Lakedra - nsomba zochokera kubanja la mahatchi a mackerel, zokhudzana ndi nsomba zamalonda, makamaka zambiri zimadyedwa ku Japan, komwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi kutentha kwake, nsomba zambiri zomwe zimapita kukasungira mashelufu zimakula mwanzeru, chifukwa chake kuwonongeka kwa anthu ochepa kumakhala kotsika.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Lakedra
Zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zomwe zimafanana ndi nsomba ndipo zimawerengedwa ngati makolo awo zidakhala padzikoli zaka zoposa 530 miliyoni zapitazo. Chodziwika kwambiri pagulu lanyama zopanda mbewa ndi pikaya: kanyama kakang'ono kwambiri (2-3 cm) komwe sikadafane ndi nsomba ndikusunthira m'madzi, kupindika thupi longa nyongolotsi.
Kapena pikaya, kapena zolengedwa zina zofananira zitha kukhala makolo a nsomba osati zokha, koma onse okhala ndi zinyama. Mwa omwe alibe jawaya, ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka nsomba zamakono, otchuka kwambiri ndi ma conodonts. Ili ndi gulu losiyanasiyana la proto-fish, laling'ono kwambiri mwa iwo limakula mpaka masentimita awiri okha, ndipo lalikulu kwambiri - mpaka mamita 2. Iwo adapeza exoskeleton.
Kanema: Lakedra
Anali ma conodonts omwe adakhala makolo a nsagwada, ndipo mawonekedwe a nsagwada anali kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri pakati pa nsomba yoyamba ndi makolo awo. Anali ndi ma placoderms omwe amakhala padziko lapansi nthawi ya Silurian. Munthawi imeneyi, komanso nthawi ziwiri zotsatira, nsomba zidakwanitsa kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yambiri ndikuyamba kulamulira nyanja zapadziko lapansi.
Koma mitundu yambiri yakaleyi idazimiririka koyambirira kwa nthawi ya Mesozoic, ndipo enawo kumapeto kwake. Iwo anasinthidwa ndi mitundu yatsopano, ndipo ina mwa iyo ikadalipo. Komabe, banja la mahatchi a mackerel, omwe ndi lakedra, linawonekera pambuyo pake: kutha kwa Cretaceous-Paleogene, komwe kudakhala chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano. Ma lacedras nawonso adawoneka pakati pa oyamba m'banja, koyambirira kwa Eocene, zaka 55 miliyoni zapitazo. Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa ndi K. Temminck ndi G. Schlegel mu 1845, ndipo adatchedwa Seriola quinqueradiata m'Chilatini.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe Lacedra amawonekera
Lakedra ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, momwe ingathere imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 150 ndikufika pakulemera 40 kg, koma kwakukulukulu zitsanzo zolemera 5-8 kg zimagwidwa. Thupi lake limakhala lofanana ndi torpedo, lopanikizika kuchokera mbali. Nsombazo zimakhala ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, ndipo mutu wake umaloza pang'ono.
Mtundu wa nsombayo ndiwasiliva wokhala ndi mtundu wabuluu. Kumbuyo kumakhala kofiyira pang'ono ndipo zipsepse ndi za azitona kapena zachikasu. Mzere wachikaso wosiyanitsa bwino umadutsa pafupifupi thupi lonse, kuyambira pamphuno.
Muthanso kusiyanitsa lacedra ndi nsomba zina ndi zipsepse zake. Poyamba, kunyezimira kwake kumakhala kofupikirapo komanso kothwanima, kuli 5-6 yokha, ndipo yonse yolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Pali munga pamaso pake. Chomaliza chachiwiri chimakhala ndi kuwala kwambiri - 19-26, ndipo ndi ofewa. Kutalika kwazitali kumatenga kunyezimira pang'ono pang'ono komanso kunyezimira kofewa.
Chofunika kwambiri cha lakedra kwa anthu ndikuti nyama yake ndi yokoma kwambiri, monga tuna. Ndi mtundu wobiriwira, utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano (a ku Japan amapanga sashimi, sushi ndi mbale zina kuchokera pamenepo), ndikusinthidwa. Zimakhala zopepuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Lachedra yambiri yogulitsa imalimidwa mu ukapolo, ndipo nyama ya nsomba zamtchire imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa chakudya chake chimasiyanasiyana ndipo chimakoma kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa nsomba zomwe zagwidwa m'nyanja ndi nsomba zowetedwa zitha kufika nthawi 7-10.
