Mu 2017, opanga nsomba aku Russia adapeza matani 4 miliyoni 322,000 a zinthu zam'madzi. Nsombazo zidafotokozedwa mwachidule kumpoto, Azov-Black Sea, mabeseni a Caspian, Nyanja ya Baltic ndi zigawo za Angola, Morocco.
Russia ili ndi madera osodza pafupi ndi malowa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zachilengedwe zam'madzi, titero kunena kwake.
Ndi nsomba zamtundu wanji zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zamalonda
Nsomba zamalonda ndiye chinthu chogwidwa. Izi zitha kukhala kusodza kosangalatsa kuti mudye nyama kapena feteleza, kupanga mafuta, zovala ndi matumba.
Anthu akumpoto, mwachitsanzo, amapanga zovala, zikwama, nsapato pakhungu la omwe amakhala m'madzi. Pafupifupi onse okhala kunyumba za Evenk amatha kupanga zaluso kuchokera ku nsomba.
Evens adasintha kuti adzipangire zovala kuchokera ku khungu la nsomba
Nsomba zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi mabungwe omwe amagulitsidwa pamalonda zimawonedwanso kuti ndizogulitsa. Zigawo za nsomba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala, feteleza omwewo ndi mafuta aluso.
Zakudya zina zoperekedwa ndi omwe amakhala m'madzi ndizosayembekezereka. Mwachitsanzo, ngale zopangira zimapangidwa ndi sikelo.
Likukhalira kuti palibe buku osachepera osachepera. Ngati nsomba yomwe ili yosakondweretsanso anthu ogulitsa mafakitale imakololedwa kamodzi, mtunduwo umawonedwanso ngati wamalonda.
Magulu apamwamba a nsomba amakhazikitsidwa chaka chilichonse ndi boma, amakhudzanso mabizinesi ena owonjezera. Amachita chidwi ndi nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalondachifukwa kugulitsa kuli kotheka pachuma. Zofunikanso:
- kufunika m'misika yakunyumba kapena yakunja
- moyo wophunzirira nsomba, kapena kukula kwake kodabwitsa
- kufikira nsomba malinga ndi malo okhala
Chifukwa chake, sizopindulitsa, zotopetsa, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kupanga nsomba zamtundu wa benthic zomwe zimakhala mozama masauzande ambiri osakwera pamwamba.
Nsomba zomwe zimakwera pamwamba kapena zimakhala pansi kwambiri zimagwidwa. Izi sizimapereka zifukwa zakukonzekera kusodza.
Ngati nsomba zazing'ono zamalonda ndizosangalatsa kwa akatswiri azamalonda kokha ndi moyo wamasukulu, ndiye kuti zimphona zamadzi zimagwidwa nazo. choncho nsomba zazikulu zamalonda zaphindu ngakhale zitadziwika zokha.
Osangokhala zam'madzi zokha, komanso mitundu yamitsinje ndi nyanja imadziwika kuti ndi yamalonda. Atha:
- Pezani izo kuthengo.
- Kuswana m'minda ya nsomba.
Kukula mwachangu munthawi yokumba kumapangitsa kuti pakhale anthu ambiri. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi ma sprats.
Mu 2017, adadulidwa mgombe la Azov-Black Sea ndi matani 12,000 ochepera kuposa 2016. Kumbali inayi, chiwonjezeko chinalembedwa pamitundu ina yamalonda chaka chatha.
Nsomba za m'nyanja
Chiwerengero cha nsomba padziko lapansi ndi mitundu 20,000. Zotsatirazi zikuphatikiza mitundu yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali m'matumba ena amadzi, ndikupita kukayamba.
Nsomba za m'nyanja ndipo imakhala ndi moyo ndikuswana m'madzi amchere. Mitundu imagawika:
- pa pelagic omwe amakhala kumtunda kwa nyanja
- pansi
- ndi pansi
Zotsatirazi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga. Nsomba zofiira zimamatira kumtunda.
