Vobla - wachibale wapamtima wa roach. Kunja, ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa. Ndikofunika kudziwa zofunikira zingapo za mitunduyo. Kupanda kutero, sizingatheke kudziwa. Vobla ndi imodzi mwasamba wamba pakati pa asodzi (onse ochita masewera ndi akatswiri). Chifukwa chakuti chinthu chotchuka choterechi chomwe chakhala chikugwidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengerochi chikuchepa mwachangu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Vobla
Vobla ndi wa banja la Karpov, wopangidwa ndi ray. Kunja, nsomba yofanana kwambiri ndi roach. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, nthawi zina amatchedwanso roach, kumangosiyanitsa ngati mitundu ya mitunduyo. M'malo mwake, ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha womwe uli ndi zinthu zofunika kusiyanitsa zomwe zimatha kudziwa vobla.
Vobla idatchedwa Russia chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ozungulira. Mwa njira, m'masiku amenewo, anthu ambiri amamutcha kuti "rabid" mwa anthu wamba. Cholinga chake chinali mwamakhalidwe ake. Amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala ofunitsitsa kutuluka m'mitsinje, ndizosatheka kuthamangitsa nawo. Chifukwa chake, machitidwe awo alidi osiyana ndi nsomba zina - amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri kuti adutse masukulu ena asodzi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chawo.
Kanema: Vobla
Kutalika kwa vobla wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 0,2 kg. Palinso anthu okulirapo. Chinthu chachikulu chosiyanitsa ndi roach ndi V-zooneka ngati mchira kumapeto ndi mtundu wofiyira wa masikelo.
Tsopano mu Nyanja ya Caspian, ndimakonda kusiyanitsa magulu atatu a roach:
- Anthu aku Turkmen;
- North Caspian;
- Chiazebajani.
Nsombazi zilibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pawo. Chokhacho chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi malo awo (m'nyanja komanso molingana ndi mitsinje yomwe amalowamo).
Zonsezi, vobla amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10. panthawiyi, imakula nthawi 5-6. Nthawi iliyonse amaikira mazira ang'onoang'ono okwana 30,000. Pambuyo pake, thupi la nsombayo ndi locheperako kotero kuti limawoneka lowonda kawiri kuposa mutu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Frederick Wamkulu anali woyamba kuzindikira roach ngati chotupitsa mowa. Ndi kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kuti roach amadziwika kuti ndi abwino pankhaniyi ndipo yakhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe roach imawonekera
Popeza roach ndi roach nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka, wina ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino kusiyana kwawo kofunika: roach ndi wokulirapo. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 30-40 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 0.6-0.7 kg, ngakhale ena atha kufikira 1 kg. Thupi la nsombayo limakhala lofewa, koma mbali zake zimakhala zofunikira. Kumbuyo kwa roach, hump yaying'ono imawonekera bwino, koma kumbuyo kwa roach kumakhala kosalala. Mambawo ndi ochepa komanso olimba thupi.
Pamwamba, mtundu wa masikelo ndi wakuda kwambiri, kukumbukira wakuda. Koma pansi, pang'onopang'ono imayamba kupereka utoto wambiri. Mutu wa vobla ndi wocheperako, pakamwa pake pamakhalanso pansi. Iris wa diso la vobla ndi silvery kapena lalanje. Madontho akuda owoneka bwino amadziwika pamwambapa.
Zipsepse zonse za vobla ndizazikulu, zosiyanitsidwa bwino. Mapeto a caudal ndi mawonekedwe a V, ogawika magawo awiri ofanana. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zofananira, mapiko a vobla amawoneka opindika pang'ono.
Zipsepse zonse za roach zimakhala ndi utoto wofiira pang'ono komanso m'mbali mwakuda m'mphepete mwake. Kumapeto kwake kumatalika. Zonsezi zimasiyanitsa vobla ndi roach, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka. Ngati mukudziwa zinsinsi zonse, ndiye kuti mudzatha kusiyanitsa vobla mosavuta. Ndiye kuti, ngakhale ndi achibale a roach, sizingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake, podziwa malamulo ochepa osavuta.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Vobla yayikulu kwambiri yomwe idalembedwa imalemera magalamu 850.
Kodi vobla amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Vobla m'madzi
Vobla ndi mtsinje ndi nyanja. Kutengera mtundu, malo okhala nsomba nawonso amasiyana. Zimasiyananso kutengera nyengo. Nyanja vobla, ikapita kuti ibereke, imasonkhana pafupi ndi gombe la Nyanja ya Caspian. Mwa njira, imadziwikanso kuti yolunjika.
Mtsinje (wokhala) umakhala m'malo amodzi nthawi zonse. Koma ikayamba kutulutsa, imapita pansi penipeni, pomwe imakutidwa ndi ntchofu, yomwe imateteza molondola ku hypothermia. Nyanja ndiyosavuta kusiyanitsa - ndiyokulirapo kuposa mtsinje umodzi, ndikufikira masentimita 40 (ndi 1 kg).
Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, nyanja ya vobla imayamba kusonkhana m'magulu akulu ndipo pang'onopang'ono imasamukira pakamwa pamtsinje, womwe uli pafupi kwambiri ndi malo awo okhala. Chizindikiro cha kuyamba kwa kusamuka ndikutentha kwamadzi opitilira 8 madigiri Celsius.
Kuikira mazira, vobla imasankha malo okhala ndi zochulukirapo. Izi zimatha kukhala bango kapena chomera china chilichonse. M'chilimwe, vobla imayamba kukonzekera mwachangu nyengo yachisanu ikubwera, ikukula mafuta. Monga lamulo, panthawiyi amalowera m'madzi osapitirira 5 mita.
