Ambiri sanamvepo za mbalame yaying'ono ngati wothira... Zachidziwikire, mawonekedwe ake samawonekera kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi olimba mtima, chifukwa mbalameyo sichiwopa kulowa m'madzi achisanu. Tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa zovuta zonse za moyo wam'madzi, titaphunzira mawonekedwe ake akunja, malo okhala kwamuyaya, zokonda za chakudya, mawonekedwe a avian komanso mawonekedwe a nyengo yokhwima.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Olyapka
Gwape amatchedwanso mpheta yamadzi kapena madzi. Nthenga ili ndi dongosolo la odutsa komanso banja lodzaza. Banjali limaphatikizapo mbalame zazing'ono, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumakhala masentimita 18 mpaka 20. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi malamulo okhwima, mchira wawung'ono ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri.
Mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi milomo yolunjika yapakatikati, yomwe mphuno zake zimakutidwa ndi khungu lachikopa, valavu yomweyi imatseka ngalande zamakutu. Zipangizo zonsezi ndizofunikira kuti mbalame zizitha kuyenda bwinobwino. Nthenga za Diapkovyts ndizodzaza kwambiri, pafupi ndi thupi. Lamuloli limaphatikizapo mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umatchedwa "dipper", womwe uli ndi mitundu isanu ya mbalamezi.
Kanema: Olyapka
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- wothira wamba;
- wonyezimira wofiirira;
- wothira pakhosi wofiira;
- Womanga waku America;
- wothira mutu woyera.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu iwiri yoyambirira yam'madzi imakhala m'dziko lathu: wamba komanso bulauni. Tidzafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane lupanga lodziwika bwino pambuyo pake, lidzakhala gawo lalikulu m'nkhani yonseyi, ndipo tidzapereka zikhalidwe zazifupi kwa mitundu yonseyo.
Dothi lofiirira ndi laling'ono, kulemera kwake kumakhala magalamu 70 mpaka 80. Dzinalo limatchula mbalameyo, zikuwonekeratu kuti ili ndi utoto wonse wobiriwira. Chomangachi chimakhala ndi nthenga zolimba komanso zowirira, mulomo wakuthwa, mapiko amfupi ndi mchira. Mbalameyi imakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk, Kuriles, Japan, Korea, kum'mawa kwa China, Indochina, Himalaya.
Nkhandwe yaku America yasankha Central America ndi gawo lakumadzulo kwa North America. Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, kudera lamutu utoto umasinthanso kukhala nthenga zofiirira, nthenga zakale zitha kupezeka pakope, kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 17, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 46 okha. Mbalameyi ndi yamiyendo yayitali kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imayenda m'mitsinje yamapiri othamanga.
Mbawalayo idakhala m'chigawo cha South America (Peru, Bolivia. Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia). Bizinesi yam nthenga yakuda ndi yoyera. Pa suti yakuda, kapu yoyera ndi babu loyera ndizosiyana.
Wokoka pakhosi lofiira, monga wachibale wake wakale, adalembetsedwa ku South America, amakhala kumapiri a Andes pafupi ndi mitsinje yamitsinje ndi mitsinje, amapezeka kumtunda mpaka makilomita a 2.5, okhala m'mitengo ya alder. Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi khungu lofiira, lomwe limadutsa pang'ono m'mawere, mawu ake onse ndi otuwa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chowotchera chikuwoneka bwanji
Titalongosola mwachidule mitundu inayi ya Dipper, tiyeni tifotokozere mwatsatanetsatane zakunja ndi zina za Dipper. Mbalameyi idatchedwa mpheta yamadzi kapena thrush ndendende chifukwa imafanana ndi mbalamezi. Potengera kukula kwake, wothira wamba amakhala patsogolo pa mpheta, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 17 mpaka 20 cm komanso kulemera kwake kuyambira 50 mpaka 85 magalamu. Mapiko a mbalame muzitali amatha kutalika kwa 25 mpaka 30 cm.
