Vampire wamoyo - dzina la sayansi limatanthauza "squid vampire kuchokera ku gehena". Wina angayembekezere kuti mtundu uwu ukhoza kukhala nyama yoopsa yoopsa kuphompho, koma ngakhale amawoneka ngati ziwanda, izi sizowona. Mosiyana ndi dzinalo, mzukwa wa hellish sumadya magazi, koma umasonkhanitsa ndikudya timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wautali. Izi sizokwanira chakudya chokwanira cha cephalopods mpaka 30 cm, koma ndikokwanira kukhala moyo wocheperako m'madzi amdima wokhala ndi mpweya wochepa komanso owerengeka ochepa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Infernal Vampire
Infernal Vampire (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) ndi membala yekhayo amene amadziwika kuti Vampyromorphida, wachisanu ndi chiwiri molluscs Cephalopoda. Amaphatikizapo mikhalidwe ya octopus (Octopoda) ndi squid, cuttlefish, ndi zina zambiri. Amaganiza kuti izi zitha kuyimira cholowa pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Amampires a infernal si squid enieni, chifukwa amatchulidwa chifukwa cha maso awo abuluu, khungu lofiirira, komanso kuluka pakati pa manja awo.
Kanema: Infernal Vampire
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Vampire wamoto adapezeka ndiulendo woyamba wakuya waku Germany mu 1898-1899 ndipo ndiye yekhayo amene amayimira Vampyromorpha, mawonekedwe osintha a phylogenetic a cephalopods.
M'maphunziro ambiri a phylogenetic, vampire ya hellish imawonedwa ngati nthambi yoyambirira ya octopus. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi zina zambiri zomwe mwina zimasinthidwa kukhala mapangidwe am'madzi akuya. Zina mwa izi ndi kutayika kwa thumba la inki ndi ziwalo zambiri za chromatophore, kukula kwa ma photophores ndi mawonekedwe a gelatinous a matupi okhala ndi kufanana kwa jellyfish. Mitunduyi imakhala m'madzi akuya m'malo onse otentha komanso otentha a World Ocean.
Monga cholembera cha phylogenetic, ndiye yekhayo amene adatsala m'gulu lake. Zoyeserera zoyambirira zidasonkhanitsidwa paulendo wa Valdivia, ndipo poyambilira adanenedwa molakwika ngati octopus mu 1903 ndi wofufuza waku Germany Karl Hun. Vampire wa hellish pambuyo pake adapatsidwa dongosolo latsopano limodzi ndi maxa angapo omwe adatha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Hellish Vampire Clam
Vampire wamoto ali ndi mikono isanu ndi itatu yayitali komanso zingwe ziwiri zomwe zingathe kubwereka zomwe zimatha kupitirira kutalika kwa chiweto ndipo zimatha kukokedwa m'matumba mkati mwa intaneti. Mitambo imeneyi imagwira ntchito ngati masensa chifukwa tinyanga timene timaphimba kutalika kwa matendawo ndi makapu oyamwa kumapeto kwa theka. Palinso zipsepse ziwiri kumtunda kwa chovalacho. Nyama yotchedwa vampire squid yotchedwa infernal vampire squid idatchulidwa chifukwa chakhungu lakuda lakuda, zopindika, komanso maso ofiira omwe amadziwika ndi vampire. Nyamayi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yaying'ono - kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 28. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Vampire squid ali ndi kufanana kwa jellyfish, koma mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikuti ili ndi maso akulu kwambiri mofanana ndi thupi lake lanyama iliyonse padziko lapansi.
Vampire wamoto ali ndi ma chromatophores akuda okhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira. Mosiyana ndi ma cephalopods ena, ma chromatophores awa sagwira ntchito, kulola kusintha kwamitundu mwachangu. Vampire ya infernal imagawana zina mwazinthu zina za octopus ndi ma decapods, koma imakhalanso ndizosintha zochepa zokhala munyanja yakuya. Kutayika kwa ma chromatophores okangalika komanso thumba la inki ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zokha.