Kusungunuka nsomba zam'nyanja zamalonda mitundu isanu ya usodzi:
1. Ndi chithandizo chake, asodzi amadziwa malo osungiramo nsomba, kusiyanitsa malonda ndi omwe siogulitsa.
2. Nthawi zambiri chonyamulira chimaponyedwa kuchokera kumtunda kapena osati kutali ndi icho.
3. Dikirani kwa maola angapo ndikutulutsa chidebe chodzaza ndi mwachangu.
4. Ndiye kuti, makina amodzi amatha kukweza nsomba zokwera 150.
5. Mphamvu zoyipa zamanetiweki ndi misampha zimasalidwa ngati zitayika.
Nyanja, monga mitundu ina, imagawidwa mabanja a nsomba zamalonda... Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuloweza pamadzi zamoyo zam'madzi komanso gulu lawo.
Mayina ndi mitundu ya nsomba zamalonda
Sturgeon
Nsomba zam'banja zilibe masikelo ndipo zimabwereranso. M'malo mwake, pali poyambira - mtundu wa chingwe cha cartilage.
Nyama zotchedwa sturgeon
Amatchedwa mayi wa ma sturgeon. Kutalika kwa st state sturgeon kumafika mamita 3-4, akulemera makilogalamu makumi.
Chiwerengero cha sturgeon sturgeon chimasokonezedwa ndi minnows. St state sturgeons iwonso, pakadali pano, amadya mphutsi za udzudzu, nkhanu, benthos. Nsomba zina zimadyedwa ndi nyama zotsalira pokhapokha chakudya chachikulu chikusowa.
Beluga
Nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'mitsinje, imatha kutalika mamita 6 ndipo imalemera makilogalamu 2.5. M'zaka za zana la 21, ma belugas olemera makilogalamu 300 samagwidwa kawirikawiri.
Beluga imapezeka mu Nyanja ya Caspian ndi Black, ikusambira mu Danube ndi mitsinje ya Ural.
Mbalame zaku Russia komanso Siberia
Mitundu yaku Russia imakhala m'nyanja ya Azov. Madamu ndi malo opangira magetsi amapangitsa kuti nsomba, makamaka nsomba zazikulu, zisamuke.
Nsomba zaku Siberia ndi nsomba zamtsinje. Anthu ndi ocheperako kuposa aku Russia, amakula mpaka 2 mita kutalika, ndikulemera 200 kilogalamu.
Kukwera
Ndi zotsatira za kuwoloka beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsalira.
Nsombazo zinatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha mitanda yoboola pakati yomwe imayenda kumbuyo. Nyamayo imasiyananso ndi ma sturgeon ena ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono ta pakamwa.
Salimoni
Salmonids ali ndi adipose fin pafupi ndi mchira wawo. Chokwanira kungonena kuti pali onse ofiira ndi oyera pakati pa oimira banja.
Nsomba ya Caspian ndi Baltic
Mitundu ya Caspian imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja yakumadzulo ya Caspian Sea. Nsomba za Baltic zimakhala mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Aral.
Nsomba ya Caspian imatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 51, koma nthawi zambiri nsomba ndi 10-13 kilos. Nsomba za Baltic ndizokulirapo pang'ono.
Salimoni
Pa gombe la White Sea amangotchedwa nsomba. Atakhazikika kumpoto, nsomba za salmon zinali zochuluka kuno kwakuti nsomba zofiira zokha ndizomwe zidagwidwa. Salimoni adadyetsa alendowo, kuwalola kuti azikhala m'malo ovuta.
Asayansi apeza kuti nsomba imatenga fungo la mtsinje wawo, pamtunda wa makilomita 800. Salimoni amalowa m'mitsinje kuti abereke.
Chinook nsomba
Amakonda ngati nsomba, koma mafuta ochepa. Ku Oregano ndi ku Alaska, nsomba zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro chadziko.
Chinook saumoni amapezekanso ku Russia. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina chinyama chimatchedwa nsomba zachifumu.
Chum
Nsomba zofiira, 5% zopangidwa ndi mafuta amino acid. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azakudya amalangiza kuyitanitsa mbale ndi chum kumaphwando.
Monga nsomba ya pinki, nsomba ya chum imamwalira itabereka. Nthawi zina anthu amakhala okonzeka kubereka ali ndi zaka 7-10 zokha.
Nsomba Pinki
Mwa nsomba, pinki saumoni ndiye wamakani kwambiri komanso wosakhazikika mlengalenga. Izi zimasewera m'manja mwa osaka omwe amagwira nsomba za pinki panthawi yamavuto.
Pokhala munyanja, nsomba za pinki ndizotuwa ndipo sizimangobwerera m'mbuyo. Thupi limavala utoto wofiirira ndikusintha mitsinje, ndiye kuti, isanayambike.
