Coho, PA - Iyi ndi imodzi mwasamba zabwino kwambiri mu dongosolo la gastronomic, imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yofewa yocheperako kalori yokhala ndi kukoma kosakhwima ndi mafupa ochepa. Angler ochepa chabe omwe anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi wosaka nsomba zosowa izi, ndipo ambiri amakhala chikho chofunikira koma chosatheka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Coho saumoni
Coho salmon ndi woimira banja lalikulu la salimoni. Salmonids ndi m'modzi mwa makolo akale kwambiri am'madzi amakono am'madzi, akhala akudziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Cretaceous ya nthawi ya Mesozoic. Chifukwa cha kufanana kwapadera kwa mitundu ya oimira banja lino ndi herring, nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa kukhala dongosolo limodzi.
Kanema: nsomba ya Coho
Ofufuzawo akuti panthawi yopanga mitundu ya zamoyo, anali osiyana kwambiri pakati pawo kuposa momwe akuchitira pano. M'mabuku ofotokoza za nthawi ya Soviet, panalibe dongosolo la salmonid, koma pambuyo pake gulu lidakonzedwa - gulu lina la ma salmonid lidadziwika, lomwe limaphatikizapo banja lokhalo la salimoni.
Nsomba yomwe idapangidwa ndi ray, makolo akale kwambiri omwe adayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Silurian - zaka 400-410 miliyoni zapitazo, ndi nsomba ya anadrobicic. Monga salmon coho salmon ambiri, amalowa m'mitsinje kuti apange mazira, ndipo m'madzi am'nyanja amangodyetsa kwambiri, nyengo yozizira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Coho salmon ndi nsomba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, koma anthu ake siochulukirapo kuposa ena am'banja lalikulu la nsomba. Kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2010, nsomba zaku Russia za coho salmon zidakwera kasanu kuchoka pa 1 mpaka 5 toni zikwi, pomwe dziko lapansi limakhala pamlingo womwewo - matani 19-20 zikwi pachaka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi nsomba za coho zimawoneka bwanji
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amitundu m'maiko ena, coho saalmon amatchedwa salmon ya siliva. Mphuno ya akulu m'nyanja yamchere ndi yakuda buluu kapena yobiriwira, ndipo mbali ndi mimba ndizosavomerezeka. Masamba apamwamba a mchira wake ndi kumbuyo kwake amakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga akuda.
Achinyamata ali ndi mawanga ambiri kuposa achikulire okhwima, kuphatikiza apo, amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima yowongoka mthupi, nkhama zoyera ndi malirime akuda. Asanasamuke kupita m'madzi am'nyanja, nyama zazing'ono zimataya chitetezo chawo mumtsinje ndipo zimafanana ndi abale awo akuluakulu.
Thupi la salmon la coho limakhala ndi mawonekedwe obongoka, osanjikizana kuchokera mbali. Mchira ndi wamakona, wotambalala kumunsi, wokutidwa ndimalo akuda ambiri. Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, wokulirapo.
Mukamalowa mumtsinjewo kuti mubereke, thupi la salimoni wamwamuna limasintha kwambiri:
- mtundu wa siliva wammbali umasintha kukhala wofiira kwambiri kapena maroon;
- mwa amuna, mano amakula kwambiri, nsagwada zowongoka kwambiri zimayamba;
- hump imawonekera kuseri kwa mutu wazunguliro, ndipo thupi limanyinyirika koposa;
- mawonekedwe achikazi samasintha malinga ndi momwe moyo umayendera.
Anthu okhwima ochokera ku gawo la Asia amtunduwu amatha kulemera kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 7 kilogalamu. Anthu aku North America ndi akulu kukula: kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira makilogalamu 13-15 ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mita imodzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Amuna ang'onoang'ono obala omwe ali ndi masentimita 20 mpaka 35 amatchedwa "jacks".
Kodi coho salmon amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Coho saumoni
Nsombazi zimapezeka m'madzi pafupi ndi Kumpoto, Central California, zimapezeka ku North Pacific Ocean, mitsinje ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupi ndi Alaska. Anthu ake ndi ochuluka ku Kamchatka, kufupi ndi gombe la Canada, ndipo amapezeka ochepa kwambiri kufupi ndi zilumba za Commander.
Kudera la dziko lathu, nsomba iyi imapezeka:
- m'madzi a Nyanja ya Okhotsk;
- m'dera la Magadan, Sakhalin, Kamchatka;
- m'nyanja ya Sarannoe ndi Kotelnoe.
Coho salmon ndiye thermophilic woposa mitundu yonse ya Pacific nsomba, ndi kutentha kwabwino kwamadigiri 5 mpaka 16. Coho saumoni amatha pafupifupi chaka ndi theka m'madzi am'nyanja, kenako amathamangira kumitsinje yam'mbali. Ku gombe la America, pali mitundu yokhazikika yomwe imapezeka m'madzi okha.