Kodi lacedra amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Lakedra pansi pamadzi
Mitunduyi imafalikira pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Asia komanso kum'mawa, munyanja yotseguka.
Malo omwe amapezeka ndi nsomba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupi:
- Japan;
- China;
- Korea;
- Taiwan;
- Primorye;
- Sakhalin;
- Zilumba za Kuril.
Lakedra amasamuka mwachangu, koma nthawi zambiri amayenda maulendo ataliatali. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa anthu, njira zosamukira zimasiyana. Yaikulu kwambiri kapena, mulimonsemo, anthu osodza mwachangu amabala ku East China Sea, koma kuchokera kumeneko, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zazing'ono zimasambira kulowera kumpoto.
Kenako amakhala zaka zoyambirira za moyo wawo pafupi ndi chilumba cha Hokkaido. M'nyengo yotentha, madzi akatentha, lakedra imayandama kumpoto, mpaka kugombe la Sakhalin ndi Primorye. M'nyengo yozizira imabwerera kugombe la Hokkaido - nsomba iyi ndiyotentha kwambiri. Pakusamuka, amatsata nsomba zazikulu, zomwe zimadya ngati ma anchovies kapena sardines. Kusamuka koteroko kumapitilira kwa zaka zingapo, pofika zaka 3-5, lakedra amasambira kumwera, kugombe la Honshu ndi Korea, ena amasambira kumwera, koma ali ndi nsomba zambiri.
Kuphatikiza pakusunthika kwakanthawi, mphukira za lakedra nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi, zimangoyenda pambuyo pasukulu zazing'ono zazing'ono ndikudya panjira. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri amagwidwa akamawedza nsomba zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi mackerels kapena anchovies monga by-catch, lacedra yambiri yomwe idawatsata imagwidwa.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene lacedra amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nsomba iyi idya.
Kodi Lacedra amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nsomba lacedra
Ma lacedras obadwa kumene okha ndi omwe amadya plankton, ndiye, akukula, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kudya nyama zambiri. Pazakudya, nsomba iyi singatchulidwe yosasankhidwa: titha kunena kuti imadya nyama iliyonse yomwe imatha kudya ndikudya. Nsomba zazikulu, zikukula kukula kwambiri, zimatha kudya nyama zosiyanasiyana, makamaka nsomba zazing'ono - ndipo zimachita bwino.
Mwa omwe amachitidwa nkhanza kwambiri ndi nsomba iyi:
- sadini;
- hering'i;
- anangula;
- juveniles ndi caviar wa nsomba zosiyanasiyana.
Lacedrus amasaka m'matumba, ozungulira sukulu yodya nyama kuchokera mbali zonse ndipo pang'onopang'ono amafinya mpheteyo. Pothawa iwo, nsomba zing'onozing'ono zimayesera kufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri zimadumphira m'madzi - kuchokera pamwamba komanso patali zitha kuwoneka ngati madzi akutentha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zadumpha. Ntchitoyi imakopa chidwi cha mbalame zodya nyama, zomwe zimabweretsa chisokonezo: zimadumphira m'madzi ndikuyesera kugwira nsomba zodumpha. Nthawi zina anthu, powona kudzikundikira kotere, amapita kukawedza kumeneko - kuti lacedra isanduke nyama.
Mu ukapolo, lachedra amadyetsedwa ndi chisakanizo cha nyama kuchokera ku mitundu yotsika mtengo ya nsomba. Amalandira mavitamini ofunikira ndipo amakula mwachangu pazakudya zotere - kuphweka ndi kufulumira kwakukula kwapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazomera zazikulu ku Japan.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ndi kuswana kopangira, mwachangu amakhala m'makola apadera malinga ndi nthawi yomwe amawoneka, chifukwa chake zazikuluzikulu sizingadye zazing'ono - ndipo ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakufa kwa nsomba zomwe zabadwa kumene. Kuphatikiza apo, sawopsezedwa ndi zilombo zilizonse - chifukwa chake nsomba zochulukirapo makumi khumi zimapulumuka mpaka kukhala achikulire.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lakedra
Lakedra amatsogolera moyo womwewo monga nsomba zina zambiri zomwe zimachokera ku horse mackerel. Nsomba iyi imakhala m'magulu akulu: ndizosavuta kusaka motere. Sukuluyo sikhala malo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, imangoyenda mosakafuna masukulu a nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zitha kudyedwa, kapena kutsatira sukulu ngati imeneyi.