Chiwerengerocho ndi cholimba komanso cholimba, mbalameyo imakhala yolimba. Mbalame yamiyendo yayitaliyo ili ndi mapiko afupiafupi ndi mchira wawung'ono wopindika pang'ono. Mtundu waukulu wa zovala za Dipper ndi bulauni wachuma. M'dera la khosi, bere ndi gawo lakumtunda kwa mimba, malaya oyera oyera amaso mosiyana. Pamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu, mtundu wa nthengawo ndi bulauni yakuda, ndipo kumbuyo, mchira ndi kumtunda kwa mapikowo, mawonekedwe amdima wakuda amawonekera. Mukayang'anitsitsa mbalameyi, muwona kuti kumbuyo kwake kuli ndi tizilomboto tosaoneka pang'ono, ndipo nsonga za nthenga za mbalamezo ndi zakuda.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti palibe kusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna, amuna amawoneka ofanana ndi akazi, koma omalizirawo ndi ocheperako ndipo amalemera pang'ono, ngakhale simungazindikire izi, ndipo mtundu wawo ndi womwewo. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, utoto ndi wopepuka kuposa anthu okhwima. Achinyamata amadziwika ndi kusiyanasiyana kwapadera kwa gawo lakumbuyo. Mtundu woyera pakhosi pang'onopang'ono umasanduka pamimba pamvi, ndipo kumbuyo ndi mapiko zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Pansi pakepalibe phula, ndipo mulomo wakewo ndi wolimba kwambiri komanso wophwatalala pang'ono kuchokera m'mbali mwake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Olyapka ndiye yekhayo amene amangodumphira pansi ndikuyenda pansi pamadzi ngakhale kunja kukuzizira kwambiri (mpaka madigiri makumi anayi). Mbalameyi imadzipangira chakudya poyenda mwaluso pansi pamadzi.
Chifukwa chakuti Dipper ndiwosambira wolimba mtima komanso wosambira, chilengedwe chakhala ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe ofunikira kusambira. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi khola lapadera lachikopa pakhomo lotsegulira khutu, lomwe limatsekedwa pomwe wolowerera uja amalumphira m'madzi, motero amatseka njira yopita kumadzi kuti isalowe mu ngalande ya khutu. Mavavu amtundu womwewo amapezeka m'mphuno. Gwape amakhala ndi chithokomiro chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chimakulirapo kakhumi kuposa cha mbalame zam'madzi.
Chifukwa cha ichi, mbalameyi ili ndi mafuta ambiri, yomwe imapaka mosamala nthenga kuti isanyowe m'madzi oundana. Miyendo yambiri ya mbalame imathandizira kuyenda mwaluso m'mbali mwa miyala komanso pansi. Zoyikapo zamiyendo ndi zala zinayi, chala chilichonse chimakhala ndi chikhadabo chakuthwa, chimodzi mwa izo chimayang'ana kumbuyo, ndi zina zonse - patsogolo.
Chosangalatsa: Dean ali ndi mandala ozungulira ndi cornea yosalala, ndichifukwa chake imatha kuwona bwino ikamizidwa m'madzi.
Kodi womiza amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Diapka mbalame
Osati pachabe kuti wothira amatchedwa wopatuka kapena mpheta yamadzi; mbalameyi imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, makamaka ndi kuthamanga kwachangu, chifukwa nthawi yozizira samazizira konse. Mphalapala wamba zakhala zikukwera mapiri ndi mapiri ataliatali, ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia, kupatulapo kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa Siberia. Mbalameyi imakhala kum'mwera chakumadzulo komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa (kumapiri a Atlas).
Nthenga yomweyi idakhazikikanso kuzilumba zotsatirazi:
- Orkney;
- Zolemba;
- Achihebri;
- Great Britain;
- Sicily;
- Maine;
- Kupro;
- Ireland.
