Chinjoka cha nsomba - mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yowopsa. Amapezeka mu Nyanja Yakuda, Mediterranean ndi Atlantic. Mtunduwo umaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo, yomwe pakati pake pali mitundu yofanana ndi yomwe ili yofanana ndi nyanja zam'nyanja. Nsomba zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pawo komanso kunja. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti Chinjoka Chachikulu cha Nyanja ndi nsomba yakupha yomwe ndi yowopsa kwa asodzi komanso alendo. ndichifukwa chake kuli kofunikira kudziwa kusiyana kwake kwakukulu ndi moyo wake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Dragon Fish
Chinjoka chachikulu chakunyanja ndi cha ray-finned (perch). Koma kakang'ono (kosasunthika, kosankha masanza) ndi gawo lina la nsomba za singano ndipo ndi lanyanja. Magulu awiri akuluwa a Draconi amasiyana pafupifupi chilichonse: kuyambira mawonekedwe mpaka mawonekedwe amoyo. Ngakhale palinso chinthu chodziwika bwino - nsomba zonsezi ndi zolusa.
Kanema: Nsomba Zanjoka
Zonsezi, mitundu 9 ikuluikulu imasiyanitsidwa pakati pa zimbalangondo. Nthawi yomweyo, chosangalatsa ndichakuti ngakhale masiku ano, mndandandawu umadzazidwanso ndi mitundu yatsopano.Ulitali wa thupi la nsomba umasiyana masentimita 15 mpaka 55. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wanji wa chinjoka.
Nthawi zambiri nsomba zimakhala usiku. Zinyama zazikulu zimasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chodziwika kuti ndi nsomba zapoizoni. Mwa iwo okha, palibe zilonda m'thupi ndipo poyizoni amangokhala paminga. Amakhulupirira kuti siipha anthu. Koma zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina zosokoneza ndi kusokonezeka kwa ntchito ya mtima.
Mabuku ambiri amapereka chidziwitso chakuti iyi ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zoyambirira zomwe zidapezeka padzikoli. Mwa njira, ndizosangalatsa kuti zimbalangondo zazing'ono zili m'gulu la nsomba zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe, pomwe chinjoka chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowopsa ndi mawonekedwe ake, ngakhale kwa ena chimafanana ndi goby wamba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe nsomba ya chinjoka imawonekera
Chinjoka chaudzu chimawerengedwa kuti chachikulu kwambiri pakati pa omwe akuyimira mtunduwo - chimatha kutalika kwa theka la mita. Imadziwikanso kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri pakati pama subtypes of seahorses. Chofunika kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndendende ndi zokongoletsa zokongola za thupi.
Chinjoka cham'madzi chosasunthika chimafanana m'njira zambiri ndi nyanja yapamadzi yapamtunda, chosankhira chiguduli chimakhala ndi mtundu wosadziwika bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, ikadutsa pamadzi, nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi ndere zanthawi zonse. Mphuno yopyapyala, mutu wophwatalala ndi thupi lokhalitsa ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa chinjoka chaching'ono chakunyanja ndi unyinji wonse.
Thupi lonse ndikutuluka kodabwitsa ndi kochepa thupi ndikukula pang'onopang'ono ngati lobes. Amapangidwa kuti aziteteza nsomba kwa adani, chifukwa apo ayi ilibe mwayi - liwiro loyenda kwa ankhandwe ang'onoang'ono samapitilira 150 m / h.
Mtundu wa chinjoka chaching'ono umasiyana kwambiri. Yellow ndi pinki zimapezekanso pano, pamwamba pake pali madontho a ngale. Mikwingwirima yopapatiza ya buluu, yolinganizidwa mozungulira, imakongoletsa kutsogolo kwa thupi la nsombayo.
Chinjoka chachikulu sichowoneka bwino, koma chosadabwitsa. Korona wakuda wokhala ndi minga amatha kuwona pamutu pake, komanso masewera m'chigawo cha ma gill. Mutu wa nsombayi ndi yayikulu ndi nsagwada yayikulu, yomwe ili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono. Ndevu yaitali ili pa nsagwada m'munsi. Zimanenanso kuti nsomba ya chinjoka ili ndi maso akulu kwambiri komanso owonetsa. Ngakhale anali ndi nkhanza zoterezi, kukula kwa nsombayo sikuchititsa chidwi kwambiri - kutalika kwa thupi kumangofika masentimita 15-17.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chinjoka chodyera cha m'nyanja chimakhala ndi zochita zambiri mthupi lake, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi unyinji wonse ndikuupangitsa kuwoneka ngati cholengedwa chopambana kuposa nsomba. M'malo mwake, njirazi sizigwira ntchito iliyonse - zimangobisalira.