Amasambira msanga, amatha pafupifupi nsomba iliyonse yomwe ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kolimba ndi mawonekedwe amthupi, imadula madzi bwino, chifukwa chake imasaka makamaka bwino m'matope amadzi, ikuchepetsa nsomba zazing'ono. Ili ndi chikhodzodzo, kotero imatha kusambira mpaka kunyanja.
Koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi gombe, makamaka, pali mwayi waukulu kuti zidzatheka kuipeza osasambira kunyanja, nthawi zina ngakhale kufupi ndi gombe, m'mawa. Lakedra panthawiyi nthawi zambiri amasambira pafupi kwambiri ndi zisoti ndi zilumba posaka nyama. Amawawedza m'mawa.
Nthawi zina lacedra amawerengedwa molakwika ngati nsomba ya tuna, chifukwa imafanana ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi machitidwe ake, ndipo imadyetsa makamaka nsomba yomweyo - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kupezeka m'malo omwewo. Koma tuna lachedra si abale apafupi. Mutha kusiyanitsa tuna ndi zipsepse zooneka ngati zenga: lakedra ilibe. Nsombazi sizikhala motalika, zaka 10-12, munthu yemwe wakhala zaka 15 amawerengedwa kuti ndi chiwindi chachitali, ndipo alipo ochepa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Yellowtail Lacedra
Pofika zaka 3-5, lakedra imakhala yokhwima pogonana ndikupita koyambirira - kenako imabwerezedwa pachaka. Kubzala kumayamba mu Meyi-Juni ndipo kumatha mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe: kuti zizitha, nsomba zimafunikira madzi ofunda ndi nyengo yabwino, kuti ntchitoyi itenge nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, lakedra imapita kumwera kwenikweni kwake kuti ikayikire mazira: kuzilumba zaku Japan za Kyushu ndi Shikoku, komanso gombe la South Korea. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti imangopita kunyanja komwe kumatsuka maderawa, koma mpaka kugombe komwe: akazi amabereka patali mtunda wamamita 100-250 kuchokera pagombe molowera kumadzi.
Pakadali pano pali amuna pafupi, amatulutsa mkaka, motero potulutsa mazira. Mazirawo ndi ang'ono kwambiri, osakwana millimeter, koma mkazi aliyense amatulutsa mazanamazana mwa iwo osafa. Sikuti onse amakhala ndi umuna - mazira otsala opanda fetereza amakhala chakudya cha iwo omwe ali ndi mwayi.
Komabe, zoberekedwazo zimadyedwanso ndi mwachangu zomwe zidaswa kale: kusanganikirana kwa mazira kumatha pafupifupi miyezi 3.5-4, chifukwa chake, ngati akazi awiri atha kubala pafupi malo omwewo, mwachangu omwe adawonekera koyambirira amangodya mazira onse a mkazi wachiwiri. Mwachangu amakhala m'mbali yamadzi, koma pafupi ndi gombe, osayenda kutali ndi komwe adabadwira. Amadyetsa osati caviar ndi plankton, komanso wina ndi mnzake - okhawo olimba kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri amapulumuka, makamaka popeza amayenera kuthawa nyama zambiri. Amadyanso ndere zambiri.
Kuyambira masiku oyambilira amawoneka ngati nsomba yayikulu, poyamba amakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo amayamba kukhala nyama zowopsa zowopsa: amawonetsa zizolowezi zoyambira m'masiku oyamba amoyo. Ndi kuswana kopanga mpaka kulemera kwa makilogalamu 3-5, amakula mchaka chimodzi, m'malo achilengedwe amatenga nthawi yochulukirapo - koma kulemera kwake kwakukulu ndikokwera.
Adani achilengedwe a Lacedrus
Chithunzi: Nsomba lacedra
Pali zoopseza zochepa m'nyanja: ndizazikulu kwambiri kuti zisakhale nyama zankhondo zam'madzi. Chachikulu kwambiri ndi nsombazi, zilipo zingapo kunyanja komwe kumakhala ma lacras, ndipo amadya chilichonse chomwe chimangowoneka, ndipo amakonda nsomba zazikulu.
