Mbala ya kanjedza - nkhanu yayikulu kwambiri, ngati nkhanu. Makamaka, zolembera zake ndizopatsa chidwi - ngati mutazikwatula choncho, ndiye kuti munthuyo sangakhale wabwino. Koma nsomba zazinkhanira izi sizikuwonetsa kupondereza anthu, makamaka koyambirira, koma zimatha kugwira nyama zazing'ono, ngakhale mbalame. Amapita kukasaka madzulo, chifukwa sakonda dzuwa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Wakuba Palm
Wakuba kanjedza ndi nsomba zazinkhanira za decapod. Malongosoledwe asayansi adapangidwa koyamba ndi K. Linnaeus mu 1767, kenako adalandira dzina lake latro. Koma dzina lake loyambirira la Cancer lidasinthidwa mu 1816 ndi W. Leach. Umu ndi momwe ma birgus latro, omwe adakalipo mpaka lero.
Matenda oyambilira oyamba anapezeka pafupifupi zaka 540 miliyoni zapitazo, pomwe a Cambrian anali atangoyamba kumene. Mosiyana ndi zochitika zina zambiri, pomwe gulu lazinthu zamoyo zimasintha pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu kumakhala kotsika, adakhala chitsanzo cha "chisinthiko chophulika".
Kanema: Wakuba Wakanjedza
Ili ndi dzina lachitukuko chakalasi cha kalasi, momwe limapangira mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu yaying'ono munthawi yochepa (malinga ndi kusintha kwa zinthu) kwakanthawi. Arthropods nthawi yomweyo imadziwa nyanja, madzi abwino, ndi nthaka, ndipo ma crustaceans, omwe ndi magulu a nyamakazi, adawonekera.
Poyerekeza ndi ma trilobites, ma arthropods asintha mosiyanasiyana:
- adagula tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, tomwe tidakhalanso gawo logwirana;
- miyendo yachiwiri idafupikira ndikulimba, idasandulika yayikulu yopangira chakudya;
- miyendo yachitatu ndi yachinayi, ngakhale idapitilizabe kugwira ntchito yamagalimoto, idasinthidwanso kuti igwire chakudya;
- mitsempha pamiyendo yamutu idatayika;
- ntchito za mutu ndi chifuwa zimasiyanitsidwa;
- popita nthawi, chifuwa ndi mimba zimaonekera mthupi.
Zosintha zonsezi cholinga chake chinali kuthandiza nyamayo kuti izitha kuyenda mwachangu, kufunafuna chakudya, kuigwira ndikuyendetsa bwino. Kuyambira pagulu lakale lakale la m'nyengo ya Cambrian, zotsalira zambiri zidatsalira, nthawi yomweyo nsomba zazinkhanira zapamwamba, zomwe mbala ya kanjedza ndi yake.
Kwa nsomba zazinkhanira za nthawi imeneyo, mtundu wamakono wazakudya unali kale, ndipo kwakukulukulu, kapangidwe ka matupi awo sikangatchulidwe kuti kokwanira kuposa mitundu yamasiku ano. Ngakhale kuti zamoyo zomwe zimakhalapo padzikoli panthawiyo zidatha, zamasiku ano zikufanana ndi kapangidwe kawo.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukonzanso chithunzi cha kusinthika kwa ma crustaceans: ndizosatheka kudziwa momwe pang'onopang'ono adasokonekera pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, sichinakhazikitsidwe molondola pomwe mbala za kanjedza zidatulukira, koma nthambi yawo yosinthika imatha kutsatidwa kwazaka mazana mamiliyoni, mpaka ku Cambrian yomwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Palinso ma crustaceans pakati pa ma crustaceans omwe angawonedwe ngati zamoyo zakale - zishango za Triops cancriformis zakhala padziko lathuli zaka 205-210 miliyoni.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mbala ya kanjedza imawonekera
Wakuba kanjedza ndi wa nkhanu zazikulu kwambiri: amakula mpaka 40 cm ndikulemera mpaka 3.5-4 kg. Miyendo isanu ya miyendo imakula pa cephalothorax yake. Chachikulu kuposa china chonse ndi chakutsogolo, chomwe chili ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu: ndizodabwitsa kuti amasiyana kukula - kumanzere ndikokulirapo.
