Nsomba zamatchire

Nsomba zamatchire (Anarhichas lupus), yemwe amakhala makamaka m'madzi ozizira, samawoneka okongola. Zimakhala zovuta kukumana naye (ngakhale nyengo yotentha pamwamba pa 100-150 mita, samayandama). Koma msonkhano ndi zamoyo zoterezi ukhoza kukumbukiridwa kwa nthawi yayitali (makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akunja a nsomba).

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Nsomba za Catfish

Catfish (yotanthauziridwa ku Latin - Anarhichadidae) ndi am'banja lomwe lidayatsidwa ndi ray. Oimira oyamba m'gululi ndi a nthawi ya Silurian. Kupeza kakale kwambiri pamtundu uwu wa nsomba kuli zaka 420 miliyoni. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray ndi sikelo ya ganoid zinali zofala. Pafupifupi zaka 200 miliyoni zapitazo, adasinthidwa ndi anthu amphaka (omwe nsomba zambiri zamasiku ano ndi pafupifupi 95%).

Kanema: Nsomba

Chomwe chimasiyanitsa anthu opukutidwa ndi ray ndi kupezeka kwa msana. Khungu limatha kukhala lamaliseche kapena lokutidwa (ndimiyeso kapena mbale zamafupa). Kapangidwe ka thupi ndiyabwino kwambiri. Pakusintha komwe kudachitika, nthumwi zoyeserera ndi ray zidagawika m'makalasi ambiri. Tsopano amakhala m'madzi onse apadziko lapansi (abwino komanso nyanja). Catfish imaphatikizidwa mgulu la zinkhanira (gulu ili lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 2 zikwi).

Makhalidwe ofunikira a gululi ndi awa:

• malo okhala - madzi osaya / kunyanja (oyimira 60 okha amadzi oyera);
• chakudya - makamaka kuyamwa kwa nkhanu (kudyetsa nsomba zazing'ono sizofala);
• mawonekedwe apadera akunja - zipsepse zakuzungulira (caudal ndi pectoral), mitu yazingwe;
• kukula - kuchokera 2 mpaka 150 cm.

The suborder of scorpion-like, of the catfish's belong, is called eelpout (dzina lapadziko lonse lapansi - Zoarcoidei). Oyimira ake onse amadziwika ndi thupi lokhala ngati riboni, zipsepse zazitali komanso kupezeka kwa nthiti yamkati. Catfish nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Sea Wolf" kapena "Sea Dog". Ichi ndi chifukwa mtundu ndi nsagwada, amene tikambirana pansipa.

Amagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

• wamba (milozo). Chosiyanitsa ndi kupezeka kwa ziphuphu za tubercular ndi kukula pang'ono pang'ono;
• wa mawanga. Oimira gululi ndi akulu pakati pa nsomba zamtambo ndi zamizeremizere. Chodziwika chawo chimakhala m'mano osatukuka kwambiri;
• buluu. Mtundu wa nsomba zoterezi ndi pafupifupi yunifolomu, mdima. Ali ndi mano otukuka kwambiri;
• kum'mawa kwambiri. Mbali yapadera ndi kuchuluka kwa mafupa a msana ndi mano olimba;
• chakudya. Amasiyana ndi nthumwi zina za thupi lokulirapo komanso kuwala kwakukulu m'zipsepse.

Chosangalatsa: Catfish nthawi zambiri amakhala mgulu lanyanja. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osawoneka bwino a nsomba zina za nkhandwe.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Nsomba zam'madzi m'madzi

Sitinganene kuti nsombazi zimakhala mwanjira yapadera kapena ndizoopsa kwambiri. Mbali yawo yayikulu, yomwe ndi yodabwitsa komanso yodabwitsa, ndi mawonekedwe awo. Chilengedwe chapatsa nsomba izi mtundu wosazolowereka komanso nsagwada zosasinthasintha.