Kukula kwa Eurasia, woudzulayo wasankha:
- Finland;
- Norway;
- Scandinavia;
- Mayiko a Asia Minor;
- Carpathians;
- Kumpoto ndi Kum'mawa kwa Iran;
- Caucasus;
- Kola Peninsula ndi gawoli pang'ono kumpoto.
Ponena za dziko lathu, wopha anthu wamba amakhala m'mapiri akumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Siberia, pafupi ndi Murmansk, m'chigawo cha Karelia. Mbalameyi idapita ku Caucasus, Urals, Central Asia. M'mapiri osatseguka, simudzawona oponyera miyala; zitsanzo zoyenda zokha zomwe zitha kuyendera. Pakatikati mwa Siberia, mbalameyi imakhazikika m'mapiri a Sayan. M'dera la Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, womasulira amakhala m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, kufalikira kudera lamapiri. Olyapa adawonedwanso mdera la Yenisei, m'malo omwe mumakhala malo otsegulira madzi oundana m'nyengo yozizira.
Chosangalatsa: Asayansi-akatswiri okhulupirira mbalame amakhulupirira kuti m'nyengo yozizira mbalame zambiri zimakhala m'malo amenewo a Sayan Mountains komwe kumapezeka chithandizo cha karst. Pali mitsinje yomwe imachokera kunyanja zapansi panthaka, ngakhale chisanu chimakhala chotentha, madzi ake amakhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 4 mpaka 8 okhala ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera.
Dipper amakonzekeretsa zisa zake m'mbali mwa mitsinje ya taiga, yomwe ili ndi miyala. Amakonda kumanga zisa m'mitsinje yonyowa komanso yakuya, mitsinje yamiyala pafupi ndi mathithi ndi akasupe, omwe samakhala ndi ayezi chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.
Amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Oolyapka akuthawa
Monga tanenera kale, womizirayo amalowerera mwaluso ngakhale m'madzi ozizira kwambiri potentha kwambiri. Mbalameyi imachita izi kuti ipeze chakudya chokha. Nthawi zambiri, womangayo amachita nawo kusambira pamadzi m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe kumakhala chotukuka pansi pachikuto cha chisanu. Atatuluka m'madzi oundana, womwazayo samawopa chisanu choopsa, amagwedeza nthenga zake modekha ndikumayimba mokweza, ndikumalumphira. Ngakhale Vitaly Bianchi adamutcha "mbalame yopenga" makamaka chifukwa cha luso lodabwitsa ili.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Olyapka samangodziwa kumira m'madzi, komanso amathamangira pansi, samachita mpweya pafupifupi mphindi yonse, pomwe amayenda kuchokera kumadzi ozizira kuchokera 10 mpaka 20 mita, ndikulowa mpaka mita, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuzama.
Womanga wamba samatsutsana ndi chotupitsa:
- mphutsi za mitundu yonse ya tizilombo;
- nkhanu;
- ntchentche;
- Nkhono;
- ntchentche za caddis;
- mwachangu ndi nsomba zazing'ono;
- nsomba za pansi;
- tizilombo zakufa zomwe zagwera m'madzi.
Mbawala sizimakonda kusaka m'madzi aulesi, pomwe pali mabanki okulirapo. Menyu ya nsomba za mbalameyi imakhalapo nthawi yachisanu, ngakhale woyimitsa yekha amayamba kutulutsa fungo la nsomba. Ma dippers amapeza chakudya chawo osati m'madzi am'madzi okhaokha, mbalame zimayang'ananso chakudya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kupeza tizilombo tobisala pansi pamiyala, kuti tipeze chakudya, mbalame zimayang'ananso ndere za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Eni amphero amadzi adawona m'masiku ozizira kwambiri oponya mavuzi adakokota mafuta achisanu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupaka mafuta pagudumu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Oolyapka ku Russia
Mbawala ndi mbalame zokhala pansi, koma zina (osati anthu ambiri) zimasamukasamuka. Mabanja omwe amangokhala amakhala ndi malo pafupifupi makilomita awiri kutalika. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira yovuta kwambiri, mbalamezo zimakhalabe zokhulupirika patsamba lawo, zomwe zimasungidwa ndi oyandikana nawo, kotero nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mitsinje yam'mapiri ndi mitsinje imakhala anthu ambiri ochokera kumtsinje mpaka kumapeto.
