Zomera ndi nyama zaku Africa zimadabwitsa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake, pali nyama zambiri zakunja, mbalame zomwe sizingapezeke m'mayiko ena, ndipo Crane wovekedwa korona nthumwi yawo yowala. Anthu ambiri aku Africa amalemekeza mbalame yachilendo iyi yokhala ndi "korona wagolide" pamutu pake, imawona ngati chithumwa pamoto, imawonetsedwanso pagulu lankhondo la Uganda, pokhala chizindikiro cha dziko lonselo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Crane Crown
Crane wovekedwa ndiye mfumu yokoma yabanja la crane lenileni. Mbali yapadera ya mtundu uwu ndi mtundu wa korona pamutu pake, wopangidwa ndi nthenga zambiri zopyapyala zagolide.
Ma crane onse okhala ndi korona amagawika m'magulu awiri, kutengera dera lomwe amakhala mdera la Africa:
- Crane korona wakumadzulo amakhala kumadzulo kwa mainland;
- kummawa - subspecies yakummawa.
Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndikukhazikitsidwa kosiyana kwa mawanga ofiira ndi oyera pamasaya, apo ayi ndi ofanana.
Kanema: Crane Crown
Mitundu yakale mbalameyi idapangidwa zaka 40-60 miliyoni zapitazo ku Eocene, nthawi ya dinosaur itangotha. Zithunzi zambiri zapezeka pamakoma amapanga akale osonyeza zolengedwa zachifumu izi. Pali nthano zambiri pakati pa anthu ovekedwa korona. Kuyambira kale, amakhala pafupi ndi anthu ndipo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina nthawi ya njala adaukira mbewu, anthu amakonda mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbalame zamakorona zimamveka bwino chifukwa cha pakhosi pake. Chifukwa chakulira kwawo kosazolowereka, ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi ena oimira banja la crane, ngakhale gulu linyama lili patali. Ndi chithandizo chake, munthu aliyense payekha amadzitsogolera pagulu pakuwuluka nthawi yayitali.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi Crane wovekedwa korona amawoneka bwanji
Crane yovekedwa ndi mbalame yayikulu, yolimba, yomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira 90-100 cm ndi kupitilira apo, mapiko ake amakhala pafupifupi mita ziwiri, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kwa 4 mpaka 5.5 kg. Kuzimilira kwazinthu izi sizitchulidwa, koma akazi amawoneka ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna.
Pafupifupi gulu lonse la ma cranes limakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda wa nthenga, ndipo elytra ndi underwings zimatulutsa zokutira zoyera. Mutu wawung'ono umakongoletsedwa ndi chingwe chodabwitsa cha nthenga zolimba za golide wachikaso - chifukwa cha ichi, mbalameyi idakhala ndi dzina lachifumu. Kwa achichepere, nthenga ndizopepuka kuposa zomwe zimakhwima pogonana: malekezero a nthenga kumtunda kwake ndi ofiira, ndipo pansi pake ndi mchenga. Khosi la achinyamata ndi la bulauni, mphumi ndilachikasu.
Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wakuda, wawung'ono, wosalala pang'ono. Pansi pa chibwano, anthu onse, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, ali ndi thumba lofiira pakhosi, lofanana ndi la nkamba ndi atambala, koma kireni imatha kuyikwira.
Masaya a mbalamezi amakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga ofiira ndi oyera, awiri mbali zonse:
- kum'mwera chakum'mawa, zofiira zili pamwambapa zoyera;
- ku West Africa, m'malo mwake, malo oyera amakhala okwera kuposa ofiira.
Miyendo ndi yakuda, yamphamvu mokwanira. Crane wovekedwa ali ndi chinthu china chomwe chimamusiyanitsa ndi obadwa nawo - mbalameyo ili ndi chala chakumbuyo chachitali mwendo wake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: "Zovekedwa" mbalame zitha kunyamuka mpaka kutalika kwa mita 10,000.