Miyendo iwiri yotsatira ilinso yamphamvu, chifukwa chake khansara imatha kukwera mitengo. Gulu lachinayi ndi locheperako poyerekeza ndi am'mbuyomu, ndipo lachisanu ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, nsomba zazinkhanira zazing'ono zimatha kufinya m'zipolopolo zakunja zomwe zimawateteza kumbuyo.
Makamaka chifukwa miyendo iwiri yomaliza yamiyendo sinakule bwino, ndikosavuta kutsimikizira kuti wakuba wa kanjedza akuyenera kuti amadziwika kuti ndi nkhanu, osati nkhanu, chifukwa izi ndizosavomerezeka. Koma awiriwo akutukuka bwino: mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zake, wakuba wa kanjedza amatha kukokera zinthu zolemera kakhumi kuposa iye, amathanso kukhala chida chowopsa.
Popeza khansara ili ndi malo otukuka bwino komanso mapapu athunthu, amakhala pamtunda. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mapapu ake amapangidwa ndi minofu yofanana ndi mitsempha, koma amatenga mpweya kuchokera mlengalenga. Komanso, nayenso ali ndi mitsempha, koma sakulimbikitsidwa ndipo samamulola kuti akhale m'nyanja. Ngakhale amayamba moyo wake kumeneko, koma atakula, amalephera kusambira.
Wakuba kanjedza amapanga chithunzi mwanjira yake: ndi yayikulu kwambiri, zikhadabo ndizodziwika kwambiri, chifukwa chake khansara iyi imawoneka yowopsa ndipo imafanana kwambiri ndi nkhanu. Koma sizowopsa kwa munthu, pokhapokha ngati iyeyo sangasankhe kuukira: ndiye ndi zikhadazo wakuba wakanjedza amatha kupweteketsa chilonda.
Kodi wakuba wa kanjedza amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbala ya Nkhanu
Osiyanasiyana awo ndi yotakata ndithu, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala makamaka pa zilumba zazing'ono kukula. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale adabalalika kuchokera kugombe la Africa kumadzulo komanso pafupifupi ku South America kum'mawa, malo omwe angakhalemo siabwino kwenikweni.
Zilumba zazikulu komwe mungakumane ndi mbala ya kanjedza:
- Zanzibar;
- kum'mawa kwa Java;
- Sulawesi;
- Bali;
- Timor;
- Zilumba za Philippines;
- Hainan;
- Western Oceania.
Chilumba chaching'ono cha Christmas chimadziwika kuti ndi malo okhala nkhanu izi: amatha kupezeka pamenepo pafupifupi kulikonse. Monga mukuwonera pamndandanda wonsewo, amakonda zilumba zotentha, ndipo ngakhale mdera lam'madera otentha sizimapezeka.
Ngakhale amakhalanso pazilumba zazikulu - monga Hainan kapena Sulawesi, amakonda zazing'ono zomwe zili pafupi ndi zikuluzikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ku New Guinea, ngati mungawapeze, ndizosowa kwambiri, kuzilumba zazing'ono zomwe zili kumpoto kwake - nthawi zambiri. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi Madagascar.
Nthawi zambiri sakonda kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, ndipo chilumbachi chikamakula, akuba akanjedza amakhala ochepa. Amayenereradi pazilumba zazing'ono, makamaka zomwe sizikhala anthu. Amapanga maenje awo pafupi ndi gombe, m'miyala yamiyala kapena m'matanthwe.
Chosangalatsa: Crayfish nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nkhanu za coconut. Dzinali lidadzuka chifukwa chakuti kale amakhulupirira kuti akukwera mgwalangwa kuti adule coconut ndikudya pamenepo. Koma izi siziri choncho: amangoyang'ana kokonati zomwe zagwa kale.
