Chiwombankhanga chabwino chokhala ndi nthenga ngati chopondera, amawoneka wonyada komanso wowoneka bwino, m'zinthu zonse za avian ndi mawonetseredwe, mawonekedwe ake a hawkish amawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Tidzaphunzira za moyo, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe akunja, zokonda zakadyedwe komanso malo oti mbalame yokongola komanso yosangalatsa iyi, mwatsoka, yakhala yaying'ono kwambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Steppe Harrier
The steppe harrier ndi nyama yolusa yamapiko kuchokera kubanja la nkhamba, dongosolo lofanana ndi la mphamba ndi mtundu wa zotchinga. Mwambiri, pamtundu wa zotchinga, pali mbalame 16 zomwe zikukhala pakadali pano, ndipo mitundu yawo ina yatha.
Mwinanso, ambiri amadziwa mawu oti "tsitsi laimvi ngati chotchinga", limafotokoza za munthu yemwe tsitsi lake ndi loyera kuyambira imvi. Mawuwa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mwezi, chifukwa Mitundu ina ya mbalameyi imadziwika ndi utoto wa phulusa wokhala ndi zokongoletsa zamtambo wabuluu, ndipo kuchokera patali chotchinga chowuluka chikuwoneka choyera kwambiri.
Kanema: Steppe Harrier
Kuyerekeza koteroko kunakonzedwa kwa mwezi, osati kokha chifukwa cha mtundu wa nthenga zake, komanso chifukwa cha zina zakunja. Mlomo wokhotakhota wooneka ngati mbedza wa chilombocho, korona wa nthenga womwe umadutsa masaya ndi chibwano umafanana ndi bambo wachikulire wanzeru wokhala ndi ndevu komanso wafumbi ndi imvi. Palinso kutanthauzira kwina kwa mawuwa, kumalumikizidwa ndikusintha kwamitundu yamwamuna, molingana ndi msinkhu wawo. Kukula, mu nthenga za mbalame, malankhulidwe ofiira amasinthidwa ndi mitundu yoyera yaimvi.
Potengera kukula kwake, steppe harrier imakhala pakati pamtundu wa mbewa. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamwamuna kumakhala pakati pa 44 mpaka 48 cm, ndipo chachikazi - kuyambira 48 mpaka 53. Kutalika kwa mapiko kutambalala kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 110 cm, ndipo mwa nthenga zazimayi kumakhala pafupifupi 10 cm. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi amtundu, omwe tidzafotokoze pansipa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi steppe harrier imawoneka bwanji
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa cholembera chachikazi kuchokera kwa chachimuna ngati mukudziwa mitundu yonse yamtundu wa mbalame. Wamphongo wokhwima amakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wonyezimira, ndipo gawo lakumunsi limakhala loyera. Chombo chotchedwa steppe harrier chimakhala ndi malankhulidwe opepuka kuposa msuwani wake wam'munda. Pamwamba pa mapiko a mbalameyo, malo owoneka ngati mphonje amawonekera nthawi yomweyo, osagwira nthenga zouluka. Mimba yopepuka imakhala yoyera mofanana ndi mutu, chotupa, ndi khosi.
Mtundu wachikazi ndi wamtundu wofiirira, mapiko ndi mchira zili ndi mikwingwirima, ndipo malo opapatiza a mthunzi woyera wokhala ngati kachigawo amaonekera kumtunda kwa mchira. Mchira uli ndi zinayi kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo kuchokera pansi - mikwingwirima itatu yotambalala yopingasa. Mwa mikwingwirima yonseyi, umodzi wokha ndiwowonekera bwino - wapamwamba. Diso la mkazi limadulidwa ndi bulaketi yakuda, pomwe palinso malire owala. Kuchokera patali, chopondera chachikazi ndi chofanana kwambiri ndi chotchinga chachikazi; munthu wamba sangathe kuzisiyanitsa.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi utoto wofiyira, kamvekedwe kake ndi kopepuka poyerekeza ndi zotchinga zazing'ono. Mbali yakutsogolo ya mutu wa steppe harrier yafotokozedwa ndi kolala ina yoyera. Pansi pa mapikowo panali mizere. Miyendo ya achinyamata, monga ya mbalame zokhwima, ndi yachikasu. Maso a achinyamatawo ndi amdima, ndipo akamakalamba amatembenukira chikasu kapena bulauni wonyezimira.
