Centipede - tizilombo zosasangalatsa. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama yoyipayi ndi ya poizoni kwambiri ndipo imatha kuvulaza anthu. Koma, ngakhale mawonekedwe owopsa, ambiri aiwo siowopsa kwenikweni, kupatula nyama zazikulu monga scolopendra ndi mitundu ina yambiri yosowa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Centipede
Centipedes amatchedwa millipedes kuchokera pagulu laling'onoting'ono, lomwe limagwirizanitsa magulu anayi azigawo zapadziko lapansi. Pali mitundu yoposa 12,000 ya millipedes, kuphatikiza zakale za 11 zomwe zidakhala zaka pafupifupi 450 miliyoni zapitazo. Zakale zakufa zomwe zidazindikiridwa molondola zidayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Silurian ndipo masiku ano amadziwika kuti ndi zida zakale kwambiri zomwe zidatuluka munyanja kupita kumtunda.
Kanema: Centipede
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ofanana a miyendo ndi zizindikilo zina, ma centipedes amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ayi. Pakufufuza kwakutali, zidapezeka kuti ma centipedes amaimira gulu la alongo poyerekeza ndi tizilombo wamba, ndiye kuti ali ndi kholo lakale lofananira, koma ubale umathera pamenepo. Mitundu iyi ya arthropods idapanga superclass yofanana - millipedes, yomwe ili m'gulu laling'ono.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Akuluakulu amakhala ndi miyendo pakati pa 30 ndi 354, koma kuchuluka kwa miyendo sikunakhale konse. Mu centipede wapakhomo kapena wowerenga wamba, monga amatchulidwanso, miyendo imakula pang'onopang'ono pamene munthu akukula, ndipo chifukwa chake, ma centipedes okhwima amakhala ndi ma 15 a miyendo. Ngati wogwira mbalame alibe miyendo yochepera 30, ndiye kuti sanathe msinkhu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe centipede amawonekera
Centipedes ali ndi mawonekedwe achindunji, ngakhale owopsa. Centipede wamkulu amakula mpaka masentimita 4-6. Mofanana ndi zida zonse zam'mimba, wowombayo amakhala ndi mafupa akunja, omwe amakhala ndi chitin. Thupi limakhala loblate kwambiri, logawika magawo 15, lililonse limakhala ndi miyendo iwiri. Awiri omalizirawa ndi aatali kwambiri kuposa enawo ndipo amawoneka ngati masharubu. Mwa akazi, miyendo yakumbuyo imatha kukhala yayitali kutalitali kuthupi lokha. Pachifukwa ichi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti munthu wosadziwa adziwe komwe kuli mutu wankhanzowu.
Thupi limakhala ndi chikasu chofiirira kapena chofiirira chokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira-violet kotenga nthawi yayitali, miyendo imakhalanso ndi mizere. Pakusintha, miyendo iwiri yakutsogolo ya centipede yasintha kukhala nsagwada, zomwe zimadzitchinjiriza ndikujambula nyama. Mutu ndi waung'ono, wokhala ndi maso ophatikizika mbali zonse. Ndevu za akulu ndizitali kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka ngati zikwapu, zopangidwa ndi zigawo mazana angapo. Mothandizidwa ndi tinyanga, centipede nthawi zonse amayesa magawo ambiri azachilengedwe, amatha kuzindikira zoopsa patali kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chifukwa chakapangidwe kathupi, kokhala ndimagawo oyenda kwambiri, wowombayo ndiwosachedwa kupsa ndipo amatha kuyenda mofulumira mpaka mamita 50 pamphindikati, onse pamtunda wopingasa komanso wowongoka.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe centipede amawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe tizilombo timadyera.
Kodi centipede amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Centipede ku Russia
Centipedes amapezeka mochuluka m'maiko ndi zigawo zokhala ndi nyengo yotentha, yotentha.
Malo ake achilengedwe ndi:
- Middle East yonse, kumpoto kwa Africa, pakati ndi kumwera kwa Europe;
- madera akumwera, dera lapakati la Russia, dera la Volga;
- Ukraine, Caucasus yonse, Kazakhstan ndi Moldova;
- Maiko aku Mediterranean, India.
Kuti aberekane, m'moyo wabwinobwino, ma centipedes amafunika chinyezi. M'nkhalango, ndikosavuta kuipeza pansi pamiyala iliyonse, pamizu yamitengo, pakati pa masamba omwe agwa. Pofika nyengo yophukira, nyama izi zimafuna malo otentha, obisika ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'malo okhala anthu. M'nyumba, nyumba, nthawi zambiri samakhala mpaka kalekale, koma amangodikirira kuzizira. M'nyengo yozizira amabisala, koma ndikutentha koyamba amakhala amoyo ndikusamukira kumalo awo achilengedwe.