Vampire wa infernal amakhalanso ndi ma photophores, omwe ndi ziwalo zazikulu, zozungulira zomwe zimapezeka kuseli kwa chimbudzi chilichonse chachikulire ndipo zimagawidwanso pamwamba pa chovala, ndodo, mutu, ndi malo aboral. Ma photoreceptor awa amapanga mitambo yowala ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalola kuti vampire squid iyi iwale.
Kodi mzukwa wa hellish amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kodi vampire ya hellish imawoneka bwanji
Nyama yotchedwa vampire squid imakhala m'malo ozama m'nyanja zam'madera otentha komanso ozizira. Ichi ndiye chitsanzo chomveka bwino cha cephalopod mollusk, yomwe imadziwika kuti imakhala yakuya yopanda mita 300-3000, pomwe mizere yambiri ya hellish imakhala yakuya mamita 1500-2500.
Kukhathamiritsa kwa okosijeni ndikotsika kwambiri pano kuti kuthandizire kagayidwe kabwino ka zinthu zamoyo zovuta. Komabe, vampire ya hellish imatha kukhala ndi moyo komanso kupuma bwino mukamapuma mpweya mwa 3% yokha, kuthekera kumeneku kumakhala ndi nyama zochepa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Zomwe a Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute awonetsa kuti ma vampire amtundu wa hellish amangokhala ndi mpweya wosanjikiza wocheperako m'nyanjayi pafupifupi 690 m ndi mpweya wa 0.22 ml / L.
Nyama zotchedwa Vampire squid zimakhala ndi mpweya wosanjikiza wa m'nyanja, momwe kuwala sikulowerera. Kugawidwa kwa vampire squid kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kumapezeka pakati pa madigiri makumi anayi kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, komwe madzi amakhala 2 mpaka 6 ° C. M'moyo wake wonse, ali m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wochepa. Vampyroteuthis amatha kukhala pano chifukwa magazi ake amakhala ndi mtundu wina wamagazi (hemocyanin), womwe umamangiriza mpweya m'madzi bwino kwambiri, kupatula pamwamba pamitsempha ya nyama ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nyama yotchedwa vampire squid imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi vampire ya hellish imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Squid hellish vampire
Squids ndi nyama zodya nyama. Vampire squid imagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wake wamafuta posaka chakudya m'nyanja yakuya, komanso ili ndi statocyst yosinthika kwambiri, yosonyeza kuti imatsikira pang'onopang'ono ndikulimbitsa m'madzi osachita chilichonse. Ngakhale ali ndi dzina komanso mbiri, Vampyroteuthis infernalis sachita nkhanza zoopsa. Ikuyenda, nyamayi imafutukula ulusi umodzi umodzi mpaka imodzi itakhudza nyamayo. Nyamayi imasambira mozungulira kuti igwire nyama.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Vampire squid ali ndi kagayidwe kake kotsika kwambiri pakati pa ma cephalopods chifukwa chakuchepa kwake kudalira nyama zolusa m'nyanja yakuya, zochepa ndi kuwala. Nthawi zambiri amapita ndi mayiyu ndipo samachita zambiri. Zipsepse zazikulu ndi zoluka pakati pa mikono zimaloleza kusuntha kofanana ndi nsomba.
Mosiyana ndi ma cephalopod ena onse, mzukwa wa gehena sagwira nyama zamoyo. Imadyetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timira pansi pa nyanja yakuya, yotchedwa chipale chofewa cham'nyanja.