Kodi Crane Crown amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Crane Crown Crane
Crane wamtunduwu amakhala:
- ku madera akumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara;
- Ethiopia, Burundi, Sudan, Uganda;
- amakhala kum'mawa kwa Africa.
Imamera bwino m'malo ouma, koma nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi nyanja, m'madambo okhala ndi madzi abwino, madambo onyowa. Cranes okhala ndi korona amakhalanso m'minda ndi mpunga ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimafuna chinyezi chambiri. Amapezeka m'malo osiyidwa pafupi ndi mitsinje.
Crane korona samawopa anthu, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi minda ndi malo okhala anthu. Amasankha nkhalango zamthethe kuti apumule usiku umodzi. Moyo wawo wonse, zikorona zokhala ndi nduwira zamangiriridwa kumalo amodzi, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kuchoka, ndikusunthira kutali, koma kubwerera. Pakakhala chilala chachikulu, pofunafuna chakudya, amapita kufupi ndi msipu, minda ndi nyumba za anthu. Kireni imazika mizu bwino munthawi yopanga, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale mbalame yolandiridwa m'malo onse osungira nyama, kuphatikizapo ena.
Malo obisalamo ma cranes awa ndi ochokera mahekitala 10 mpaka 40, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ochepa pamtunduwu, koma amatetezedwa mwanjiru ku mbalame zina. Mbalame zimayika zisa zawo pafupi ndi madzi, nthawi zina ngakhale m'madzi pakati pa nkhalango zowirira.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa kumene Crane korona amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi Crane adadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Crane Crown kuchokera ku Red Book
Ma crane okhala ndi korona amadya pafupifupi chilichonse; amawononga chakudya cha nyama ndi zomera ndi chilakolako chomwecho.
Zosankha zawo zitha kutengera:
- mbewu, mphukira zazomera, mizu, nthawi zina ngakhale chimanga chochokera kuminda yaulimi;
- tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nsomba, achule, abuluzi, mbewa, tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Munthawi yachilala, mbalame zimathamangira pagulu la nyama zamanyanga akulu, komwe mungapeze zochuluka zamoyo zopanda mafupa zosokonezeka ndi ziweto. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, samakhala ndi njala ndipo amatha kudyetsa ana awo.
M'mikhalidwe ya ndege, palinso zovuta ndi chakudya chawo. Zakudya ku zoo, monga mwachilengedwe, ndizosakanikirana. Zakudya zamasamba zimaphatikizapo tirigu, mapira, balere, ndi nyemba zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimalandira masamba osiyanasiyana. Nyama, nsomba, ma crustaceans a hamarus, kanyumba tchizi ndi mbewa zimapanga chakudya cha nyama. Pafupifupi, wamkulu m'modzi amafunika mpaka kilogalamu imodzi yamitundu iwiri yazakudya tsiku lililonse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakutim: Mtundu uwu wa mbalame ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa banja lalikulu la crane, lomwe, chifukwa choloza chala china chachitali, limatha kukhala pamitengo - ndi panthambi zawo zomwe zimagona. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha izi amasankha mitengo yolimba ya mitengo ya mthethe, makamaka mitundu ina yamitengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Cranes Cranes
Mbalame yovekedwa korona imakonda kukhala pansi. Komabe, imatha kuyendayenda kutengera nthawi ya chaka, osadutsa malire azachilengedwe. Kutha kwa nyengo ndi tsiku ndi tsiku kutalika kwawo kumatha kufikira makilomita angapo. Amagwira ntchito masana, koma usiku amakonda kupumula mu korona wamitengo.
