Marlin

Marlin Kodi ndi nsomba yayikulu, yamphongo yayitali yokhala ndi mphuno yayitali yodziwika ndi thupi lokhazikika, mkombero wautali wam'mbali ndi mphuno yozungulira yomwe imachokera pakamwa. Ndi oyendayenda omwe amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi pafupi ndi nyanja ndipo ndi nyama zomwe zimadya makamaka nsomba zina. Amadyedwa ndipo amatamandidwa kwambiri ndi asodzi amasewera.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Marlin

Marlin ndi membala wa banja la marlin, dongosolo lofanana ndi nsomba.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu inayi yayikulu ya marlin:

• Marlin wabuluu wopezeka padziko lonse lapansi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, nthawi zina yolemera makilogalamu 450 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndi nyama yakuda buluu yokhala ndi mimba yasiliva ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka mikwingwirima yowongoka. Blue marlin imakonda kumira kwambiri ndikutopa msanga kuposa ma marlins ena;
• Black marlin amakhala wamkulu kapena wokulirapo kuposa buluu. Amadziwika kuti amalemera makilogalamu opitilira 700. Indo-Pacific buluu kapena utoto, imvi pamwambapa ndi yopepuka pansipa. Zipsepse zake zolimba za pectoral ndizopendekeka ndipo sizingafanane ndi thupi popanda kukakamiza;
• mitsinje ya marlin, nsomba ina ku Indo-Pacific, yabuluu pamwamba ndi yoyera pansipa ndi mikwingwirima yowongoka. Nthawi zambiri sichipitilira 125 kg. Marlin wamizere amadziwika kuti ndiwokhoza kumenya nkhondo ndipo amadziwika kuti amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga kuposa m'madzi atazolowera. Amadziwika pothamanga ndi kuyenda mchira;
• White marlin (M. albida kapena T. albidus) ili m'malire ndi Atlantic ndipo ndi buluu wobiriwirako mtundu wokhala ndi mimba yopepuka ndi mikwingwirima yowongoka pambali. Kulemera kwake kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu 45. Ma marlins oyera, ngakhale ali mtundu waching'ono kwambiri, osalemera makilogalamu 100, amafunidwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwawo, luso lodumpha labwino komanso zovuta za nyamboyo ndikugwira nawo.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Momwe marlin amawonekera

Zizindikiro za blue marlin ndi izi:

• spiky anterior dorsal fin yomwe singafikire kuzama kwakuthupi;
• zipsepse zam'mbali (zam'mbali) sizokhwima, koma zimatha kupindidwa kutengera thupi;
• cobalt buluu kumbuyo komwe kumayera. Nyama ili ndi mikwingwirima yotumbululuka ya buluu yomwe nthawi zonse imatha ikafa;
• mawonekedwe achilengedwe onse ndi ozungulira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Black marlin nthawi zina amatchedwa "nyanja yamphongo" chifukwa champhamvu zake zazikulu, kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso kupirira kosavuta mukakodwa. Zonsezi mwachidziwikire zimawapangitsa kukhala nsomba yotchuka kwambiri. Nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi ubweya wofiirira wophimba thupi lawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zina amatchedwa "siliva marlin".

Kanema: Marlin

Zizindikiro zakuda marlin:

• kumapeto kotsika kotsika kokhudzana ndi kuzama kwa thupi (kocheperako kuposa ma marlins ambiri);
• milomo ndi thupi lalifupi kuposa mitundu ina;
• mdima wabuluu wakuda umasokera m'mimba yasiliva;
• zipsepse zolimba za pectoral zomwe sizingapinda.

White marlin ndiyosavuta kuzindikira. Nazi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana:

• chimbudzi chakumbuyo chimazungulira, nthawi zambiri kupitirira kuzama kwa thupi;
• mbandakucha, nthawi zina mtundu wobiriwira;
• mawanga pamimba, komanso pamapiko am'mimbamo ndi kumatako.

Makhalidwe a marlin amizere ndi awa:

• spiky dorsal fin, yomwe imatha kukhala yayitali kuposa kuzama kwa thupi lake;
• mikwingwirima yoyera yabuluu imawoneka, yomwe imatsalira ngakhale munthu atamwalira;
• mawonekedwe owonda, opanikizika kwambiri;
• zipsepse zosongoka za pectoral.