Makhalidwe akulu a thupi la mphaka ndi awa:

• thupi: Thupi la catfish limakhala lalitali ndipo kenako limapanikizika. Amakulitsa kumutu. Thupi limalowera kumchira. Mimba imagwedezeka. Zomaliza zimayamba pafupifupi kuchokera kumutu. Ndi wamtali kwambiri ndipo amafika pafupifupi kumapeto kwa caudal. Zipsepse zonse ndizozungulira;
• Mtundu: Mtundu wansombazo ndi wachikasu komanso wabuluu. Ikuphatikizidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa (mpaka zidutswa 15), kutembenukira kumapeto. Mikwingwirima yotere imapangidwa kuchokera kumiyala yaying'ono kwambiri yamdima;
• nsagwada: Ndi mano omwe amasiyanitsa nsombazi. Pakamwa pa anthuwa pamakhala mano olimba komanso amphamvu. Mbali yakutsogolo ya nsagwada kuli zitoliro zakuthwa zazikulu zazikulu - mbali zowopsa kwambiri za nsagwada. Amatikumbutsa pang'ono za mano agalu. Kumbuyo kwawo kuli mano opunduka, osawopsa kwenikweni. Zinali zinthu izi za nsagwada zomwe zidakhala chifukwa cha dzina ili.

Chosangalatsa: Zinyama zazikulu za catfish sizimapangidwira kusaka nsomba. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikuchepetsa kukoka kwa nkhono pamwala. Mano amasintha nyengo iliyonse. Pakusintha kwawo, nsombazi zimadya kapena kudyetsa zakudya zazing'ono (zopanda zipolopolo), zomwe zimatha kumeza.

Kukula kwake kwa mphaka kumadalira msinkhu wake komanso malo ake. Kutalika kwa nsomba kumakhala masentimita 30 mpaka 70. Komanso, kulemera kwawo sikupitilira 4-8 kg. Komabe, m'mphepete mwa Canada, munalinso oimira gulu la nkhandwe mita 1.5 kutalika. Anthu okhala m'madzi amenewa anali olemera pafupifupi 14 kg. Kulemera kwa nsomba zakale kumatha kufikira zazikulu (mpaka 30 kg). Koma ndi makulidwe oterewa, nsomba zazing'onoting'ono sizimakonda kusambira pafupi ndi gombe. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zaka 20.

Kodi catfish amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Catfish ku Russia

Nsomba za mano zimakonda kukhala m'madzi ozizira komanso otsika. Amapezeka makamaka m'matupi amadzi am'nyanja. Amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Monga lamulo, nsombazi zimakonda "kukhala pansi" pansi pa nyanja / nyanja.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha oimira kalasi iyi adapezeka m'malo awa:

• Nyanja Yakumpoto;
• Kola Peninsula (kumpoto kwa madzi ake);
• Kola ndi Motovskaya malo;
• Spitsbergen (kumadzulo kwa gombe lake);
• North America (makamaka madzi a Atlantic);
• Zilumba za Faroe;
• Chilumba cha Bear;
• Nyanja ya White ndi Barents (madera awo akuya kwambiri).

Nsombazi zimakonda nyanja yamchere. Amabisala ndendende, pomwe kuli kokwanira kuti azidzibisa okha (chifukwa cha mtundu wawo). Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba ndizovuta kwambiri kuzipeza pagombe la nyanja. Kuzama kochepa komwe amakhala ndi pafupifupi 150-200 m.M'nyengo yozizira, nthumwi za nkhandwe zimakonda kupumula kuya mpaka 1 km. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu wa munthu umasinthanso - umawala.

Malo okhalawo amatengera mtundu wa nsomba. Chifukwa chake, eel catfish imapezeka pagombe la North America (mkati mwa Pacific Pacific). Ndipo Far East - ku Norton Bay kapena pachilumba cha Pribylova.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba zamphamba zimakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.

Kodi catfish imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Nsomba zamchere zamchere zamchere

Zakudya za nsomba zam'madzi ndizosiyanasiyana (zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zam'madzi).