Wakuba kanjedza amadya chiyani
Chithunzi: Wakuba wa kanjedza mwachilengedwe
Zolemba zake ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimaphatikizira zomera ndi zamoyo zonse, ndi zowola.
Nthawi zambiri amadya:
- zili ndi coconut;
- zipatso za pandanas;
- nkhanu;
- zokwawa;
- makoswe ndi nyama zina zazing'ono.
Sasamala zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu zamoyo - bola ngati zilibe poizoni. Amagwira nyama yaying'ono iliyonse yomwe siyithamanga kuti ichoke kwa iye, ndipo samasamala kuti asakope. Ngakhale lingaliro lalikulu lomwe limamuthandiza pakasaka ndikumva kununkhiza.
Amatha kununkhiza nyama yayitali kutali, mpaka makilomita angapo pazinthu zomwe zimakhala zokongola komanso zonunkhira kwa iye - zipatso zakupsa ndi nyama. Anthu okhala pazilumba zotentha atawauza asayansi za momwe kununkhira kwa nkhanuzi kunali kwabwino, adakhulupirira kuti akukokomeza, koma zoyeserera zidatsimikizira izi: nyambo zidakopa chidwi cha akuba a kanjedza patali mtunda wamakilomita, ndipo mosakayikira amawalunjika!
Eni ake amawu onunkhirawa sakhala pachiwopsezo cha kufa ndi njala, makamaka popeza wakuba wa kokonati samakonda kudya, amatha kudya nyama yonyansa wamba, koma ngakhale detritus, ndiye kuti, zotsalira zowola nthawi yayitali komanso zotulutsa zosiyanasiyana zamoyo. Koma amakonda kudya kokonati. Amapeza zomwe zagwa ndipo, ngati zili zosagawanika pang'ono, amayesera kuziphwanya mothandizidwa ndi ma pincers, omwe nthawi zina amatenga nthawi yambiri. Satha kuswa chigoba cha coconut chonse ndi zikhadabo - kale amakhulupirira kuti atha kuchita izi, koma chidziwitso sichinatsimikizidwe.
Nthawi zambiri amakokera nyama ija pafupi ndi chisa kuti athyole chipolopolocho kapena adye nthawi ina. Sizowavuta konse kuti atenge kokonati, amatha kunyamula zolemera za makilogalamu angapo. Anthu a ku Ulaya atawaona koyamba, anachita chidwi ndi zikhadabo moti ananena kuti akuba akanjedza amathanso kusaka mbuzi ndi nkhosa. Izi sizowona, koma amatha kugwira mbalame ndi abuluzi. Amadyanso akamba ndi makoswe okha omwe abadwa. Ngakhale, kwakukulu, amakondabe kuti asachite izi, koma kuti adye zomwe zilipo motero: zipatso zakupsa zomwe zagwa pansi ndi zowola.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wakuba khansa ya kanjedza
Masana, simungawawone kawirikawiri, chifukwa amapita kukasaka chakudya usiku. Chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa amakonda kukhala pogona. Izi zikhoza kukhala burrow yomwe inakumbidwa ndi nyama yokha, kapena malo achilengedwe. Nyumba zawo zimakhala ndi ulusi wa kokonati ndi zida zina zamkati kuchokera mkati, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azikhala ndi chinyezi chofunikira kwambiri kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Khansara nthawi zonse imaphimba khomo la nyumba yake ndi zikhadabo, izi ndizofunikanso kuti zizikhala zowuma.
Ngakhale amakonda chinyezi chotere, samakhala m'madzi, ngakhale amayesa kukhazikika pafupi. Nthawi zambiri amatha kufika m'mphepete mwake ndikusungunuka pang'ono. Mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakhala m'matumba omwe amasiyidwa ndi ma molluscs ena, koma kenako amatuluka mwa iwo ndipo sagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Si zachilendo akuba akanjedza kukwera mitengo. Amachita izi mwachangu, mothandizidwa ndi gulu lachiwiri ndi lachitatu, koma nthawi zina amatha kugwa - komabe, kwa iwo zili bwino, amatha kupulumuka kugwa kuchokera kutalika mpaka mita 5. Ngati amasunthira kumbuyo pansi, ndiye kuti amatsika kumitengo kumutu koyamba.