Mofanana ndi nkhono zina zonse, steppe harrier ili ndi mulomo wakuda wolumikizidwa. Mapazi a nthenga ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amavala mathalauza a nthenga kuyambira pamwamba mpaka m'maondo. Poyerekeza ndi akalwi ena, omwe matupi awo ndi olimba komanso olimba, steppe harrier ili ndi chiwonetsero chochepa kwambiri. Mbali yake yapadera ndi kukhalapo kwa mapiko opapatiza. Chombo chotchedwa steppe harrier chimauluka kwambiri, chimakhala chokumbutsa za mbalame ina yam'madzi. Mu mbalamezi, kuwuluka nthawi zonse kumakhala kwamphamvu komanso kothamanga, mapiko am'mapiko amapezeka pafupipafupi. Paulendo wouluka, mbali pakati pa mapiko a mbalameyo imatha kukhala pakati pa 90 ndi 100 madigiri.
Kodi steppe harrier amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chingwe cha mbalame
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti zikumveka, koma amene akuwabera lero ali m'gulu la mbalame zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, zomwe zikucheperachepera.
The steppe harrier amakonda:
- madera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, komanso kumadzulo kwa Europe mulingo wake umafika ku Dobrudzha ndi Belarus;
- danga la Asia, likukhazikika kudera la Dzungaria ndi Altai Territory;
- kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia;
- Kumpoto kwa dziko lathu, komwe kuli malo okhala okha ku Moscow, Tula ndi Ryazan, komanso Kazan ndi Kirov;
- Siberia, Arkhangelsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk ndi madera a Tyumen (amapezeka mchilimwe);
- madera akumwera kwa Crimea ndi Caucasus, Turkestan ndi Iran.
Ndi kum'mwera komwe mbalame zimachuluka kwambiri. Koma ku Germany, Sweden, Baltic States komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia, kuli zotchinga zochepa, koma zikupezeka. Kawirikawiri, koma steppe harrier imapezeka ku Britain. Musaiwale kuti chotsekeracho ndi mbalame yosamuka yomwe imasamukira kumalo atsopano chifukwa chosowa chakudya kapena nyengo yovuta. Palinso mbalame zokhala pansi, zomwe zimakhala makamaka m'mapiri a Crimea ndi ku Caucasus.
Chosangalatsa: Kuti akakhale m'nyengo yozizira, steppe harrier amapita ku Burma, India, Mesopotamia, ndi Iran. Chilombocho chikuwulukira ku Africa komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Caucasus.
Pogwiritsa ntchito dzina la mbalameyi, zikuwonekeratu kuti chotchinga ichi chimakonda madera, zigwa zotseguka, madera owuma, ndikukhala m'madambo. Zachilendo, koma nthawi zina zimapezeka m'malo amnkhalango zowala. Chilombo chimafuna kuona kokwanira kuchokera kumtunda kuti zizitha kusaka bwino, ndikuyang'anitsitsa nyama yomwe ingagwire.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mbalame ya steppe harrier imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone yemwe akusaka.
Kodi steppe harrier amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Steppe Harrier wochokera ku Red Book
The steppe harrier ndi chilombo cham nthenga, chifukwa chake chakudya chake chimakhala ndi chakudya cha nyama. Kwenikweni, mndandanda wamapiko umaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya mbewa. Pambuyo pake, mbalameyi imakwera m'nkhalango ndi m'madambo.