Zabutki adya nthumwi zotsatirazi:

• nkhono (molluscs a dongosolo la gastropods, amakhala makamaka m'malo okhala ndi mchere);
• nkhanu ndi nkhanu zazing'onozing'ono (nkhanu, nkhanu, nkhanu ndi ena oimira nyamakazi ya m'nyanja);
• molluscs (nyama zoyambilira zapamtunda zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe alibe gawo loberekera);
• urchins (ozungulira m'madzi a gulu la echinoderms);
• nyenyezi (nthumwi za nyama zam'madzi zomwe zili mgulu la echinoderms);
• jellyfish (nyama zozizilitsa bwino zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi amchere okha);
• nsomba (makamaka mwachangu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zam'madzi).

Pambuyo "chakudya chamasana" cha nsombazi, mapiri athunthu azigamba ndi zipolopolo atasiyidwa pafupi ndi miyala. Nthawi zambiri, ndi pa iwo pomwe malo okhala oimira nkhandwe amadziwika makamaka mderali.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale kulumikizana kwa zipolopolo / zipolopolo kumtunda kulikonse sikungalimbane ndi mphalapala. Chifukwa cha zibambo zamphamvu kwambiri, nsomba mwa kanthawi imatsegulira chakudya chomwe chingakhalepo ndikupera mu fumbi.

Mitundu ya nsomba imakhudza kwambiri zomwe amakonda. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zamizeremizere zimadya makamaka nsomba. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito miyala ya molluscs ndi crustaceans. Nsomba zowala amakonda ma echinoderms nkhomaliro. Oimira ku Far East amasankhanso "mbale" ngati imeneyi. Amadyetsanso nkhanu ndi nkhono. Ndipo katchi ya buluu "kulawa" ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba (ndichifukwa chake mano awo amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina).

Zosangalatsa: Ngati mukumva ngati mukufuna kugwira nsomba ndi chingwe, gwiritsani ntchito nkhono ngati nyambo. Ndi thandizo n'zotheka kugwira mizere okhala m'nyanja. Kuti muwonjezere mwayi wakusodza bwino, muyenera kutulutsa nsomba momwe zimakhalira. Nthawi zambiri, kugogoda miyala yam'mbali imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa ntchitoyi. Mafunde akumveka amachititsa kuti nsombazi zizidzuka. Kugwira mitundu ina ya nsomba kumakhala kovuta kwambiri (makamaka chifukwa cha zomwe amakonda).

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Nsomba za Catfish

Catfish nthawi zambiri amakhala. Kukhala mozama kwambiri, samakonda kukwera pamwamba pamadzi. Sakusowa izi konse: pansi pali anthu ambiri omwe amafunikira kudya nsomba zamtchire. Masana, nsomba zamtchire, monga lamulo, "zimakhala pansi" m'misasa. Ntchito ya nyumba ndi mapanga, pomwe matanthwe a algal amangobisalira nsomba.

Moyo wokangalika wa nsombazi umayamba nthawi yamadzulo. Dzuwa litalowa, nsomba zomwe zikusowa chakudya zimapita kukasaka. Usiku, amakwaniritsa zonse m'matangadza ndipo, atadzaza kale, amapitanso kunyumbayo. Kuzama kwa malo kumadalira mtundu wa nsomba. Chifukwa chake, adawona nsomba zam'madzi nthawi yachilimwe ikasaka m'magawo apamwamba. Ndipo nthumwi wamba za catfish nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mitsinje kapena kuchuluka kwa ndere. Mosasamala mtunduwo, nsomba zonse zam'madzi zimapita pansi kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kutentha pansi kumakhala kolimba komanso kosangalatsa kwa zamoyo zam'madzi.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kuchuluka kwakukula kwa thupi la mphaka mwachindunji kumadalira kuzama kwa malo ake. Nsombazi zikakulira, zimakula msanga.