Amakhala usiku wonse pansi, kudya nyama yomwe apeza, nthawi zambiri amasaka, kapena ndi madzi, ndipo madzulo ndi m'mawa amapezeka mumitengo - pazifukwa zina amakonda kukwera pamenepo. Amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali: amatha kukula mpaka zaka 40, kenako samamwalira nthawi yomweyo - anthu amadziwika omwe akhala zaka 60.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbala ya Nkhanu
Akuba a kanjedza amakhala okhaokha ndipo amapezeka munthawi yoswana yokha: imayamba mu Juni ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Pambuyo pokhala pachibwenzi kwa nthawi yayitali, crayfish imakwatirana. Patapita miyezi ingapo, mkaziyo amadikirira nyengo yabwino ndikupita kunyanja. M'madzi osaya, imalowa m'madzi ndikutulutsa mazira. Nthawi zina madzi amawanyamula ndikuwatenga, nthawi zina mkazi amadikirira kwa maola ambiri m'madzi mpaka mphutsi zitaswa m'mazira. Nthawi yomweyo, sipita patali, chifukwa ngati funde linyamula, ndiye kuti lidzafera munyanja.
Clutch imachitika pamafunde akulu kuti mazira asatengedwere kupita kumtunda, komwe mphutsi zimafera. Ngati zonse zinayenda bwino, mphutsi zambiri zimabadwa, zomwe sizinafanane ndi wakuba wachikulire wamkulu. Kwa milungu ingapo yotsatira ya 3-4, amayandama pamwamba pamadzi, amakula ndikusintha. Pambuyo pake, tizinyalala tating'onoting'ono timira pansi pa dziwe ndikukwawa mozungulira kwakanthawi, kuyesera kuti tipeze nyumba yawoyawo. Kuthamanga kumene kumachitika, kumawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka, chifukwa akadalibe chitetezo chokwanira, makamaka pamimba.
Chipolopolo chopanda kanthu kapena chipolopolo cha nati yaying'ono chimatha kukhala nyumba. Pakadali pano, ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nkhanu m'mayendedwe ndi machitidwe, zimangokhalabe m'madzi. Koma mapapo amakula pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti pakapita nthawi, nsomba zazinkhanira zazing'ono zimafika kumtunda - zina zoyambirira, zina pambuyo pake. Poyamba amapezanso chipolopolo pamenepo, koma nthawi yomweyo mimba yawo imakhala yolimba, kotero kuti pakapita nthawi chosowa chake chimazimiririka, ndipo amataya.
Akamakula, amakhetsa pafupipafupi - amapanga mawonekedwe atsopano, ndipo amadya wakale. Chifukwa chake popita nthawi, amasanduka nkhanu zazikulu, ndikusintha modabwitsa. Kukula kumachedwa: pokhapokha atakwanitsa zaka 5 amafika pokhwima pogonana, ndipo ngakhale ali ndi zaka izi amakhala ocheperako - pafupifupi 10 cm.
Adani achilengedwe akuba akanjedza
Chithunzi: Wakuba Palm
Palibe zolusa zapadera zomwe mbala za kanjedza zimakonda kwambiri. Ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zotetezedwa bwino ndipo zitha kukhala zowopsa kusakidwa kosalekeza. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti ali pachiwopsezo: atha kugwidwa ndikudya nsomba zikuluzikulu ndipo, nthawi zambiri, mbalame.
Koma ndi mbalame yayikulu yokha yomwe imatha kupha khansa yotere; sizilumba zonse zam'malo otentha zomwe zimakhala ndi zotere. Kwenikweni, amawopseza achichepere omwe sanakule mpaka theka la kukula kwake - osapitilira masentimita 15. Amatha kugwidwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama monga kestrel, kite, chiwombankhanga ndi zina zotero.