Chifukwa chake, chotchingira sichidana ndi chotupitsa:
- mbewa ndi ma voles;
- ma gopher ang'ono;
- nkhono;
- mbalame;
- zikopa;
- zinziri;
- anapiye a grouse wakuda ndi akadzidzi ofulumira;
- mbalame zam'madzi;
- masitepe apansi;
- nkhungu;
- abuluzi;
- tizilombo tambiri.
Monga mukuwonera, zakudya za steppe harrier ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ndiwosaka tsiku, chifukwa ndikosavuta kwa iye kuti awone nyama yaying'ono masana. Chombocho chimagwira mbalame zazing'ono pomwepo. Ikhozanso kudya mazira, kuwononga malo okhala mbalame. Nthenga ikusaka osati kusuntha nyama zokha, komanso kwa amene amakhala pansi osayenda.
Pozindikira kuti ili pamunsi, chombocho chimayamba kumira pansi motsitsa, ndikuyika miyendo yake yayitali ndi miyendo yayitali patsogolo. Amathandiza mwezi kupeza chakudya ngakhale pomwe namsongole wamtali amakula. Chombocho chisanaimire pansi, chimachedwetsa, ndikutambasula mchira wake ngati fani. Nyama iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mapiko ili ndi malo ake osakira nyama
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Malo omwe amasaka, osaka mwezi, siocheperako, koma nthenga zimauluka mozungulira nthawi zonse, kutsatira njira yomweyo. Harrier imatha kuthawira kumtunda wotsika.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngati zinthu zikuyenda molakwika ndi chakudya, ma loonies amasamukira kumadera ena kukafunafuna malo omwe kuli chakudya chokwanira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Steppe Harrier akuthawa
Pafupifupi moyo wonse wa zitsamba zogwirizana zimaphatikizidwa ndi malo otseguka: zipululu, zigwa, zigwa. Nthawi zambiri mapiko amakhala pafupi ndi minda yolimidwa, komanso amakhala kuthengo. Zolepheretsa zimakhazikitsa malo awo okhala pansi, posankha mapiri, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumitengo ya bango.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Lunes imatha kuwoneka ikuuluka kapena pansi, mbalamezi sizikhala pamitengo yamitengo, ndikukhala ndi moyo wapansi.
Khalidwe la mwezi ndilodya, zobisika, zosamala kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana, koma nthawi zina amapita kukaba, ndikuwulukira m'minda ya anthu, komwe amalimbana ndi tiana ting'onoting'ono ndi nkhunda zapakhomo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndipo, mwachiwonekere, chifukwa choti womangidwayo amakhala ndi njala kwambiri ndipo alibe komwe angapeze chakudya china.
Pouluka, chotchingacho chikuwoneka bwino, chokongola, chikuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mopepuka. Mukayang'ana mwezi wowuluka, mutha kuwona kuti umayenda pang'ono. Ndi nyengo yachikwati yamsika yokha yomwe ndiyosiyana kotheratu, ziwonetsero pazitunda. Mu steppe harrier, ndege ndi yolimba komanso yothamanga kuposa mitundu ina ya zotchinga. Atalera ana awo, zotchinga zimapita m'nyengo yozizira kumayiko otentha: kupita ku Africa, India, Burma, Iran. Amabwerako pakufika masika (kumapeto kwa Marichi - Epulo), ndikuchita mwayokha kapena awiriawiri.
Liwu la mwezi likuyimiridwa ndi kumveka kwa phokoso, lomwe limatha kusinthidwa ndikufuula mokweza kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi kwa "geek-geek-geek". Zikumveka pakung'ung'udza kosavuta komanso mukamayandikira zoopsa ndizosiyana, zimadutsa pamamvekedwe ndikunjenjemera mpaka kukwera matayala. Mapangidwe a steppe samapanga malo okhala ambiri, amakonda kukhala ndi chisa awiriawiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Steppe Harrier ku Russia
Zovuta za Steppe zimayamba kukhala ndi zaka zitatu. Nyengo yaukwati wa mbalame imayamba mchaka. Munthawi imeneyi, titha kuwona kukongola kwam'malere kwa amuna okhala ndi mapiko. Nyama zouluka zimauluka mumlengalenga ndi liwiro la mphezi, kenako zimatsikira pansi mwamphamvu, ndikupanga zovuta zina ndi mafunde pomwepo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo kumveka kufuula kwakukulu. Amayi amathanso kuvina ndi abambo awo, koma kunyenga kwawo sikofotokozera komanso mopupuluma.