Kwa anthu, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi sizowopseza ena. Chachikulu ndikuti musawakhudze ... Catfish sakhala m'gulu la zolusa zomwe zimagwira. Sizingaganizire kuti aukire munthu wodutsa. Kuphatikiza apo, masana, nthawi zambiri amabisala m'malo obisika. Komabe, nsomba imatha kuluma munthu amene wasokoneza mtendere wawo. Ma Angler omwe amatha kutulutsa nthumwi yochenjeza kuti achenjeze zaopseza zomwe zingachitike pachibwano chawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, iwo omwe mwadzidzidzi amakumana ndi nsombazi moyo akhoza kukhala onyansidwa kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kunena kuti nsomba zam'madzi za m'nyanja ndiomwe amaimira oyimira nyanja. Mutu wawo ndi wamakwinya, wokumbutsa chilonda chakale, chosapola. Kukula kwakukulu ndi mtundu wakuda kumalimbikitsa mantha ndikupangitsani kukumbukira nthawi zonse makanema owopsa omwe mudawonera. Zomverera zosiyana zimayambitsidwa ndi mano, omwe amatha kupukuta zipolopolo za mollusks mumasekondi ...

Utali wa nsomba ngati zimenezi ndi wautali kwambiri. Ngati katchiyo sigwidwa muukonde, imatha kukhala momasuka mpaka zaka 20-25. Samalumikizana pagulu. Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zamtchire zimakhala zokha. Izi zimawathandiza kuti aziyenda momasuka panyanja osaganizira za mamembala ena mgululi.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Nsomba yakumpoto ya nsomba

Pogonana, nsombazi zimagawidwa amuna ndi akazi. Zakale zimadziwika ndikukula kowonjezera. Mtundu wamwamuna ndi wakuda kwambiri. Nsomba zazimayi ndizokongola. Alibe chithunzithunzi m'maso, ndipo milomo yake ndi yocheperako. Chibwano cha akazi sichidziwika kwenikweni. Mtundu wawo ndi wopepuka.

Zosangalatsa: Nsomba zazimuna ndizokwatirana. Nkhondo ya mkazi imachitika kamodzi kokha. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mawu oti "kumenya nkhondo" amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yeniyeni: nsomba zimachita ndewu zonse, kumenyana wina ndi mnzake ndi mitu yawo ndi mano (zipsera zankhondo zoterezi zimakhalabe kwamuyaya pathupi la okhala kunyanja). Pambuyo pakuphunzira nsombazi, yamphongo imakhalabe yokhulupirika kwa iye mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake.

M'madera akumpoto, kuswana kwa nkhandwe kumachitika makamaka miyezi ya chilimwe. Ndipo m'malo otentha, kuswana kumatheka m'nyengo yozizira. Mkazi mmodzi amatha kutulutsa mazira 40 zikwi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 5 mm. Atakulungidwa mu mpira, mazirawo amamatira pamwamba (nthawi zambiri miyala). Kukula kumatenga nthawi yayitali. M'madzi ozizira, mwachangu amatha kubadwa patangopita miyezi ingapo. Kumayambiriro kwa moyo wawo, nsomba zoswedwa zimakhala m'malo okwera. Amapita kumodzi kokha akafika kutalika kwa masentimita 5-8. Ndi makulidwe otere, amatha kubisala ndikuyamba kusaka. Mwachangu amadyetsa zooplankton.

Chosangalatsa: Amuna a Catfish samangokhala amodzi okha, komanso ndi abambo achitsanzo. Ndiwo omwe amakhalabe ndi ana awo mpira utafikira kumtunda. Nsomba zimateteza ana awo kwakanthawi, kenako zimanyamuka ulendo wina. Zazikazi nthawi yomweyo zimasambira kuchoka m'mazira zitatha.

Adani achilengedwe a nsomba zam'madzi

Chithunzi: Nsomba za Catfish

Adakali aang'ono, nsomba zamatchire zimakonda kwambiri "nsomba" zazikuluzikulu za nsomba zazikuluzikulu (kuphatikizapo zowononga). Akuluakulu sangatengeke mosavuta ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Izi ndichifukwa chakukula kwawo kwakukulu komanso kukonda kwawo kubisala m'miyambo.