Amakhala ndi:
- matenda;
- zooplankton;
- mchere ndi mazira;
- mphutsi;
- tinthu tating'onoting'ono (detritus) tinsomba ndi nkhanu.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhudzidwa ndimikono iwiri yamphamvu, yolumikizidwa pamodzi ndi makapu oyamwa a manja ena asanu ndi atatuwo, okutidwa ndi mchimake wa manja asanu ndi atatuwo, ndipo amatenga ngati kamphindi kamkamwa. Ali ndi mikono isanu ndi itatu, koma alibe chakudya chodyera, ndipo m'malo mwake amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe ziwiri zokoka kuti mugwire chakudya. Amaphatikiza zinyalala ndi ntchofu kuchokera m'makapu oyamwa kuti apange mipira yazakudya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Octopus Hell Vampire
Mitunduyi nthawi zonse imakhala ngati yosambira pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha thupi lofooka la gelatinous. Komabe, imatha kusambira mofulumira modabwitsa, pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zake poyenda m'madzi. Statocyst yawo yotukuka kwambiri, yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino, imathandizanso kuti akhale olimba. Akuyerekeza kuti vampire ya hellish imatha kuthamanga kuthamanga kwakutali kwa thupi pamphindikati, ndikuthamangira kuthamanga kwa masekondi asanu.
Vampire ya hellish imatha kuyaka kwa nthawi yopitilira mphindi ziwiri, chifukwa cha ma photophores, omwe amathwanima nthawi imodzi, kapena kuwalira kuchokera kamodzi mpaka katatu pamphindikati, nthawi zina kumawombera. Ziwalo zomwe zili kumapeto kwa manja zimatha kunyezimira kapena kuphethira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi kuyankha. Mtundu wachitatu komanso womaliza wa kuwala ndi mitambo yowala, yomwe imawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayaka moto. Amakhulupirira kuti ma particles amabisika ndi ziwalo za nsonga za manja kapena osatsegula ziwalo zowoneka bwino ndipo amatha kuwala mpaka mphindi 9.5.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ma vampire a infernal nthawi zambiri amavulala akamugwira ndikukhala m'madzi am'madzi kwa miyezi iwiri. Mu Meyi 2014, Monterey Bay Oceanarium (USA) idakhala yoyamba kuwonetsa izi.
Kuyankha kwakukulu kwa vampire squid kumaphatikizapo kuwala kwa ziwalo zamapapu kumapeto kwa manja komanso kumapeto kwa zipsepse. Kuunikaku kumatsagana ndi funde la manja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa komwe squid ili m'madzi. Komanso, nyamayi imatulutsa mtambo wowala wowala kwambiri. Chiwonetserocho chikatha, ndizosatheka kudziwa ngati squid idayenda kapena kusakanikirana ndi mtambo m'madzi opanda malire.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Infernal Vampire
Popeza maampires amtundu wa hellish amakhala m'madzi ozama kwambiri kuposa squid zazikulu, amabala m'madzi akuya kwambiri. Ndizotheka kuti amuna amatenga ma spermatophores kupita kwa akazi kuchokera kufelemu awo. Mampires achikazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Amataya mazira m'madzi. Mazira okhwima ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo amapezeka akuyandama momasuka m'madzi akuya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Sidziwika pang'ono za vuto la vampire ya hellish. Kukula kwawo kumadutsa mawonekedwe a III morphological: nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zipsepse, mawonekedwe apakatikati amakhala ndi awiriawiri, okhwima kachiwiri. M'magawo awo oyambilira komanso apakatikati amakulidwe, zipsepse zili pafupi ndi maso; nyama ikamakula, awiriwa amatha.
Pakukula, kuchuluka kwa zipsepse za m'munsi kumachepa, amasintha kukula ndikukonzanso kuti ziwonjezere kuyenda kwa nyama. Kukulitsa zipsepse za anthu okhwima kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwapadera kumeneku kwadzetsa chisokonezo m'mbuyomu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchulidwa ngati mitundu ingapo m'mabanja osiyanasiyana.
Vampire yamoto imabereka pang'onopang'ono mothandizidwa ndi mazira ochepa. Kukula pang'onopang'ono kumachitika chifukwa choti zakudya sizigawidwa mwakuya. Kukula kwa malo awo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kumapangitsa maubale kukhala osasangalatsa. Mkazi amatha kusunga phukusi lokhazikika lomwe limakhala ndi umuna wamwamuna kwa nthawi yayitali asanatenge mazira. Pambuyo pake, amayenera kudikirira mpaka masiku 400 asadayambe.