Nsomba zofiira
Pa nthawi yobereka, imakhala yofiira kwambiri. Anglers osadziwa zambiri amasokoneza mitunduyo.
Nsomba ya Sockeye ndi nsomba yapakatikati. Oimira mitunduyo amakula mpaka masentimita 80, ndikulemera makilogalamu 4.
Salmon yofiira imakhala yofiira panthawi yobereka
Coho, PA
Sikuti ndi imvi yokha, koma ndi sheen yosalala. Imakula mpaka mita imodzi, yolemera pafupifupi 15 kilogalamu.
Anthu aku Russia amatcha coho salmon osati siliva, koma nsomba yoyera. Nyama ya nsomba ndi yofiira.
Coho saumoni amatchedwanso salmon ya siliva
Nelma
Ndi chizindikiro cha ichthyofauna ya ku Siberia. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zimangoyang'ana pakamwa pa mitsinje yomwe ikulowera munyanja.
Nelma samasambira kupitirira Nyanja Yoyera kumadzulo. Nsombazo ndizofiira komanso zazikulu, zimafika mita imodzi ndi theka m'litali, ndikulemera makilogalamu 50.
Nsomba zoyera
Ikutsegula mndandanda wa ma salmonid okhala ndi nyama yoyera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya mitunduyo isokonezeke.
Whitefish ndi yayitali, yotsika, yolumikizana, koma yopanda mano. Umu ndi momwe oimira amtunduwu amasiyana ndi ma salmonid ena.
Omul
Kuphatikizidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu zamalonda Nyanja Baikal. Palinso European omul. Mwa oimira ku Europe amtunduwu, anthu 4-5 makilogalamu amapezeka kwambiri.
Omul ali ndi nyama yoyera, yonenepa, yoyera. Non ndi lodzaza ndi mafuta othandiza zidulo ndi mavitamini.
Nsomba ya trauti
Mtunduwu umaphatikizanso magawo 19 a nsomba. Nsomba zina zamtsinje zimatambalala masentimita 50.
Ma trout onse ndi achangu komanso otakataka mosasamala nyengo. Zina mwa izo zimauluzidwa ndi mphepo yochokera kuzomera zakunyanja.
Sungani
Nsomba zamalonda za nsomba ndi nyama yoyera yomwe imanunkha ngati nkhaka zatsopano. Pachifukwa ichi, fungo lidatchulidwa ndi anthu nkhaka. Nsombazo sizipita patali ndi iwo.
Smallmouth, Asia ndi European smelt asodza ku Russia. izo mitundu ya nsomba zamalondanthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ndi akatswiri ogulitsa mafakitale. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa fungo, amalonda achinsinsi amakonda kukopa anthu okhala m'madzi.
Carp
Ma cyprinids onse ali ndi matupi ataliatali, dorsal fin imodzi. Ambiri am'banjamo ndi olimba, amakhala ndi madzi ampweya wochepa, madzi ozizira.
Carp
Nsombazi ndimadzi amchere, koma zimatha kusambira m'malo am'mbali mwa nyanja za Azov ndi Caspian. Carp imakonda malo omwe amadzaza ndi ndere komanso udzu wosachedwa kutuluka.
Thupi la carp limakutidwa ndi masikelo akulu komanso olimba. Chizindikiro china chosiyanitsa ndi ma tinyanga awiri apakamwa pakamwa.
Carp
Amadyetsa ngati nkhumba. Kuthamanga kwa kulemera kwa carp ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa nkhumba, ndipo nyama ya nsomba ndiyabwino.
Dzinalo la mitunduyo limachokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti "karpos", omwe amatanthauza "chipatso". Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni.
Bream
Zovuta kuthana ndi kukana. Mutha kugwira bream ndi chimanga, udzu, ndi nyambo yamoyo.
Mosiyana ndi ma cyprinids ambiri, bream imazindikira kutentha kwa mpweya m'madzi. Pali mwayi wogwira bream yayikulu, nthawi zambiri kumakhala pansi.
Mamba
Pakati pa cyprinids, ndi nyama yolusa, koma anthu amabalalika mgululi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitunduyo ipangike.
Asp amafika masentimita 90 m'litali, amatenga misa pafupifupi 7 kilogalamu.