Kwa coho saalmon, ndikofunikira kuti zomwe zilipo posungira izi sizolimba kwambiri, ndipo pansi pake pali miyala. M'zaka zaposachedwa, malo okhala nsomba zachepa kwambiri. Njira zake zoberekera zachepetsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa m'malo ena, koma ndizofala m'mitsinje yayikulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali mtundu winawake wa nsomba za coho zomwe zimalimidwa bwino pamafamu opanga aku Chile. Nsombazi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi nsomba zakutchire ndipo zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa munyama, koma zimakula msanga.
Kodi coho salmon amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Salmon wofiira wofiira
Akakhala m'madzi abwino, achinyamata amadyetsa kaye mphutsi za udzudzu, ntchentche za caddis ndi ndere zosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa thupi kwa ana kumayandikira masentimita 10, mwachangu nsomba zina, zopota m'madzi, kafadala, komanso imago ya tizilombo tina timakhala nawo.
Zakudya zomwe anthu achikulire amakonda kudya ndi izi:
- nsomba zazing'ono, kuphatikiza nsomba;
- mphutsi za nkhanu, crustaceans, krill;
- nyamayi, hering'i, cod, navaga ndi zina zotero.
Chifukwa cha kamwa yayikulu komanso mano olimba, nsomba za coho zimatha kudyetsa nsomba zazikulu. Mtundu wa nsomba pazakudyazo umadalira komwe kumakhala nsomba za coho komanso nthawi yachaka.
Chosangalatsa: Salimoni wa Coho amakhala wachitatu pamndandanda wamafuta omwe ali ndi nyama, patsogolo pa nsomba za sockeye ndi nsomba za chinook. Nsombazi zimakhala zowuma, zamzitini, ndikuthira mchere. Zinyalala zonse zikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ufa wa chakudya.
Pakubzala, nsomba sizidya konse, chibadwa chake chomwe chimakhudzana ndi kutulutsa chakudya chimazimiririka, ndipo matumbo amasiya kugwira ntchito. Mphamvu zonse zimayang'ana kupitiliza kwa mtunduwo, ndipo akulu otopa amafa atangobereka kumene. Koma kufa kwawo kulibe tanthauzo, chifukwa iwo amakhala malo osungira zamoyo zonse zamtsinjewo, kuphatikiza ana awo.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nsomba za coho zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nsomba iyi idya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Coho saumoni
Mtundu uwu wa nsomba umayamba moyo wawo m'madzi amchere, komwe umatha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, kenako umasamukira kunyanja ndi nyanja kuti zikule ndikukula. Mitundu ina sikuti imapita m'madzi am'nyanja, amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, pomwe ina imatha kusuntha mtunda wopitilira kilomita chikwi.
Amakhala pafupifupi chaka ndi theka m'madzi amchere ndikubwerera kumitsinje kapena nyanja, komwe adabadwira gawo lomaliza la moyo wawo. Kutalika kwa moyo wonse wa coho saalmon ndi zaka 3-4. Amuna ena amamwalira mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo.
Coho nsomba khalani m'gulu. M'nyanjayi, imakhala m'madzi osachepera 250 mita kuchokera pansi, makamaka nsomba zili pamtunda wa mamita 7-9. Nthawi yolowera mitsinje imadalira malo okhalamo. Pali nyengo yachilimwe, yophukira komanso yozizira nsomba. Anthu amakhala okhwima mwa kugonana kokha mchaka chachitatu cha moyo.
Zikuwoneka kuti amuna amakula msanga m'madzi amadzi oyera. Salimoni wa Coho amapita kukasala mochedwa kwambiri kuposa oimira ena onse a m'banja la salimoni. Mitundu ya anadromous imadutsa munyanja kapena m'nyanja.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mtundu uwu wa salmon umayamikiridwa osati kokha chifukwa cha nyama yofiira yofewa, komanso ndi caviar yowawa pang'ono koma yopatsa thanzi. Sili ndi ma calories ambiri mofanana ndi a ena am'banjali ndipo amawawona kuti ndi othandiza.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Coho salmon ku Russia
Anthu okhwima ogonana amatumizidwa kuti akapange kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembara mpaka Januware. M'madera ena, nthawi yobereka imatha kusiyanasiyana. Nsombazi zimakwera mumtsinje usiku wokha, pang'onopang'ono kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaima kuti zipumire m'maenje akuya.
Zazikazi zimagwiritsa ntchito mchira wawo kukumba pansi pa chisacho, pomwe amaikira mazira. Kunyamula kumachitika m'njira zingapo ndipo gawo lililonse la mazira limakumana ndi amuna osiyana. Nthawi yonse yobala, mayi m'modzi amatha kupanga mazira mpaka 3000-4500.