Mbalame za mbalame zosamukasamuka zimauluka m'nyengo yozizira kupita kumalo omwe kuli kotseguka pamitsinje yomwe imathamanga kwambiri, komwe amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Omata ena amakonda kuwulukira kumwera, ndipo pakufika masika amabwerera kumalo omwe amawadziwa, komwe amayamba kukonzanso zisa zawo chaka chatha. Munthawi yodzala, nkhani yosungitsa malire a magawo a mbalame imakhala yovuta, kuyambira Mpheta zamadzi zimalimbirana chakudya. Mbalame iliyonse ili ndi miyala yowonera yomwe imayang'anitsitsa nyama zomwe zingawadye. Chifukwa cha miyala yotereyi, mikangano imabuka pakati pa oyandikana nawo omwe amawononga katundu wa wina.
Pofika m'mawa, woyimba uja amayimba nyimbo zake ndikutsogolera kusaka mwachangu, pakati pamakhala mikangano ndi abale omwe amapita kuzinthu za anthu ena. Popeza adakumana ndi omwe akuphwanya malire, mbalamezi zimapitilizabe kufunafuna chakudya, ndipo chifukwa chakutentha kwamasana zimakonda kubisala pamithunzi yamiyala kapena pakati pamiyala. Madzulo, womwazayo akuyambiranso kugwira ntchito, kutenga chakudya chake chamadzulo, kulowa m'mitsinje, mitsinje ndikupitilizabe kumvekera. Madzulo, mbalamezi zimagona, malo awo obisalako amakhala ndi ndowe za mbalame. Nyengo yoipa siyikugwirizana ndi womangirira, madzi amakhala amitambo, motero kupeza chotupitsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Mvula ikagwa, woyimilira amauluka mpaka kumalo opanda phokoso ndi masamba a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe amapitilizabe kudyetsa, kufunafuna chisangalalo pakati pa nthambi ndi zina.
Tanena kale luso losambira ndi kumiza, ntchentche yamphongo imakhalanso yolimba, koma imakonda kuti isakwere kwambiri. Wokumba pang'ono amakhala wolimba mtima komanso wosasamala pang'ono, amatha kudziponya mumtsinje wamkuntho kapena kamvuluvulu, saopa kuwoloka mtsinjewo, amasambira mwachangu komanso bwino, akugwira ntchito ndi mapiko ake ozungulira pang'ono ngati opalasa. Mbalame yolimba mwachangu imadula mitsinje yamphamvu ya mathithi ndi phiko lake. Dean amatha kulowa m'madzi pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina amalowa m'madzi amodzi, ngati othamanga kuchokera ku nsanja. Kuti ifulumire pafupi ndi pansi pake, imafalitsa mapiko ake mwanjira yapadera, ndipo ikawapinda, imadumphira m'madzi nthawi yomweyo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali nthano zonena za woumba mopanda mantha, anthu akumpoto ali ndi chizolowezi chopachika phiko lonyika pamphika. Amakhulupirira kuti chithumwa chimapangitsa ana kukhala olimba, sadzasamala za chisanu chilichonse, ana sadzawopa madzi ndipo amakula kukhala asodzi abwino.