Osaka ndege amatha kupezeka m'malo okhala anthu:
- muzipinda zapansi ndi mosungira;
- mabafa;
- zipinda zilizonse zotentha kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Woloŵa m'malo okhala kudzera m'ming'alu ya makoma kapena kudzera paipi, centipedes amakhala pamalo amodzi osasunthika. Samachulukana mpaka kuchuluka modabwitsa ngati mphemvu, samawononga chakudya, mipando, maluwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi zina opha ntchentche amawoneka m'nyumba ngakhale chilimwe. Amatha kukopeka ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timakhala tambiri m'nyumba za anthu chifukwa cha ukhondo.
Kodi centipede amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta Centipede
Ma centipedes onse ndi odyetsa, kuphatikiza owuluka.
Zakudya zawo zachizolowezi:
- nyerere ndi mazira awo;
- mphemvu, kuphatikizapo zoweta;
- Ntchentche, nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tina todwalitsa.
Sizowopsa kwa anthu komanso nyama. Poizoni yemwe centipede amatha kupanga amatha kufooka ndikupha tizilombo tating'ono tokha. Cholengedwa ichi, ngakhale chikuwoneka chonyansa, chimabweretsa zabwino zambiri pantchito zaulimi, chifukwa chake, m'maiko angapo agrarian, ili pansi pa chitetezo.
Atagwira ntchentche kapena ntchentche, centipede samayamba kudya nthawi yomweyo - imalowetsa gawo lake la poizoni mwa wamoyoyo ndikudikirira mpaka itamulepheretsa, kenako ndikumadya pakona yokhayokha. Wosaka ntchentche amasunga tizilombo ndi miyendo yake yambiri, nsagwada zamphamvu, ndipo wogwidwa alibe mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 5 tizilombo titha kuwonongeka nthawi imodzi.
Ngakhale kuti ziphuphu zapakhomo sizowopsa kwa anthu ndipo sizimamenyana naye, simuyenera kutenga zolengedwa izi ndi manja anu, monga, podziteteza, zimatha kuluma. Mbola yawo ndi yofanana ndi ya njuchi ndipo imatha kuyambitsa matupi awo sagwirizana mwa ana ndi omwe ali ndi ziwengo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngati centipedes amalumikizidwa mchipinda chochezera, zimakhala zovuta kuzichotsa, popeza samayesedwa ndi nyambo, samapwetekedwa ndi matepi omata - ziwalo zotayika zimasinthidwa munthawi yochepa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Centipede wakuda
Centipedes nthawi zambiri imakhala usiku, koma imapezekanso nthawi yamasana m'malo amithunzi. Oyendetsa ndege ndi othamanga enieni pakati pa abale awo onse. Ngati kupumula, cholengedwa ichi chimakanikizidwa kumtunda, ndiye kuti chimathamanga chimakweza thupi momwe zingathere.
Maso abwino ndi kununkhiza, mawonekedwe apadera a miyendo, omwe amakulolani kuti mukhalebe pamakoma otsetsereka, adapanga osaka abwino kuchokera ku millipedes. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa thupi, amatha kulowa ngakhale ming'alu yopapatiza. Kwa moyo wabwinobwino, pamafunika mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa chake amafunafuna chakudya pafupifupi pafupipafupi, kutsata ntchentche kapena akangaude.
Nthawi zina ma centipedes amatchedwa centipedes, ngakhale zolengedwa izi zimakhala ndizosiyana kwambiri osati mawonekedwe okha. Scolopendra, omwe amakhala makamaka kumadera otentha, siowopsa ngati abale awo a centipede. Kuluma kwawo koyipa kumatha kuwononga thanzi la anthu, mpaka kufa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mukakhudza ma centipedes, ndikofunikira kuti musambe m'manja ndipo musakhudze maso anu, chifukwa tiziwalo timene timapezeka m'mbali mwa thupi la zolengedwa izi, ndipo poyizoni angayambitse mkwiyo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Centipede kunyumba
Onse olowa m'malo amakhala osungulumwa, koma akakumana mwangozi, nthawi zambiri anthuwa amakwawa mwakachetechete ndipo nkhondo pakati pawo ndizosowa kwambiri. Panalibe milandu yakudya pakati pa zolengedwa izi. Masiku omaliza a Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni ndi nthawi yoswana ya centipedes. Pakadali pano, akazi amayamba kupanga zinthu zapadera, kukopa wamwamuna kwa iwo.
Njira yawo ya umuna ndiyachilendo:
- wamwamuna amatseka pakhomo lolowera kunyumba yake ndi ndodo ndi kuyika umuna wake m'thumba lopangidwa;
- chachikazi chimakwawa pansi pa thumba la umuna ndikuchigwiritsitsa ndi ziwalo zake zoberekera, ndipo patatha masiku ochepa chimayikira mazira mu dzenje lokumbidwa, lomwe amaliphimba ndi ntchofu zomata.