Zitsamba zimakhala pafupifupi 8 mm kutalika ndipo ndizopangidwa bwino kwambiri za akulu, ndizosiyana. Manja awo alibe zingwe zamapewa, maso awo ndi ocheperako, ndipo ulusiwo sunapangidwe bwino. Ana amatha kusintha ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wolimba mkati mwa yolk kwa nthawi yosadziwika asanayambe kudyetsa. Nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'madzi akuya zikudya ma detritus.
Adani achilengedwe a vampire yamoto
Chithunzi: Kodi vampire ya hellish imawoneka bwanji
Vampire ya infernal imayenda mwachangu pamitunda yayifupi, koma siyimatha kuyenda kwakanthawi kapena kuthawa. Poopsezedwa, vampire squid imathawa mosasunthika, ndikusunthira zipsepse zake molunjika, kenako ndegeyo imawuluka mkati mwa chovalacho, chomwe chimazungulira m'madzi. Ng'ombe yoteteza squid imachitika pomwe mikono ndi ziphuphu zimatambasulidwa pamutu ndi mikanjo pamalo otchedwa chinanazi.
Udindo wa mikono ndi ukondewo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwononga nyamayi chifukwa choteteza mutu ndi chovala, komanso kuti malowa akuwululira zigamba zakuda zolemera zakutchire zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira mkatikati mwa nyanja. Manja owala adalumikizidwa pamwamba pamutu pa nyamayo, kupatutsa kuukira kutali ndi malo ovuta. Nyama ikaluma kumapeto kwa dzanja la vampire, imatha kuyisintha.
Ma vampire a infernal apezeka m'mimba mwa nsomba zakuya, kuphatikiza:
- grenadier wamaso ang'ono (A. pectoralis);
- anamgumi (Cetacea);
- mikango yam'nyanja (Otariinae).
Mosiyana ndi abale awo omwe amakhala m'malo ochereza alendo, ma cephalopods akuya kwambiri sangataye mphamvu zawo paulendo wautali. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kake komanso kuchepa kwa nyama m'madzi oterewa, vampire squid ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera zolusa kuti asunge mphamvu. Zojambula pamoto zawo zomwe zatchulidwazi zimaphatikizana ndi mikono yowala yowala, mayendedwe osunthika ndi njira zopulumukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti nyamayo izindikire chandamale chimodzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Squid hellish vampire
Vampire wamoto ndiye mbuye woyang'anira nyanja, kuya, komwe iye kapena malo ake sakuwopsezedwa ndi zoopsa zilizonse. Ndizotheka kunena kuti nyama zamtunduwu zabalalika kwambiri ndipo sizambiri. Izi ndichifukwa chazinthu zochepa zopulumukira. Kafukufuku wa Gowing awonetsa kuti mitunduyi imakhala ngati nsomba pazochita zogonana, imasinthasintha nthawi yoswana ndi nthawi yabata.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Lingaliro ili limatsimikiziridwa ndikuti mkati mwa akazi omwe amasungidwa m'malo owonetsera zakale mumangokhala tinthu tating'ono ta mazira amtsogolo. Mmodzi mwa amampires okhwima okhwima, omwe ali munyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, anali ndi mazira pafupifupi 6.5 zikwi, ndipo pafupifupi 3.8 zikwi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuswana kale. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa asayansi, mating adachitika maulendo 38, kenako mazira 100 adatayidwa.
Kuchokera apa titha kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa amampires a hellish sikuwopsezedwa, koma kuchuluka kwawo kumayendetsedwa nthawi yobereka.
Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti zoperewera zimachitika pazifukwa zingapo.:
- kusowa kwa chakudya cha makolo ndi ana;
- kuthekera kwakufa kwa ana onse kumachepetsedwa;
- Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi popanga mazira ndikukonzekera kubereka.
Vampire wamoyoMonga zamoyo zambiri zakuya, ndizovuta kwambiri kuphunzira m'chilengedwe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pamakhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama izi. Tikukhulupirira, tikapitiliza kufufuza nyanja yakuya, asayansi aphunzira zambiri za mitundu yapaderayi komanso yosangalatsa ya zinyama.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/09/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 12:28