Kodi marlin amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Marlin munyanja ya Atlantic

Ma marlins amtundu wa buluu ndi nsomba za pelagic, koma sizimapezeka kawirikawiri m'madzi am'madzi osakwana 100 mita. Poyerekeza ndi ma marlins ena, mtundu wabuluu umagawana kwambiri. Amapezeka m'madzi akum'mawa ndi azungu a Australia komanso kutengera mafunde ofunda, mpaka kumwera ku Tasmania. Blue marlin amapezeka ku Pacific ndi Atlantic Ocean. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti nyanja yamtambo yamchere ya buluu yomwe imapezeka m'nyanja ya Pacific ndi Atlantic ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana, ngakhale kuti izi zimatsutsidwa. Zikuwoneka kuti mfundo ndiyakuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma marlin ambiri ku Pacific kuposa ku Atlantic.

Black marlin imapezeka kwambiri munyanja zotentha za Indian ndi Pacific. Amasambira m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso mozungulira matanthwe ndi zilumba, komanso amayenda panyanja. Nthawi zambiri amabwera kumadzi ozizira, nthawi zina amayenda kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope kupita ku Atlantic.

Ma marlins oyera amakhala m'madzi otentha a Atlantic komanso otentha nyengo, kuphatikiza Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, ndi Western Mediterranean. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya pafupi ndi gombe.

Marlin wamizeremizere amapezeka m'madzi otentha komanso ozizira a Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Mzere wa marlin ndi mitundu yosuntha kwambiri ya pelagic yomwe imapezeka pakuya kwamamita 289. Simawoneka kawirikawiri m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, pokhapokha ngati pali kutsika kwakukulu m'madzi akuya. Mzere wa marlin nthawi zambiri umakhala wekha, koma umapanga timagulu tating'onoting'ono panthawi yobereka. Amasaka nyama usiku.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe ma marlin amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nsomba iyi idya.

Kodi marlin amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Marlin nsomba

Blue marlin ndi nsomba yokhayokha yomwe imadziwika kuti imasuntha nyengo zonse, ikulowera ku equator nthawi yachisanu ndi chilimwe. Amadyetsa nsomba za epipelagic kuphatikiza mackerel, sardines, ndi anchovies. Amathanso kudyetsa squid ndi tizinyama tating'onoting'ono akapatsidwa mwayi. Ma marlins abuluu ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zothamanga kwambiri m'nyanja ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo kudula m'masukulu owongoka ndikubwerera kudzadya omwe adazunzidwa komanso kuvulala.

Black marlin ndiye chimake cha nyama zolusa zomwe zimadyetsa makamaka nsomba zazing'ono, komanso nsomba zina, squid, cuttlefish, octopus komanso ma crustaceans akulu. Zomwe zimatchedwa "nsomba zazing'ono" ndizopanda tanthauzo, makamaka mukawona kuti chotchinga chachikulu cholemera makilogalamu 500 chidapezeka ndi tuna wolemera makilogalamu 50 m'mimba mwake.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kafukufuku wochokera pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Australia akuwonetsa kuti nsomba zakuda zakuda zimawonjezeka mwezi wathunthu komanso milungu ingapo nyama zomwe zimadya zitadutsa, ndikukakamiza ma marlin kuti adye malo ambiri.

Marlin oyera amadyetsa nsomba zosiyanasiyana pafupi ndi masana, kuphatikizapo mackerel, herring, dolphins ndi nsomba zouluka, komanso squid ndi nkhanu.

Marlin wamizeremizere ndi chilombo cholimba kwambiri, chodya nsomba zazing'ono zingapo ndi nyama zam'madzi monga mackerel, squid, sardines, anchovies, nsomba za lanceolate, sardines ndi tuna. Amasaka m'malo ochokera kunyanja mpaka 100 mita. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya marlin, timizere timizereti timadula nyama yake ndi mlomo m'malo mongoboola.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Blue Marlin

Marlin ndi nsomba yankhanza, yolusa kwambiri yomwe imayankha bwino ikamayenda ndikutsika kuchokera kunyambo yopangidwa bwino.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kusodza marlin ndichimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri kwa angler aliyense. Marlin ndiwothamanga, othamanga ndipo akhoza kukhala wamkulu kwambiri. Mzere wa marlin ndi nsomba yachiwiri yachangu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kusambira mwachangu mpaka 80 km / h. Liwiro la ma marin akuda ndi amtambo limasiyanso nsomba zina zambiri zikuwatsatira.