Malo okhala pansi pa nthaka ndi osavuta, ndi malo ocheperako, omwe amakhala ndi udzu wowuma komanso nthambi za shrub. Pakhoza kukhala zinyalala zazitsulo zofewa mkati. Mazira amaikidwa mu Epulo kapena Meyi, ndipo pamatha kukhala mazira atatu mpaka asanu ndi amodzi. Mtundu waukulu wa chipolopolocho ndi choyera, koma mabala a bulauni amatha kufalikira. Nthawi yosamalitsa imatenga masiku 30 mpaka 35; Amayi amtsogolo amakwaniritsa anawo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pakakumanga ndi kulera, ana obisalira amakhala aukali kwambiri, mwakhama kuteteza ana awo. Samathawa kumbuyo kwa zoopsa zilizonse, amatha kuthamangitsa ngakhale nkhandwe, galu ndi chiwombankhanga.
Kutulutsa anapiye kumatha kumapeto kwa Juni kapena koyambirira kwa Julayi. Ana onsewo amakhala limodzi mpaka Ogasiti. Ana aamuna ndi obadwa kumene amadyetsedwa ndi bambo wachikondi komanso mnzake, patapita kanthawi mayi wamphangayo amatuluka mchisa ndikutsogolera kusaka kosadalira. Mu anapiye ochepa kwambiri, thupi limakutidwa ndi kuyera koyera, kenako kumakhala kirimu wotumbululuka, pang'onopang'ono kukhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Anapiye samasiya malo awo obisalapo masiku 35 mpaka 48, pambuyo pa nthawi ino amayamba kupanga ndege zawo zoyambirira, kukonzekera kuwuluka kupita kumayiko ofunda. Kutha kwa zaka zoberekera za zotchinga kumachitika pafupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 22, atha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa kotala la zana limodzi.
Adani achilengedwe a steppe harrier
Chithunzi: Chingwe cha mbalame
Adani akuluakulu a steppe harrier m'chilengedwe amadziwika kuti ndi ena odyetsa nthenga: chiwombankhanga ndi nthaka. Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame atsimikizira kuti anthu okhwima komanso achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ali ndi kachilombo ka magazi, kamene kamayambitsa mbalamezo kufa. Ngakhale zonsezi, ngakhale nyama zolusa zopanda nthenga kapena matenda sizimavulaza anthu, chiwopsezo chachikulu chopezeka kwa choletsacho ndi munthu.
Zachisoni, koma adani ofunikira kwambiri komanso owopsa a steppe harriers ndi anthu omwe amachita ntchito zawo zachuma mosatopa, zongowakomera. Mwamuna, wosokoneza ma biotopes achilengedwe, amasamutsa zotchingira m'malo okhala anthu, zomwe zimakhudza zochitika za mbalame. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anapiye osadziwa amafera pansi pamagalimoto. Asayansi akuti ana ambiri amavutika pakakolola mbewu zachisanu.
Mbalame zimafa chifukwa chodya makoswe okhala ndi poizoni pafupi ndi minda yolimidwa. Pali malo ocheperako komanso ocheperako pomwe wobisalira amatha kukhala omasuka komanso otetezeka kwathunthu. Anthu samangokhala m'madera akulu pazosowa zawo, komanso zimawonjezera mkhalidwe wazachilengedwe, kuvulaza oimira zinyama zambiri, kuphatikiza ma steppe harriers.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi steppe harrier imawoneka bwanji
Kubwerera m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, nkhondoyi inali mbalame yolusa. Mu makumi atatu a wathawu atumwi, iye ankaimira woimira lililonse la nyama za kumadzulo kwa Caucasus. Koma pafupi ndi 1990, zidasowa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina mbalame zinajambulidwa.