Ma Dippers amaimba ma roulade awo nthawi zonse, omwe ali ndi luso kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi amuna, omwe nyimbo zawo zimakhala zomveka bwino, nthawi zina zimasiyanitsidwa ndikudina mwakachetechete komanso mokuwa. Anthu ozindikira amayerekezera zodumphira mbalame ndi mtsinje wodekha wa m'mapiri womwe ukuyenda modutsa miyala. Gwapeyo amathanso kutulutsa mawu osokosera ngati kulira, koma samatero kawirikawiri. Wokuwimbayo amayimba mokondwera komanso modabwitsa masika, masiku ali bwino komanso dzuwa, koma chisanu sichitha kutontholetsa kambalame kakang'ono aka, komwe kamapitilizabe nyimbo yake ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Oolyapka
Ma Dippers amakhala okhwima pogonana mchaka chawo choyamba chamoyo. Nthawi yawo yaukwati ndi koyambirira - Marichi. Pakadali pano, mbalamezi zimachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, odzazidwa bwino ndi ma trod melodic, ndiye kuti aliyense amakhala ndi gawo lake. Kugonana kumachitika pakati pa mwezi woyamba wa masika, koma ma dipper nthawi zambiri amaberekana kawiri pachaka.
Mbalame zimakonza chisa chawo pamodzi, ndikumanga:
- m'ming'alu ndi miyala;
- pakati pa mizu yayikulu;
- pa matanthwe pamene paikapo sod;
- pansi pamilatho ndi pamitengo yotsika;
- pakati pa miyala;
- m'maenje osiyidwa;
- padziko lapansi.
Kuti apange chisa, omata amagwiritsa ntchito moss, mizu yazomera, masamba owuma, algae, amatha kukhala ozungulira kapena ozungulira, ndipo cholowacho chimafanana ndi chubu. Malo okhala Dipper ndiwokulirapo komanso okulirapo, amatha kufika masentimita 40 m'mimba mwake, ndipo khomo lolowera lili ndi masentimita asanu ndi anayi (kuyerekezera, khomo la nyenyezi silidutsa masentimita 5). Mbalamezi zimadziwa bwino kubisala malo awo okhala, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziwona.
Chowotchera chimatha kukhala ndi mazira 4 mpaka 7, koma avareji, pali asanu. Zili zazikulu kwambiri, chipolopolocho ndi choyera. Malinga ndi lingaliro limodzi, mayi woyembekezera amachita nawo makulitsidwe, omwe mnzake amadyetsa. Malinga ndi kaonedwe kena kake, mbalame zimaswana mwana wake kamodzi. Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku 18 mpaka 20.
Chosangalatsa: Chachikazi chimafungatira ana ake mosamala kwambiri, sangasiye chomenyeracho, ngakhale atawona chowopseza, ndiye pakadali pano atha kutengedwa kuchokera pachisa m'manja mwake.
Nthawi zambiri kumakhala chinyezi m'malo obisalira, mazira ena amawola, ndipo ndi anapiye awiri okha (kawirikawiri atatu) omwe amabadwa. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana pafupifupi masiku 20-25, kenako anapiye amasiya chisa ndikubisala m'miyala ndikukula, chifukwa sakutha kunyamuka panobe. Makolo amaphunzitsa ana kuti apeze chakudya, pambuyo pake ana amasiya nyumba ya abambo awo, ndipo amayi ndi abambo amakonzekera kuoneka ngati ana atsopano. Kale mchaka chamawa chotsatira, ma dippers achichepere amayamba kufunafuna awiriawiri. M'malo awo achilengedwe, mbalame zimatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri, mu izi zimathandizidwa ndi masomphenya abwino komanso chidwi chakumva, kuwongolera komanso kusamala.
Adani achilengedwe a omwaza
Chithunzi: Chowotchera chikuwoneka bwanji
Mthandizi samasiyana pamitundu yayikulu, chifukwa chake ali ndi adani ambiri m'malo ake achilengedwe. Mu zikhadabo, milomo ndi miyendo ya osafunira zabwino, anapiye ang'onoang'ono, nyama zazing'ono zopanda nzeru ndi mazira a mbalame nthawi zambiri amagwa. Mbalame zokhwima zimatha kuthawa mdaniyo posambira pansi kwambiri kapena kukwera m'mwamba. M'madzi ozama, owotchera amabisala nyama zolanda nthenga zomwe zili pamwamba, ndipo pamwamba pake mbalamezo zimadikirira zoopsa za nyama zakutchire zomwe siziopa kusambira kuti zigwire mpheta yamadzi.