Roach
Moyowo samasamala kwambiri, amatha kugwidwa ndi chilichonse popanda kusankha nyambo. Kulemera kwa roach ndi magalamu 400.
Roach amakonda mitsinje yodzaza ndi maiwe ndi madzi aulesi. Chombochi chimakodwa muudzu, m'misampha, ndi algae.
Vobla
Imayendetsedwa mu beseni la Caspian. Mu mawonekedwe owuma, vobla amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chokoma, chifukwa chake chimagwidwa pamalonda.
M'nyengo yozizira, vobla imakutidwa ndi ntchofu zakuda. Kuyang'ana kutentha, carp khalani m'mbali mwa madamu.
Hering'i
Msana wa hering'i nthawi zonse umakhala wakuda, ndipo pamimba pamakhala siliva. Chinsalu chimodzi chimawoneka kumbuyo kwa nsomba, ndipo mchira uli ndi mphako.
Sungani
Pamimba pa sprat pali masikelo ofanana ndi minga. Kuphatikiza apo, keel imawonjezera kusintha kwa chiweto, ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino.
Kutalika kwapakati pa sprat ndi masentimita 10. M'zaka za zana la 19, sanadye sprat pamphepete mwa nyanja ya England, koma adatumiza kuti ikatsekereze minda, chifukwa chake kudakhala kwakukulu.
Sardines
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kugwidwa kwakukulu kwa mitunduyi kudayamba pafupi ndi chilumba cha Sardinia. Kutalika, kumafika pamtunda wa masentimita 25.
Zimasiyana ndi ma herring sardine ena okhala ndi masikelo a pterygoid kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa caudal fin ndi kunyezimira kwa mphukira ya kumatako.
Tulle
Ichi ndi hering'i kakang'ono. Posungira pali mapiri, kuzizira.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya tulka imakhala m'nyanja za Caspian, Azov ndi Black.
Atlantic, Pacific, Baltic ndi Azov-Black Sea hering'i
Herring imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nsomba zamalonda zakumpoto ukufika kutalika kwa masentimita 40.
Zakale, zitsamba zimakonda kusuntha. Mwina, masiku ano otchedwa Caspian, Azov ndi Black Sea asintha mayina awo mzaka zingapo zapitazo.
Cod
Zipsepse za nsomba zam'madzi zili pafupi kapena kutsogolo kwa zipsepse za ventral. Ili ndi 1 mbalame yamphongo yamphongo ndi 2 yokha yam'mbali.
Haddock
Amakhala m'nyanja ya Arctic Ocean. Kutalika, anthu ena amafika masentimita 75, pomwe akulemera pafupifupi 4 kilogalamu.
Mdima wakuda wa haddock ndi lilac. Mimba ndi yamkaka yanyama. Pali madera akuda m'mbali mwa mutu.
Navaga
Imadziwika pakati pa nsomba za cod chifukwa chopezeka bwino, ndiyothandiza kwambiri paumoyo, koma yatsopano. Pobwerera, navaga amataya zinthu zofunikira komanso mavitamini.
Kutalika kwapakati pa navaga ndi 40 masentimita. Kunja ndikofunikira ndikofanana ndi pollock.
Burbot
Mbalame imodzi yokha ya codfish imakhala m'madzi oyera. Imagwidwa m'mabeseni a Nyanja Yakuda, Caspian, Baltic ndi White.
Mwa mitsinje ya Siberia, burbots asankha Yenisei ndi Selenga.
Cod
Amakhala m'madzi ozizira. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma.
Cod nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa pokambirana mayina a nsomba zamalonda... Chifukwa chake dzina la nyamayo.
Nsomba ya makerele
Mbalame yakuda yamchere
Ili ndi mtundu wa brindle, wopanikizika pambuyo pake, wolumikizana. Nyama ya Mackerel ili ndi mafuta amino acid ambiri. Kutalika kwakutali kwa anthu akunyanja Yakuda ndi masentimita 50.
Ndi kutalika kwa theka la mita, mackerel amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 400. Anthu amasokera zikwizikwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asodzi asavute kugwira.
Nsomba ya Atlantic
Chonenepa komanso chachikulu kuposa Nyanja Yakuda. Oimira mitundu yakumpoto amatambasula masentimita 60, ndikupeza ma kilogalamu 1.6.
Mackerels amamera msinkhu. Mackerel wamkulu akagwidwa, nsomba zotsatirazi zidzapambanadi.