Kodi nsomba zanjoka zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chinjoka cha m'nyanja
Habitat ndi zomwe amakonda pamadzi zimadalira mtundu wa chinjoka cham'madzi chomwe chikuwerengedwa. Zinyama zosasunthika komanso zaudzu, zomwe ndi abale apanyanja, zimakonda madzi akumwera ndi Western Australia. Madzi abwino kwambiri okhala kwawo ndi madzi otentha pang'ono pafupi ndi gombe.
Chinjoka chachikulu cham'madzi ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Amapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula kwake ndi North and South Poles. Malo okondedwa kwambiri a chinjoka ndi madera amchenga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Bulgaria ndi malo abwino okha kwa iwo. Chinjoka chimatha kumva bwino m'madzi akuya komanso pafupi ndi gombe.
Muthanso kukumana ndi zinyama zamtunduwu mu Black Sea. Koma zimbalangondo zofala kwambiri zam'madzi zili m'malo otentha. Kumeneko amapezeka pamtunda wozama mpaka 1.5 km. Ngati nsombazo zimapita kumadera akuya kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndizochepa. Cholinga chake ndikuti amafunika kusaka, ndipo izi zimatheka kokha m'malo omwe mungabisalire ndikudikirira nyama.
Kwa nsomba za chinjoka, izi zitha kuchitika ndikubisalira pansi pamchenga. Kutsiliza: chinjoka chimangofunika kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi pansi momwe zingathere. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kuchitika m'malo okhawo omwe amakhala pansi kwambiri. Chinjokacho chimangokhala nsomba zam'nyanja motero sichimalowa mkamwa mwa mtsinje, chifukwa chake palibe choyenera kuwopa.
Mwa njira, munyanja zomwe zili ndi mchere wochuluka kwambiri m'madzi, kapoloyo samamvanso nkhawa. Nyanja yokhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso madzi ofunda amawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri nsomba. Nthawi yomweyo, chinjokacho chimatha kusintha nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Black Sea, madzi amatha kuzizira nthawi yozizira - izi sizilepheretsa chinjoka chachikulu kuti chimve bwino kumeneko.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nsomba za chinjoka zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi nsomba za chinjoka zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nsomba zanjoka ku Nyanja Yakuda
Mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, zimbalangondo zam'nyanja zonse ndizodya, chifukwa chake zimadya nyama zina zam'madzi. Crustaceans ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndizomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, chinjoka chachikulu chimakhala ndi moyo wokangalika, motero kumakhala kosavuta kuti iye apeze chakudya. Popeza kugwira nsomba nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta, nyama zakutchire zimapangabe chakudya cha chinjoka chachikulu cham'nyanja. Koma pa chakudya chomera, mosiyana ndi mnzake wazitsamba, iye samadya.
Chinjoka chaching'ono cham'nyanja chilibe mano motero chimangomeza nyama yake. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba iyi imakonda shrimp, yomwe imameza mpaka 3 zikwi patsiku. Amathanso kudya nsomba zazing'ono, kungoyamwa chakudya. M'madzi osaya, chinjoka chaching'ono chimathanso kudya ndere kapena kusonkhanitsa zinyalala za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Imfa chifukwa chakupha ndi chinjoka chanyanja. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha imfa - kukula kwa mtima kulephera. Kugwidwa ndi zopweteka kulinso koopsa.
Popeza zimbalangondo zimakhala m'madzi ofunda, nthawi zambiri sipakhala zoletsa zanyengo. Koma kwa okhala m'madzi ozizira, chilengedwe chimapereka mwayi wosamukira kunyengo yamadzi ofunda. Mwa njira, ngakhale chinjoka chachikulu chili chothamanga kwambiri kuposa chaching'ono, chimakonda kusathamangitsa nyama yake, koma kutenga malo odikira ndikuwona pansi pamadzi. Ndi nthawi zosowa zokha pomwe anyani amasaka m'masukulu. Amakonda kwambiri kusaka okha.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba zam'nyanja
Moyo ndi machitidwe a zimbalangondo zam'madzi zimasiyana kutengera mtundu wanji womwe umaganiziridwa. Nsomba zonse zamtunduwu ndizodya, koma palinso kusiyanasiyana kwakusiyana kwamakhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikusaka nthumwi zina za m'nyanja yakuya. Chinjoka chachikulu chimakhala nthawi yayitali kufunafuna nyama, chimakhala chobisalira ndikudikirira wotsatira wotsatira.