Cranes imakhamukira m'magulu akulu, kulumikizana mwachangu. Ngakhale pakasamuka, achikulire amalumikizana kudzera pakumveka kwapakhosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kulumikizana kwabwino kwa membala aliyense wa paketiyo. Nyengo yamvula itangoyamba kumene amagawika awiriawiri kuti abereke ndikuteteza gawo lawo kwa abale awo ena, komanso atsekwe ndi abakha. Ngati chaka sichinasangalale chifukwa cha nyengo, ndiye kuti magulu awiri a korona osakhazikika sangasiye gulu lonse ndikudikirira malo abwino oti akhwime mazira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kumtchire, cranes zokhala ndi korona amakhala zaka 20-30 pafupifupi; pachikwere cha panja, ndi chakudya choyenera ndi chisamaliro choyenera, anthu ena amapitilira mzere wazaka makumi asanu, womwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti ziwindi zazitali poyerekeza ndi anthu ena okhala kumalo osungira nyama.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Crane crane chick
Cranes zachifumu amakhala okhwima atakwanitsa zaka zitatu. Nthawi yakumasirana, ndipo imagwa m'nyengo yamvula, akuluakulu amayamba kusamalirana bwino ndipo mtundu wina wovina ndi njira imodzi yodzikondera. Pakumavina, mbalame zimayesa kukopa chidwi cha omwe angakhale nawo. Cranes amakweza udzu mmwamba mmwamba, amalumpha ndi kukupiza mapiko awo. Kuphatikiza apo, azimuna amatha kuyimba, chifukwa cha ichi amakoketsa pakhosi pakhosi ndikupanga lipenga. Pochita seweroli, woyimbayo amapendeketsa mutu wake ndi korona wagolide patsogolo kenako ndikuponyanso mwadzidzidzi.
Atadzisankhira okha, mbalame zimayamba kupanga chisa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sedge kapena udzu wina pazolinga izi. Amayika zisa zawo makamaka m'mphepete mwa mosungiramo, pakati pa nkhalango pomwepo pamadzi, pomwe mkazi amaikira mazira 2 mpaka 5, kutengera msinkhu wa mbalameyo. Kukula kwa dzira kumatha kufikira masentimita 12, kukhala ndi pinki kapena mtundu wabuluu.
Cranes amaikira mazira kwa mwezi umodzi, pomwe yamphongo imatenga nawo gawo pantchitoyi. Tsiku limodzi atabadwa, anapiye, omwe thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi zofiirira, amatha kusiya chisa, koma patatha masiku ochepa amabwereranso. Pakadali pano, banja la cranes limasamukira kumapiri kukafunafuna chakudya, ndipo likakhuta, amathamangira kumalo osungira nyama. Cranes achikulire amaphunzitsa anapiye awo kupeza chakudya, akumangomveka mosiyanasiyana, "amafotokoza" malamulo amakhalidwe. Zinyama zazing'ono zimayamba kuwuluka miyezi 2-3.
Adani achilengedwe a cranes
Chithunzi: Cranes Cranes
Kumtchire, mbalame zamtchire zosiyanasiyana komanso zilombo zaku Africa zitha kuwukira miyoyo yawo. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amaukiridwa, nthawi zina ana amafa ngakhale mu dzira popanda nthawi yoti abadwe, popeza pali ambiri omwe amafuna kuwadya ndipo makolo alibe mphamvu zowateteza. Nthawi zina, pofuna kudziteteza kwa adani, mbalame zimatha kugona pomwepo pamadzi.
Mukamalemba mndandanda wa adani a mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi, munthu sangazindikire kuti kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu sikubwera chifukwa cha mbalame zamtchire ndi nyama, koma ndi munthu ndi zochita zake. Cranes zokhala ndi ndulu zazikulu zimagwidwa mochuluka kwambiri kuti mbalame zina zosowa m'makola a zoo zisungidweko.