Ngakhale izi, ngati lacedra yakwanitsa kukula, mwayi wake wokhala ndi moyo nthawi zonse ndikumwalira chifukwa cha ukalamba ukuwonjezeka kwambiri, popeza zomwe zimawopseza achinyamata ndizazikulu kwambiri: amasangalatsidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu komanso mbalame. Ndipo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala zochepa, m'pamenenso nyama zolusa zimawaopseza.
Chifukwa chake, mwachangu ndi mazira amafa koposa zonse. Izi ndi zina zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zodya nyama - makamaka zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono, zina mwachangu, kuphatikiza abale, akulu a lakedra. Mitundu yambiri yomwe imakhala nyama ya lakedra wamkulu imadya mwachangu ndi caviar - mwachitsanzo, hering'i ndi sardine.
Chifukwa cha izi zonse, ndimazira ochepa kwambiri omwe amabwera atakhala nsomba zazikulu. Pambuyo pake, mdani wawo wamkulu adzakhala anthu omwe adzagwira nsomba iyi mwachangu; ngakhale zambiri za lachedra zogulitsidwa m'masitolo zimakula mwamphamvu, ndipo sizigwidwa konse.
Pali zoopseza zochepa kwa iye mu ukapolo, chifukwa amatetezedwa molondola kwa adani. Komabe, zowopsezazi zilipo: awa ndi majeremusi ndi matenda, makamaka, matenda a bakiteriya - vibriosis ndiowopsa. Ziwopsezozi zimapezekanso m'malo okhala nsomba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ku Japan, anthu amaganiza kuti munthu amakalamba pa New Years. Izi zidakondweretsedwa ndi mbale yansomba yotchedwa toshitori zakana. Ngati kum'mawa kwa Japan nsomba zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pachakudyachi, ndiye kuti kumadzulo kwa Japan. Mwambo uwu wasungidwa m'masiku ano.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe Lacedra amawonekera
Palibe chomwe chimawopseza anthu okhala ndi lacedra: ngakhale pali nsomba zambiri, mavoliyumu ake adatsika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti nsomba zambiri zimakula mwanzeru. Ndipo ngakhale m'zaka zomwe nsomba zinafika pachimake, panalibe kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu.
Nsomba yayikulu kwambiri imapezeka ku East China Sea kugombe la Japan ndi Korea. Chiwerengero cha lakedra ndi chokhazikika, chimachepa makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'malo okhala nsomba. Palibe chidziwitso chochepa cha kuchuluka kwa nsombazi m'madzi akuya a Pacific Ocean, komwe sichigwira konse.
Lakedra imagwidwa makamaka patali pang'ono kuchokera kugombe, nsomba zonse m'maiko onse zimafikira matani masauzande angapo pachaka, zambiri zimagwera pazombo zaku Japan. M'mbuyomu zaka zingapo nsomba zidafika matani 130-180 zikwi.
Amakulitsa mwanzeru m'makola onse komanso madera okhala kunyanja. Gawo lalikulu la minda ya nsomba yomwe imalima lachedra imagwera ku Japan ndi Korea, ndipo kupanga kwawo konsekuku kumafika matani zikwi 150 pachaka. Ntchito ku China ndi ku Taiwan zikuyenda bwino, pomwe zinthu ndizoyeneranso.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Achijapani abwera ndi mayina ambiri pa nsombayi - amasiyana kutengera dera komanso zaka lakedra. Chifukwa chake, kum'mawa, ku Kanto, chisankho chaching'ono kwambiri chimatchedwa wakashi, wachikulire pang'ono - inada, kenako varas, wamkulu - mikuntho.
Kumadzulo, ku Kansai, mainawo ndi osiyana kwambiri - tsubasu, hamachi ndi mejiro, komaliza kokha kumagwirizana - mkuntho. Akuluakulu omwe amapezeka m'nyengo yozizira amatchedwa kan-buri ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amamva bwino nthawi iliyonse matalala atagwa.
Lakedra - imodzi mwamitundu yosowa ya nsomba yomwe imavutika chifukwa cha kusodza mwachangu, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kwambiri kubereketsa mu ukapolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri. Ku Japan ndi Korea, ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, ndipo makamaka, ponena za kukoma, ndi wofanana ndi mitundu ina yokoma, koma yowopsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, nsomba.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/19/2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.08.2019 pa 23:01