Nthawi yomweyo, chinjoka chaching'ono cha m'nyanja sichowopsa ndipo sichingawopseze anthu ndi nsomba zina zambiri. Ngakhale alinso chilombo, samasakabe mwachangu. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa choti zakudya zazomera zimatha kuphatikizidwa pazakudya. Zinyama zazikulu zimakonda kukhala moyo wosungulumwa, pomwe anyani ang'onoang'ono amakhala modyerana.
Mitundu iyi ili ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - kufuna kubisala momwe zingathere. Ngati zimbalangondo zazikulu zimakonda kukadzibisa mumchenga, ndiye kuti zing'onozing'ono zimangobisalira ndere. Zinyama zazing'ono zimatha kuphatikizana mwaluso kotero kuti sizimadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali. Chinjoka chikasaka, nthawi zambiri chimangodzibisa mumchenga kapena silt. Kumeneko amangodikirira wovulalayo.
Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha izi, chinjokacho chimatha kukhala chowopsa osati pazamoyo zina zam'madzi zokha, koma koposa zonse kwa anthu. Ngakhale kuwona chinjoka cha m'nyanja, ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi goby wosavuta. Koma nthawi zambiri, chinjokacho sichimadziwika m'madzi. Izi zikuwopseza kuti mutha kungopondapo, poyankha momwe nsombayo imaluma ndikubayira poizoni.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nsomba ya Nyanja Yakuda
Zinyama zazing'ono zam'nyanja ndi makolo odabwitsa chabe. Amasamalira ana awo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amatenga nawo gawo kwambiri pantchitoyi. Mosiyana ndi anzawo (ma skate), zimbalangondo zazing'ono zilibe chikwama momwe mumatha kunyamula mazira mopanda chisoni. Pano, chilengedwe chimapereka njira yovuta kwambiri: mazira obereketsa amakhala otetezedwa pansi pa mchira wamwamuna mothandizidwa ndi madzi apadera.
Mkaziyo amatsegulira mazira ofiira owala pafupifupi 120, omwe kenako amapatsidwa umuna. Atatha kukonza awiriawiri, amalumikizana mwachangu, ndikukonzekera magule othamangitsa, pomwe nsombazo zimayandikira wina ndi mnzake ndikusintha mtundu wawo kukhala wowala. Pakadutsa pafupifupi masabata 6-8, zimbalangondo zazing'ono zimabadwa.
Kunja, amafanana kwathunthu ndi makolo awo ndipo palibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Kenako amatha kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndikufika pa unamwali pofika zaka ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri (pafupifupi 5%), nsomba zimapitilizabe kukhala ndi makolo awo.
Chinjoka chachikulu cham'nyanja chimakonda kuswana m'madzi osaya kwambiri. Mwezi wa Meyi-Novembala, nsomba zimayandikira kugombe kuti zibereke. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyandikira pafupi ndi gombe kumadalira mtundu wa nsomba. Mwachitsanzo, chinjoka cha Nyanja Yakuda sichimayandikira panthawiyi kumadera omwe kuya kwake ndi mamita 20. Chinjoka chachikulu chimayikira mazira ake mumchenga. Zotsatira zake, mwachangu zidzawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba za chinjoka
Chithunzi: Nsomba zanjoka zapoizoni
Mwachilengedwe, adani a zinsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu zowononga. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosavuta kuti chinjoka chachikulu chiziteteze, chifukwa cha munga ndi poyizoni. Anangumi aamuna ndi nsomba zina zikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimaukira ankhandwe, kumangowameza limodzi ndi nsomba zina.
Nthawi zina zimbalangondo zimatha kulanda nyama zomwe zimayandikira kunyanja. Ngati mumagwira bwino ndikudya nsomba, mutha kudya mosavuta, ndikungochotsa pansi pamchenga.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mmodzi mwa adani akuluakulu a chinjoka cha m'nyanja ndi munthu. Ngakhale kuti nsombayo ndi yoopsa, nyama yake ndiyokoma kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati mungadule bwino nsomba, mutha kuyidya popanda vuto lililonse.
Zinyama zazing'ono zam'nyanja (abale a ma skate) ndi omwe atengeka kwambiri ndi ngoziyi. Nthawi zambiri anthu amatha kuvulaza nsomba mosazindikira, poyesera kuigwedeza kapena ngakhale kuyikoka m'madzi kuti aifufuze bwinobwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kugwira nsomba kumalangidwa kwambiri malinga ndi malamulo aku Australia.