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 70-130. Kwa milungu ingapo, azimayi amayang'anira ndalamazo, ndikuzimata ndi manja ake. Amatulutsa chinthu chapadera choteteza ku nkhungu. Mphutsi zimawonekera palimodzi. Amakhala oyera poyamba komanso ofewa kwambiri ndi miyendo inayi. Nthawi iliyonse, ana amakula miyendo iwiri yatsopano, ndipo khungu limayamba mdima. Pambuyo mphutsi yachisanu kapena yachisanu ndi chimodzi mphutsi zimakhala ndi mapaundi 15 a miyendo. Mwachilengedwe, ma centipedes amakhala zaka 4-6. Zinyama zazing'ono zimafanana kwathunthu ndi wamkulu pokhapokha atatha msinkhu.
Adani achilengedwe a centipedes
Chithunzi: Momwe centipede amawonekera
Centipedes ali ndi adani ochepa, chifukwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma gland owopsa, samakondanso nyama zambiri, ndipo kwa ena amathanso kukhala owopsa. Komabe, ma centipedes samadandaula kudya njoka, makoswe, ngakhale amphaka. Kwa makoswe ndi ziweto, akumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi pa zolengedwa izi zimawopseza kutenga kachilomboka kamene kamakhala m'matupi a "mbozi" zapoizoni.
Zadziwika kuti mitundu ina ya nyemba, mwachitsanzo, centipedes, m'malo opangira akhoza kudya abale awo, makamaka achinyamata. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndipo zimangokhala ndi chakudya chosakwanira. Nthawi zambiri, zolengedwa izi zimakhala mwamtendere, osachita nawo ndewu. Nthawi zina ndimomwe amuna amatha kugwira miyendo yawo yambiri ndikudzigona mozungulira mu mpira kwa mphindi 10-15, kenako nkusiya ndikupitanso bizinesi yawo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mamembala akulu kwambiri a superclass of centipedes amafika masentimita 35 m'litali. Ndi chimphona chachikulu chakupha, chomwe chimapezeka kumadera otentha ndipo kuluma kwake nthawi zambiri kumapha anthu.
Ngati mwana wamng'ono, wosadziwa zambiri, mwangozi amatenga centipede pansi kuti adye, nthawi yomweyo amulavulira. Anthu odziwa zambiri samakhudza mphero konse.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Centipede
Palibe chomwe chingawopseze kuchuluka kwa anthu, chifukwa ali achonde kwambiri ndipo alibe adani. Nthawi zambiri, vuto losiyana limakumana - momwe mungawachotsere ngati atakhazikika m'nyumba kapena m'nyumba. Ngakhale kuti opha ntchentche sakhala owopsa kwa anthu ndipo amatha kuwononga tizilombo todwalitsa, kukhala nawo pamalo omwewo sikungakhale kosangalatsa kwa aliyense. Limeneli lingakhale vuto lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa tizilombo tomwe timateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda palibenso mphamvu pano.
Ndikofunikira kusintha zikhalidwe zabwino za zolengedwa izi kenako azinyamuka okha:
- ma centipedes amakonda chinyezi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuchotsa gwero la chinyezi chambiri - osasiya matope ndi nsanza zonyowa pansi, kukonza matepi;
- muyenera kutsegula malo pafupipafupi, ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, ikani makina opumira;
- kuthetsa tizilombo tonse mnyumba, chifukwa zimatha kukopa nyongolotsi ngati chakudya;
- chotsani zinyalala zonse zakale, matabwa owola, nkhungu kuchipinda chapansi;
- tsekani njira yoti centipedes alowe mchipinda - ikani zowonera pazenera, kukonza pansi, ndi zina zambiri.
Moyo ukangotha kukhutiritsa opha ntchentche, amachoka m'deralo nthawi yomweyo. Ngati zolengedwa izi zakhazikika munyumba yachilimwe, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuzisokoneza, chifukwa zimadya tizilombo tambiri tovulaza. M'mayiko ena, mwachitsanzo ku Ukraine, owerenga ntchentche amalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo amatetezedwa.
Centipede si mnansi wosangalatsa kwambiri, koma ndibwino "kukhala naye paubwenzi" naye, popeza amapindulitsa munthu, kuwononga tizilombo tambiri tomwe timakhala tangozi kwa anthu. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika pomwe mawonekedwe akunamizira ndipo kuseri kwa mawonekedwe oyipa pali bwenzi laling'ono, osati mdani wamkulu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/16/2019
Tsiku losintha: 08/16/2019 ku 22:47