Adani akuluakulu a catfish ndi awa:

• nsombazi. Si mitundu yonse ya nsombazi yomwe imasaka oimira nkhandwe. Zoyambitsidwa ndi malo okhala nsomba awa. Amadyetsa zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala pafupi kwambiri. Izi ndi monga: goblin shark, shaki wokazinga, etmopterus ndi mitundu ina. Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya anthu omwe amadyera nyama zawo, chiwombankhanga ndi chochepa. Nsombazi zayamba kuzolowera moyo wam'madzi wovutawo ndipo zimabisala ku nsombazi m'malo obisika.
• zisindikizo. Adani oterewa ndi owopsa kwa okhawo amphaka omwe amakhala m'madzi ozizira (Arctic Ocean, White ndi Barents Sea, ndi zina zambiri). Zisindikizo zimatha kuthamanga pamadzi othamanga kwambiri mpaka kuya kwa mita 500. Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kukhala opanda mpweya pafupifupi mphindi 15. Izi ndikwanira kuti muphatikize ndi mphalapala ndikumenya.

Koma mdani wamkulu wa nsombazi akadali munthu amene amagwira nsomba ndikuzigulitsa mopanda chifundo. Pakadapanda anthu, nthumwi zoyimilira m'madzi ozizira zikadakhala mwamtendere mpaka kukalamba ndikufa chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo wachilengedwe.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Nsomba m'nyanja

Chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse ya nsomba chimachepa chaka chilichonse. Nsomba ndizosiyana. Chiwerengero chawo m'madzi am'nyanja chimatsika kwambiri.

Zoyambitsa izi:

• kusodza. Nyama ya Catfish ndiyokoma kwambiri ndipo imawonedwa ngati chakudya chokoma m'maiko ambiri. Ndipo caviar ya oimirawa amafanana ndi chum caviar mwa kukoma. Chifukwa chake, asodzi amatenga nsomba zazikulu ndikuzigulitsa pamtengo wotsika. Kusodza kumachitika limodzi ndi ndodo komanso mothandizidwa ndi maukonde. Nsomba zazikulu kwambiri za anthu amtunduwu amapangidwa ndi Iceland ndi Russia;
• Kuwononga kwa nyanja. Ngakhale mayiko amayesa kuyesa kusintha zachilengedwe, madzi amachepa chaka chilichonse. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zinyalala zazikuluzikulu zotulutsidwa m'nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mabotolo, zikwama, zinyalala sizimangowononga mawonekedwe am'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso zimawononga zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi. Nsomba zimayamwa zinthu zotere, poyizoni kapena kubanika chifukwa cha njira yolakwika ndikufa.

Zosangalatsa: Nsomba zomwe zagwidwa sikudya kokoma kokha. Matumba ndi zowonjezera kwa iwo, nsapato zowala ndi zina zambiri zimapangidwa ndi khungu la katemera. Nyama zopanda zinyalala zoterezi zimafunikira kwambiri.

Ngakhale chiwerengerochi chimachepa pang'onopang'ono, sichingafike posonyeza kufunika kolowa mumtundu wa Red Book. Ndizosatheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa zamoyozi chifukwa chokhala. Pachifukwa chomwechi, zomwe anthu amakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwawo zimachepa. Nthawi yomweyo, boma la mayiko ena lakhazikitsa kale lamulo loletsa kugwidwa kwa nsomba izi. Izi zikusonyeza tsogolo labwino kwa oimira nkhandwe a nyama zam'madzi.

Nsomba zamatchire - wokhala mwapadera panyanja (ndipo nthawi yomweyo osasangalatsa). Samawoneka ngati abale ake osati mawonekedwe, osati momwe amakhalira, osati kuchuluka. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake owopsa akunja, nsombazo sizikuwopseza anthu.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 06.07.2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/24/2019 nthawi 20:40

Onerani kanemayo: Aleixo junior nsomba ya nhume 2020 Exclusive (July 2024).