Mkazi amakumba mabowo poyala wina ndi mnzake kumtunda kwa mtsinjewu, ndiye kuti chilichonse cham'mbuyomu chimakhala chokutidwa ndi miyala kuchokera kukumbidwako kumene. Pambuyo pomaliza komaliza, koma gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wawo, akulu amafa.
Nthawi yosakaniza imadalira kutentha kwa madzi ndipo imatha kuyambira masiku 38 mpaka 48. Chiwerengero cha opulumuka ndichokwera kwambiri, koma, komabe, iyi ndiye gawo losatetezeka kwambiri pamoyo, pomwe nsomba za coho salmon zimatha kukhala nyama yolusa, kuzizira, kuyikidwa pansi pa silt, ndi zina zambiri. Mphutsi zimakhalabe pamiyala kwa milungu iwiri kapena khumi mpaka zitadya matumbawo.
Pambuyo masiku 45 atabadwa, mwachangu amakula mpaka masentimita 3. Achichepere amakula pafupi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, miyala ikuluikulu. Kusuntha kwa ana kumtsinje kumayamba pafupifupi chaka chotsatira, pamene kutalika kwa thupi lawo kupitirira masentimita 13-20.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba za coho
Chithunzi: Kodi nsomba za coho zimawoneka bwanji
M'malo awo achilengedwe, akulu amakhala ndi adani ochepa. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yachangu kwambiri ya nsomba zodya nyama zomwe zimatha kupirira nsomba za coho, kupatula apo, ili ndi pobisalira bwino ndipo ndizovuta kuzizindikira pagawo lamadzi. Mbalame zam'nyanja sizingafikire, chifukwa anthu okhwima amakhala mozama kwambiri.
Kukula kwachinyamata kumatha kukhala nsomba za nsomba zambiri, kuphatikizapo abale achikulire. Kusintha kwa nyengo, kutayika kwa malo obzala chifukwa chakumanga madamu, komanso kuchuluka kwa mizinda kumawononga kwambiri anthu amtunduwu. Kudula mitengo ndi ulimi zimasokoneza mtundu wamadzi m'madzi obereketsa a coho saumoni.
Ngakhale m'mitundu ina yamasamba momwe mazira amapulumuka nthawi zambiri samapitilira 50 peresenti, kutayika kwa coho salmon sikuposa 6-7 peresenti. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi makonzedwe apadera a zisa zoyikira mazira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mazira ndi mazira azikhala bwino, kutsuka zinyalala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mtundu uwu wa nsomba ku Russia ukhoza kugwidwa ndi amateurs, koma chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kupeza layisensi yapadera. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha nsomba za coho zimakhala pafupi ndi Kamchatka - zakhala zikuwoneka ngati nsomba yaku Kamchatka. M'madera ena mdzikolo, ndizofala kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Coho saumoni
Kusanthula komaliza kwa nsomba za coho pagombe la Alaska ndi Kamchatka kunachitika mu 2012. Chiwerengero cha nsomba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zamalonda tsopano sichikhala chokhazikika ndipo m'malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri, palibe chomwe chimaopseza. Kwazaka khumi zapitazi, m'madzi pafupi ndi California, Alaska, pakhala pakuwonjezeka pang'ono pa chiwonetsero cha nsomba iyi. Chokhacho chomwe chikudetsa nkhawa ndi tsogolo la mtundu umodzi wa nsomba za coho, zomwe zimangokhala m'madzi angapo.
Kusunga kuchuluka kwa nsomba za coho, ndikofunikira kusungitsa malo abwino m'malo omwe amaberekera, kuyambitsa kuletsa konse kusodza m'madzi ena, ndikuwongolera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala pokonza minda ndi mbewu.
Chifukwa cha adani ochepa m'malo awo achilengedwe, kubereka kwakukulu komanso kupulumuka kwa nyama zazing'ono, nsomba za coho zimatha kubwezeretsa anthu awo munthawi yochepa. Munthu amangofunika kumuthandiza pang'ono, koma chofunikira kwambiri sikuti asokoneze mwankhanza zochitika zachilengedwe osapanga zopinga.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nsomba za Coho zimaloledwa kugwidwa kokha mwa kupota ndi kuwuluka. Nsomba yamphamvu iyi siyimataya popanda kulimbana, chifukwa chake kuwedza nthawi zonse kumakhala kosangalatsa.
Coho, PAMonga nthumwi zonse za banja nsomba, nsomba ndi wapadera ndi ofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la anthu thanzi, koma si onse. Kukhoza kusambira motsutsana ndi zamakono, kukwera mitsinje kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chachikulu chamoyo, ngakhale pali zopinga zonse, zimapangitsa nsomba iyi kukhala wankhondo weniweni, chitsanzo cha kutsimikiza mtima komanso kulimba mtima.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/18/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 11.11.2019 pa 12:07