Anthu ena okhala m'nyanja yakuya ndi owopsa kwa iwo chifukwa chakuti zimbalangondo zimasambira moyipa komanso pang'onopang'ono. Komanso, mosiyana ndi chinjoka chachikulu, zilibe poizoni ndipo zilibe zida zilizonse zomwe zingawateteze ku kulowerera kwa nsomba zina kapena anthu. Chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chingapulumutse chinjoka ku nsomba zowononga - mtundu wake, womwe umathandiza kubisala mosavuta ndikukhala wosawonekera.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe nsomba ya chinjoka imawonekera
Ndi kovuta kwambiri kuwunika molondola kuchuluka kwa zinsomba zam'nyanja. Pazakudya zazikuluzikulu, titha kunena kuti zilipo zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Koma izi sizinganenedwe zazing'onozing'ono. Chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono.
Sizingatheke kuwunika bwino chiwerengero chawo chifukwa chazinsinsi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri osiyanasiyana amadandaula kuti kwa zaka 20-30 sanawonepo chinjoka chaching'ono cha m'nyanja, ndichifukwa chake ayamba kale kuchiwona ngati nthano chabe.
Komanso, mitundu ina yangopezeka posachedwapa ndipo sanaphunzire. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zimbalangondo zimakhala m'dera lonse lamadzi la Nyanja Yadziko lonse, choncho, sizingatheke kuziwerenga ngakhale moyenera. Ndiye kuti, pokhudzana ndi chinjoka chachikulu cham'madzi, mtundu wa mtundu wa nyama ndi wofunikira, womwe palibe mantha. Koma chinjoka chaching'ono chili pachiwopsezo chotha.
Pali zifukwa zingapo izi.:
- mikhalidwe yovuta;
- kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu;
- kusakhala ndi chitetezo chilichonse kwa adani, kupatula chiwembu;
- kuchedwa.
Ndicho chifukwa chake nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono siziloledwa, kuwonjezera apo, zimatetezedwa mwakhama m'boma.
Alonda nsomba zanjoka
Chithunzi: Nsomba zanjoka kuchokera ku Red Book
Mitundu ina yazinsomba zozizwitsa izi zalembedwa mu Red Book. Makamaka, izi zikugwira ntchito kwa chinjoka cham'madzi chosasunthika. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha chidwi chomwe amisili am'madzi am'madzi, omwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola, amakonda kupeza nsomba m'magulu awo achinsinsi.
Potengera izi, nsomba zamtundu uwu zinagwidwa mwachangu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pakadali pano, zosowazo zatha, popeza ndizotheka kuweta nsomba mwanzeru, kupeza anthu oyenera kutolera zachinsinsi. Chitetezo chowonjezeka ndichofunikira pamitunduyi m'malo mosazindikira. Potengera izi, mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo sizikudziwika konse padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa (mu 2015) nyama yatsopano idapezeka - Red Dragon, yomwe imapezeka pagombe la Australia.
Izi zisanachitike, sanakumaneko konse kapena amatchedwa ankhandwe osakhazikika. Mitunduyi imatetezedwa mwachangu masiku ano chifukwa chakuti chinjoka chofiira chakhala chosilira cha okhometsa ambiri. Ngati tikulankhula za chinjoka chachikulu cham'nyanja, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe tingachite mantha. Chiwerengero cha anthu sichikuchepa, koma chikuwonjezeka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa chinjoka chachikulu ku Black Sea kwakhala kukuwonjezeka modabwitsa posachedwa.
Izi zikuwonekera makamaka pagombe la Bulgaria. Pafupifupi, mzaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa chinjoka chachikulu kwakula pafupifupi kasanu, zomwe zimawopsa asodzi. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha. Pochita izi, nsomba zimaswana kwambiri ndikukhala moyo wautali. Ichi ndichifukwa chake wina sayenera kuchita mantha ndi kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo zazikulu m'chilengedwe. Ngakhale nyama ya chinjoka cha m'nyanja ndiyokoma kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake zovuta zakugwira nsombayi sichinthu chofala kwambiri.
Chinjoka cha nsomba - nsomba yosunthika, yomwe imatha kusiyanasiyana pamawonekedwe ndi momwe amakhalira, kutengera mitundu yomwe ikufunsidwa. Chinthu chachikulu pophunzira nsomba iyi ndikuti mukhale osamala kwambiri osayiwala kwanthawi yayitali za msana wake wakupha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti opita kutchuthi ayang'ane malo omwe ali kuti asagwere mumsampha wa chinjoka choyipa. Kupanda kutero, adzafunika thandizo lachipatala mwachangu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/10/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/29/2019 nthawi 17:53
