedwa kuti atha. Malinga ndi asayansi, pafupifupi mbalame zikwi 100 miliyoni zimakhala pazilumba za Sunda.
Komanso, musaiwale kuti zinsomba za mbidzi zimakula bwino ku California, Puerto Rico ndi Portugal. Mbalame zambiri zimakhala kumeneko, ndipo zimamverera bwino m'malo atsopano.
Kuphatikiza apo, Mbidzi kumaliza amamva bwino mu ukapolo, amasudzulana mosavuta mu nyumba wamba yamzinda, kenako ndikusintha bwino kuthengo. Ngati zingawopseze pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumatha kuleredwa mwachangu m'malo opangira ndikutulutsidwa kuthengo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/19/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.08.2019 pa 21:05