Pali zowopsa zambiri ku mphutsi: amatha kukhala chakudya cha nyama zam'madzi zilizonse zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi. Izi makamaka ndi nsomba ndi nyama zam'madzi. Amadya mphutsi zambiri, ndipo ndi ochepa okha omwe amapulumuka asanafike kumtunda.
Sitiyenera kuiwala za munthuyo: ngakhale akuba akanjedza amayesa kukhazikika pazilumbazi kukhala chete komanso osakhalamo anthu momwe angathere, nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa ndi anthu. Zonse chifukwa cha nyama yawo yokoma, komanso kukula kwake sikusewera m'malo mwawo: ndizosavuta kuzizindikira, ndipo ndikosavuta kugwira imodzi yamakungu kuposa zazing'ono khumi ndi ziwiri.
Chosangalatsa: Khansara iyi imadziwika kuti Mbala ya kanjedza chifukwa imakonda kukhala pamitengo yakuba ndikuba chilichonse chomwe chimanyezimira. Akakumana ndi mbale ya patebulo, zodzikongoletsera, komanso chitsulo chilichonse, khansayo iyesetsabe kupita nayo kunyumba kwake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe mbala ya kanjedza imawonekera
Ndi oimira angati amtunduwu omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe sanakhazikitsidwe chifukwa amakhala m'malo okhala anthu ochepa. Chifukwa chake, sanaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazinthu zosawerengeka, komabe, m'malo omwe amalembetsa kalembera, pakhala kuchepa kochititsa mantha kwa chiwerengero chawo m'zaka zapitazi za 50.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndikugwira nsomba zazinkhanira mwachidwi. Sikuti nyama yawo imangokhala yokoma, komanso yotsika mtengo - akuba akanjedza amakoma ngati nkhanu; Kuphatikiza apo, imatinso aphrodisiac, yomwe imapangitsa kuti kufunikirako kukhale kopitilira muyeso. Chifukwa chake, m'maiko ambiri, zoletsa pakuwatulutsa zimakhazikitsidwa kapena zoletsa kuwedza zayambitsidwa kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mbale zoyambilira za khansa iyi zinali zotchuka ku New Guinea, posachedwa ndikuletsedwa kuziphikira m'malesitilanti ndi m'malo odyera. Zotsatira zake, imodzi mwamisika yofunika kwambiri yogulitsa anthu ozembetsa yatayika, ngakhale kutumizako kunja kukupitilirabe kwakukulu, kotero padakali ntchito yofunika kuletsa izi.
M'mayiko ena ndi madera ena kuli zoletsa kugwira nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono: mwachitsanzo, kuzilumba za Northern Mariana amaloledwa kugwira okhawo akuluakulu kuposa 76 mm, komanso pansi pa layisensi komanso kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala. Panyengo yonseyi, sipangapezeke crayfish yoposa 15 pansi pa layisensi imodzi. Ku Guam ndi Micronesia, kugwidwa kwa azimayi oyembekezera ndikoletsedwa, ku Tuvalu kuli madera omwe amaloledwa kusaka (ndi zoletsa), koma pali zoletsedwa. Zoletsa zofananazi zimagwiranso ntchito m'malo ena ambiri.
Zonsezi adazipanga kuti akuba akanjedza asasowe. Ndikumayambiriro kwambiri kuti tiweruze momwe amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa m'maiko ambiri amakhala ovomerezeka kwa zaka zosaposa 10-20; komabe, maziko ofanizira ndikusankha njira zabwino zamtsogolo chifukwa chamalamulo osiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana ndiwambiri. Nsombazi zimafunikira chitetezo, apo ayi anthu amatha kuziwononga. Inde, pali zina zomwe zikuchitika, koma sizikudziwika ngati zili zokwanira kuteteza mitunduyo. Pazilumba zina komwe wakuba mgwalangwa kale pofala, sapezeka konse - izi sizowopsa koma zowopsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/16/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 24.09.2019 pa 12:06