Akangolowetsedwa, ma marlins amawonetsa kuthekera koyenera kwa ballerina - kapena mwina kungakhale kolondola kufananiza iwo ndi ng'ombe. Amavina ndikudumpha mlengalenga kumapeto kwa mzere wanu, ndikupatsa angler kumenyera nkhondoyo. Mosadabwitsa, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakhala zodziwika bwino pakati pa akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Mzere wa marlin ndi umodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba yokhala ndi machitidwe osangalatsa.:

• nsomba izi zimakhala zokha mwachilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha;
• amapanga timagulu tating'onoting'ono m'nyengo yobereka;
• mtundu uwu umasaka masana;
• amagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wawo wautali posaka ndi kudzitchinjiriza;
• nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka zikusambira mozungulira mipira ya nyambo (nsomba zazing'ono zimasambira mumapangidwe ozungulira), zomwe zimawapangitsa kukoka. Kenako amasambira kupyola nyamboyo mofulumira kwambiri, kuti agwire nyama yofooka.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Atlantic Marlin

Blue marlin imakonda kusamukira kudziko lina motero chifukwa chake sichidziwika bwino za nthawi yomwe imabereka komanso momwe zimakhalira. Komabe, ndizochuluka kwambiri, zimatulutsa mazira 500,000 pakubereka. Amatha kukhala zaka 20. Marlins amabuluu amabala pakatikati pa Pacific ndi pakati pa Mexico. Amakonda kutentha kwamadzi pakati pa 20 ndi 25 madigiri Celsius ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi madzi.

Malo odziwika bwino opangira ma marlin akuda, kutengera kupezeka kwa mphutsi ndi ana, amangokhala kumadera otentha otentha, pomwe kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala pafupifupi 27-28 ° C. Kubzala kumachitika nthawi inayake kumadera ena kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Pacific, ku Indian Ocean kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Exmouth, komanso makamaka ku Coral Sea kuchokera ku Great Barrier Reef pafupi ndi Cairns mu Okutobala ndi Novembala. Apa, kukayikiridwa kuti kubereka kumayambika kunawonedwa pomwe akazi "akulu" amatsatiridwa ndi amuna ang'onoang'ono angapo. Chiwerengero cha mazira achikazi chakuda chimatha kupitirira 40 miliyoni pa nsomba iliyonse.

Mzere wa marlin umatha msinkhu uli ndi zaka 2-3. Amuna amakula msanga kuposa akazi. Kuswana kumachitika chilimwe. Ma marlins okhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi nyama zobwerezabwereza zomwe akazi amatulutsa mazira masiku angapo, ndipo zochitika za 4-41 zimabereka nthawi yobereka. Zazimayi zimatha kutulutsa mazira okwana 120 miliyoni nyengo iliyonse. Njira yopangira ma marlin oyera sanaphunzirebe mwatsatanetsatane. Zimadziwika kokha kuti kuberekana kumachitika nthawi yotentha m'madzi akuya amadzi otentha kwambiri.

Adani achilengedwe a ma marlins

Chithunzi: Big Marlin

Marlins alibe adani ena achilengedwe kupatula anthu omwe amawakolola kuti agulitse. Imodzi mwa nsomba zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi imachitika m'madzi ofunda a Pacific Ocean kuzungulira Hawaii. Mwinanso ma marlin abuluu agwidwa pano kuposa kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi, ndipo ena mwa ma marlin akulu kwambiri omwe adalembedwapo agwidwa pachilumbachi. Mzinda wakumadzulo wa Kona ndi wodziwika padziko lonse chifukwa cha nsomba m'madzi, osati kokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nsomba zazikulu, komanso chifukwa cha luso komanso luso la oyang'anira ake.

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka Julayi, sitima zoyendetsa ndege kuchokera ku Cozumel ndi Cancun zimakumana ndimadzi amtundu wabuluu ndi oyera, komanso nsomba zina zoyera monga mabwato omwe amayenda m'madzi ofunda a Gulf Stream kupita kuderalo. Blue marlin nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kuno kuposa ku Pacific. Komabe, nsomba zing'onozing'ono, zimathamanga kwambiri, choncho msodziyo amakhalabe ali pankhondo yosangalatsa.

Marlin wakuda woyamba kugwidwa pamzere ndipo reel adagwidwa ndi dokotala waku Sydney yemwe anali akuwedza kuchokera ku Port Stephens, New South Wales ku 1913. Gombe lakum'maŵa kwa Australia tsopano ndi mecca yopha nsomba, ndipo buluu wamtambo ndi wakuda amakonda kupezeka m'makalata osodza m'derali.

Great Barrier Reef ndi malo okhawo omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti amaberekera ma marlin akuda, ndikupangitsa kum'mawa kwa Australia kukhala amodzi mwa malo odziwika bwino kwambiri ophera anthu akuda padziko lonse lapansi.