Mwambiri, palibe chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha ziweto za Steppe Harrier, zonse zokhudzana ndi dziko lathu komanso dziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi chidziwitso china, pali anthu 40,000 okha kapena 20,000 ma pair of steppe harriers otsalira. Mwa awa, pafupifupi kukula kwa dziko lathu kumakhala maanja pafupifupi zikwi 5, koma izi sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizolondola.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chiwerengero cha ma steppe chotchingira munthawi zosiyanasiyana madera osiyanasiyana chimasiyana, chifukwa mbalame zimasamukira kumalo komwe kuli makoswe ambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, m'magawo awa, malingaliro olakwika amapangidwa kuti kuchuluka kwa mbalame zam'mlengalenga kwakhala kwakukulu.
Zambiri zokhumudwitsa zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zotchinga kuli pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pali mbalame zochepa kwambiri zomwe zatsala, zikutha, ndipo chifukwa chake, zili mu Red Book. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchita zinthu mopupuluma kwa anthu, komwe kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa malo achilengedwe a mbalamezi.
Anthu akuchita kutchetcha, kuthira madambo, kulima madera ochulukirapo, motero kupondereza zotchinga, kuwathamangitsa m'malo omwe atumizidwa, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa mbalameyo. Zonsezi zimabweretsa chakuti kuchuluka kwa zotchinga zikuchepa, mbalame zimafunikira chitetezo kuti zisasowe pankhope yathu.
Chitetezo cha steppe harrier
Chithunzi: Steppe Harrier wochokera ku Red Book
Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa zotchingira ndizochepa kwambiri, nyama zodya nthenga izi ndi za mitundu yowopsa ya mbalame, chifukwa chake amatetezedwa mwapadera ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana oteteza zachilengedwe. The steppe harrier yalembedwa pa IUCN Red List. Mbalameyi ili mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, monga mtundu, kuchuluka kwake kukucheperachepera.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mu 2007, Bank of Russia idapereka ndalama zachikumbutso zasiliva 1, zomwe zikuwonetsa steppe harrier, ndi ya Red Book.
The steppe harrier yalembedwa m'chiwonjezeko chachiwiri cha CITES, muzowonjezera nambala 2 pamisonkhano ya Bonn ndi Bern. Mbalameyi yatchulidwa mu cholowa cha mgwirizano womwe unamalizidwa pakati pa dziko lathu ndi India pamachitidwe apadera oteteza mbalame zosamuka. The steppe harrier imatetezedwa m'malo awa:
- Khopersky;
- Orenburg;
- Altai;
- Dziko lakuda lakuda.
Nthenga zalembedwa m'mabuku a Red Data Books akumadera osiyanasiyana mdziko lathu.Tikulimbikitsidwa kuzindikira malo obisalira mbalame nthawi zonse ndikuziteteza, komanso pakati pa anthu akumaloko kuti azilimbikitsa kusamalira mbalame zosowa ndi zodabwitsazi pofuna kuteteza nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutheratu. Akatswiri okhulupirira mbalame amakhulupirira kuti madera olonjeza kwambiri pazinthu zonsezi ndi Trans-Ural steppes ndi Western Siberia.
Tikukhulupirira kuti njira zonse zodzitetezera zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, ndipo chopondera ayamba kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono. Wodala kwambiri yemwe anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kuti aziwona mbalame zokongola komanso zolemekezekazo kuthengo, chifukwa kuuluka kwa mwezi ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo kuthamangira kwake mwachangu ndikodabwitsa. Sizachabe kuti chotchinjiracho chimasankha malo otseguka pamoyo wake, chifukwa mumakhalidwe ake munthu amatha kumverera kuti ndi wodziyimira pawokha komanso amakonda kwambiri ufulu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/15/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 15.08.2019 pa 0:57