Adani a dippers amatha kuwerengedwa:
- amphaka wamba;
- martens;
- mbalambanda
- ziphuphu;
- mbalame zodya nyama;
- makoswe.
Zowopsa kwambiri komanso zowopsa kwambiri kwa mbalame ndi makoswe, omwe amasaka, makamaka, makanda omwe sanachoke pachisa. Makoswe amatha kulowa ngakhale zisa zomwe zili m'matanthwe akuthwa, okutidwa ndi mitsinje yamadzi. Nyama zina sizingafikire kumisasa yotereyi, ndipo makoswe amatha kukwerako.
Pozindikira kuwopseza, munthu wokhwima m'madzi amayesa kubisala m'madzi kapena kuwuluka, akuuluka kuchokera pamwala kupita kwina kuti athawe mdaniyo. Mdaniyo akapanda kubwerera m'mbuyo ndikupitirizabe kuchita zinthu zoopsa, mbalame ya nthenga ija, yomwe imayenda mtunda wa masitepe 500 kuchokera pa iye, imawuluka mwamphamvu ndikuuluka kuchoka pamalo pomwe ingakhale.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Diapka mbalame
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti anthu onse omwe amakhala ndi ma dipper kuyambira 700,000 mpaka 1.7 miliyoni okhwima. International Union for the Conservation of Nature mu 2018 idatchula mbalame yaying'ono iyi m'gulu lazinthu zomwe sizikudetsa nkhawa kwenikweni. Mwanjira ina, kuchuluka kwa mbalame sikuyambitsa vuto lililonse m'mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe, chifukwa chake, ma dipers safuna njira zodzitetezera, mbalamezi sizinalembedwe pamndandanda wofiira.
Zachidziwikire, kutha kwa wonyezimira wamba sikukuwopsezedwa, koma kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe sizingakhale nkhawa. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa uku ndi kuipitsa matupi amadzi chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Chifukwa choti munthu amataya zinyalala zamakampani m'mitsinje, nsomba zambiri, zomera ndi zamoyo zina zomwe mpheta zimadyetsa zimafa. Makamaka pachifukwa ichi, ziweto za diapkovy zidayamba kuchepa mdera la Germany ndi Poland.
M'madera ena (mwachitsanzo, Kumwera kwa Europe) kuchuluka kwa ma dipipers kwatsikiranso kwambiri, izi zidakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito yamagetsi opangira magetsi ndi makina amphamvu othirira omwe amasintha kuthamanga kwa mitsinje. Gwape samadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zamtundu umodzi, koma mbalame samaopa anthu, ma dipper nthawi zambiri amawonedwa pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu mdera lamapiri. Anthu ayenera kulingalira za mphepo yawo yamkuntho ndipo, nthawi zina, zowononga kuti athetse mbalame yaying'ono komanso yolimba mtima iyi kuti isapeze masamba a Red Books.
Pamapeto pake, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti womwazayo atha kutchedwa munthu wotchuka. Osangokhala zikhulupiriro zodziwika bwino za iye, Vitaly Bianki adamutchula m'chilengedwe chake, ndipo Nikolai Sladkov adapereka kwa birdie nkhani yaana yotchedwa "Nyimbo Pansi pa Ice". Ndipo womangayo wakhala akugwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro komanso mbalame ya dziko la Norway kwazaka zopitilira khumi (kuyambira 1960). Kulimba mtima kwake pamaso pa madzi oundana komanso luso lake loyenda pansi pamadzi wothira amasilira ambiri, sizachabe kuti adamupatsa dzina loti wosinthana.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/14/2019
Idasinthidwa: 14.08.2019 pa 23:04