Mzere wa marlin nthawi zambiri umakhala nsomba zazikulu kwambiri ku New Zealand, ngakhale kuti ma anglers nthawi zina amatenga buluu wamtambo kumeneko. M'malo mwake, nsomba za blue marlin ku Pacific zawonjezeka pazaka khumi zapitazi. Tsopano amapezeka nthawi zonse kuzilumba zazilumba. Waihau Bay ndi Cape Runaway ndi malo odziwika bwino kwambiri ophera nsomba m'madzi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Momwe marlin amawonekera

Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa 2016, Pacific blue marlin sichidaphedwa. Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Pacific blue marlin kumayendetsedwa ndi a Billfish Working Group, a International Science Committee a mkono wa tuna ndi mitundu yofanana ndi tuna ku North Pacific.

Mbalame yoyera yamtengo wapatali ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panyanja. Imeneyi ndi mutu wantchito yayikulu yomanganso mayiko ena. Kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa kuti mitundu yofananira, nsomba yozungulira yamadzi amchere, imakhala ndi nsomba zochuluka kwambiri zotchedwa "white marlin." Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso chazambiri zaku white marlin chikuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mtundu wachiwiriwo, ndipo kuyerekezera kwam'mbuyomu kwa anthu azungu sikukhala kotsimikizika.

Ma marlins akuda sanayesedwebe ngati ali pachiwopsezo kapena pangozi. Nyama yawo imagulitsidwa yozizira kapena yozizira ku United States ndipo imakonzedwa ngati sashimi ku Japan. Komabe, m'malo ena a Australia ndi oletsedwa chifukwa chokhala ndi selenium yambiri komanso mercury.

Mzere wa marlin udalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo ndi mtundu wotetezedwa wa marlin. Ku Australia, ma marlin amizere amapezeka m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo ndipo ndi chandamale cha anglers. Mzere wa marlin ndi mtundu womwe umakonda madzi otentha, ozizira komanso nthawi zina ozizira. Marlin okhala ndi mizere nthawi zina amawasomanso kuti azisangalala ku Queensland, New South Wales ndi Victoria. Zosangalatsa izi zimayang'aniridwa ndi maboma aboma.

Marlin okhala ndi mizere sakuphatikizidwa mu IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Komabe, Greenpeace International idaphatikizira nsombazi pamndandanda wake wofiira wam'madzi mu 2010 popeza ma marlins akuchepa chifukwa cha usodzi wambiri. Kusodza kwamalonda nsomba izi kwakhala koletsedwa m'malo ambiri. Anthu omwe agwira nsombayi chifukwa chongosangalatsidwa amalangizidwa kuti ayiponye m'madzi osadya kapena kugulitsa.

Woyang'anira Marlin

Chithunzi: Marlene wochokera ku Red Book

Ma marlin catch omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma quota amayendetsedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nsomba za asodzi ogulitsa nsomba ndizochepa. Komanso zochepa ndi mtundu wa tackle womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwira ma marlin amizere. Asodzi amalonda amafunika kumaliza zolemba zawo paulendo uliwonse wopha nsomba komanso akaponya nsomba zawo padoko. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa.

Chifukwa ma marlin amizere imagwidwa ndi mayiko ena ambiri kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Pacific ndi Indian Ocean, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission ndi Indian Ocean Tuna Commission ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akuyang'anira nsomba zam'malo otentha ndi nsomba zina ku Pacific. ndi Indian Ocean ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Australia ndi membala wa mabungwe onsewa, komanso mayiko ena akuluakulu asodzi komanso mayiko azilumba zazing'ono.

Mabungwewa amakumana chaka chilichonse kuti aunikenso zomwe asayansi aposachedwa ndikukhazikitsa malire apadziko lonse lapansi a mitundu yayikulu ya tuna ndi mitundu yolanda monga mitsinje yamizere.Amanenanso zomwe membala aliyense ayenera kuchita kuti asamalire nsomba zam'malo otentha ndi mitundu yovuta, monga kunyamula owonera, kusinthana zambiri zausodzi ndikutsata zombo zapamadzi ndi satellite.

Commission imakhazikitsanso zofunika kwa omwe akuwona za sayansi, zausodzi, kutsatira satelayiti zombo zakuwedza ndi zida zophera nsomba kuti muchepetse zovuta zakutchire.

Marlin - nsomba yodabwitsa kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, posachedwa atha kukhala nyama zowopsezedwa ngati anthu apitiliza kuwagwira kuti agwiritse ntchito zamakampani. Pachifukwa ichi, mabungwe osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi akuyesetsa kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse nsombazi. Marlin amapezeka m'nyanja zonse zotentha komanso zotentha padziko lapansi. Marlin ndi mtundu wosamuka wa pelagic womwe umadziwika kuti umayenda makilomita mazana ambiri mumtsinje wa nyanja kufunafuna chakudya. Marlin wamizere akuwoneka kuti amayendetsa bwino kuzizira kozizira kuposa mitundu ina iliyonse.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/15/2019

Tsiku losintha: 28.08.2019 nthawi ya 0:00