Anthu ena aku Africa amaganiza kuti cholengedwa ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kutukuka ndi mwayi, makamaka mabanja olemera amafunitsitsa kuti aziwapeza kumalo awo osungira nyama. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zimbudzi zochulukirapo zatsanulidwa, m'malo mwake anthu amachita mwakhama ulimi. Cranes amatha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe, kuphwanya zikhalidwe zabwino pamoyo wawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama mankhwala osiyanasiyana opangira minda kuchokera ku tizirombo kumathandizanso mbalamezi, chifukwa chakudya chawo chimaphatikizapo mbewu zambiri ndi makoswe omwe amakhala pafupi ndi minda.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi Crane wovekedwa korona amawoneka bwanji
M'chilengedwe, pali anthu opitilira 40,000 a crane zovekedwa korona, zomwe ndizokwanira kuti zitha kuberekanso, koma, komabe, mtundu wa cranes amawonedwa kuti ndiwowopsa ndipo adatchulidwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu okhala ndi zipewa zachilendo ndikutenga ndi kugulitsa mbalame.
Amafunikira kwambiri ku Mali ndi mayiko ena angapo aku Africa, komwe pakadali chizolowezi chosunga mbalame zachilendozi kunyumba. Malo osungira nyama ambiri ku Europe ndi ku Asia akuyang'ana cholengedwa chokongola chokhala ndi korona wagolide. Malonda okongola a Crane akula pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi.
Pamaulendo awo osaloledwa kunja kwa kontinentiyo, oposa theka la anthu amwalira. Pali kulimbana kosalekeza motsutsana ndi kugwidwa kosavomerezeka kwa mbalame, unyolo wawo wogawa akudziwika, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa miyoyo ya anthu m'maiko ambiri aku Africa komanso kukwera mtengo kwa ma crane pamsika wakuda, zochitika zosaloledwa zikungowonjezereka. Zolengedwa izi sizowopa anthu, motero ndizosavuta kuzigwira, zomwe zimawonjezera vutoli ndikuchepa pang'ono kwa anthu.
Kuteteza magalasi ovekedwa nduwira
Chithunzi: Crane Crown kuchokera ku Red Book
Mitundu ya crane yovekedwa mwachilengedwe imasungidwa ndi mayiko ena. Ngakhale kuli anthu ochulukirapo, pali njira yotsika pang'onopang'ono, pomwe mitengo yakuchepa ikukulirakulira.
Pali njira ziwiri momwe ntchito ikuchitikira kuti asunge Crane kuchuluka kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo:
- Kupondereza malonda osavomerezeka a mbalame zosowa, ndikuwonjezera chilango pamtunduwu wamilandu. Akuluakulu oyenerera a mayiko onse amagwira ntchito mogwirizana, chifukwa ndi njira yotereyi yomwe tingayembekezere zotsatira zazikulu;
- kuteteza malo okhalapo a cranes, ndiye kuti, madambo okhala ndi madzi abwino, madambo osefukira, omwe asungunulidwa mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo m'malo mwawo mizinda idamangidwa, minda yolima idalimidwa.
Ngati musiya kirene yekha, mutetezeni ku zochita zowononga za anthu, ndiye kuti imatha kubwezeretsa mwachangu anthu ake ndikusamutsa mtundu wa mitundu yake kukhala m'khola. Tsoka ilo, nyengo ikakhala ndi phindu losavuta, anthu saganizira za tsogolo la zidzukulu ndi zidzukulu zawo, zomwe, pakuchepa kotere kwa anthu okhala ndi korona, amatha kuzisilira m'malo osungira nyama kapena pazithunzi m'mabuku owerengera zinyama.
Crane wachisoti Ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri, yokongola pang'ono komanso yokongola modabwitsa. Amatha kutchedwa kuti mfumu ya banja lonse la crane. Mayendedwe awo osalala ndi mavinidwe achilendo, omwe amangowonedwa m'malo awo achilengedwe, ali ndi chidwi. Chifukwa chakuti ali pansi pa chitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi, pali chiyembekezo kuti mbadwa zathu zakutali zidzawona gule wachilendo wazipongwezi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/07/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/28/2019 nthawi ya 22:35