Vobla imakonda kukhala nthawi yozizira pafupi ndi gombe momwe zingathere. Pachifukwa ichi, nsomba imasankha maenje akuya, omwe amatsimikizika kuti sawumitsa ngakhale chisanu choopsa kwambiri. Pali vobla yokutidwa ndi ntchintchi komanso wandiweyani wa ntchofu, zomwe zimateteza molondola ku hypothermia. Kumeneku amakhala nthawi yonse yozizira, pokhala pakati pa kugona ndi kudzuka. Nthawi yomweyo, nsombazi sizidya kalikonse nthawi yozizira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pafupifupi zaka 30 zapitazo (kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80) vobla inali yolemera pafupifupi magalamu 180, ndipo tsopano chiwerengerochi chatsika mpaka magalamu 140.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba ya vobla imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi vobla amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Fish vobla
Kumpoto kwa Nyanja Caspian ndi malo abwino kwa roach. Kuphatikiza pazakuya kosafunikira kwenikweni, palinso chakudya chokwanira cha roach. Vobla imadyetsa mozungulira. Ndi nsomba yodya nyama yomwe imadyetsanso nyama zopanda mafupa zomwe sizimayenda kwenikweni.
Nyongolotsi, crustaceans ndi molluscs ndizomwe amakonda zakudya za vobla. Ndi mtundu wa zakudya zomwe zimathandizira kukula mwachangu, komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta amthupi. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chochuluka cha roach chimakonda kwambiri madzulo a nyengo yozizira.
Koma nthawi zina amatha kukhala pachakudya chodyera. Ngati zikhalidwe za moyo zikakamizidwa, atha kudya algae kuti akhalebe ndi moyo. Pazonse, pafupifupi, magawo 40 osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanitsidwa pakudya kwa vobla.
Ngati mikhalidwe ili yovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti nthawi yayitali imatha kudya mwachangu nsomba zina, koma mwachilengedwe izi ndizosowa kwambiri. M'mitsinje, vobla wachichepere amapikisana makamaka ndi chakudya ndi ana a bream ndi carp, popeza amakonda ma cyclops, daphnia, rotifers.
Malinga ndi ambiri, vobla ndi nsomba yopatsa chidwi chilichonse. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizaponso zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma ngati pali chisankho, vobla nthawi zonse imakonda chakudya chanyama. Popanda womalizirayu, sangachite chilichonse choipa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Vobla ku Russia
Voblas amakonda kukhala m'matumba akulu. Koma panthawi yosamukira, nthawi zambiri amayenera kuyanjana ndi sukulu za nsomba zazikulu, monga bream. Izi zikuthandizani kukupulumutsani ku pike kapena walleye. Kuphatikiza pa chitetezo, malo oterewa amapindulitsanso - vobla imatha kudya zomwe zimasiya bream pansi. Chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira vobla ili kwathunthu munyanja. Kumeneko amakadyetsa mwakhama kuti apeze mafuta oyenera asanagone.
Ngakhale kuti zizolowezi za vobla ndimakhalidwe ake ndizomveka komanso nthawi zonse, sikungatheke kulingalira molondola njira yomwe ili mumtsinjewo. Cholinga chake ndikuti zimadalira kutentha kwa madzi, kuthamanga kwake ndi kuya kwake. Ndi chifukwa chake zovuta zina nthawi zina zimayamba pamene asodzi amafuna kudziwa malo omwe ingapezeke roach. Koma ngati mungasunge izi kwa zaka zingapo, mutha kuzindikira momwe zinthu zimasunthira pakusunthika kwa mphepo.
Ngati munthu safika msinkhu wokhwima pogonana kapena sanabala chaka chino, ndiye kuti samachoka komwe amakhala ndipo salowa m'mitsinje, amakhala panyanja chaka chonse. Vobla imalowa m'mitsinje yam'madzi yongoberekera.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhosa yamphongo ya Azov, monga roach yaku Siberia, nthawi zina imatchedwanso vobla. Sizolondola! M'malo mwake, vobla imapezeka mu Nyanja ya Caspian yokha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Vobly
Nthawi yokwanira ya roach imayamba akangotentha, ndiye kuti, masika. Kutha kwa Epulo ndiye nthawi yoyenera. Ma roaches okhwima mwauchidakwa amatenga nawo gawo pa izi. Mwakutero, amakhala pafupi zaka ziwiri za moyo, akafika pafupifupi masentimita 8 m'litali. Kuti mkazi azinyamula mazira ambiri, ayenera kukhala wokulirapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amuna amayamba kutenga nawo gawo nyengo yoswana chaka chisanafike chaka chachikazi. M'tsogolomu, mkazi amatha kuphonya zaka 1-2, koma wamwamuna amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera okwatirana chaka chilichonse.
Nsomba ikatsala pang'ono kuti ibereke, imasiya kudya. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, thupi lake limayamba kuchepa. Mphamvu zimachokera kwathunthu kumsika wamafuta. Vobla imayamba kudya mwachizolowezi pokhapokha nthawi yokwanira ikatha. Akazi amatumizidwa paulendo koyambirira, koma mtsogolomo amunawo adzawapeza posachedwa ndipo adzawapeza, kuti adzafike pachimake msanga. Zazikazi zimayikira mazira ndikubwerera kunyanja posachedwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mubwezeretse mphamvu mwachangu komanso mafuta omwe mwawononga. Pakadali pano, zazimuna zimathira mazira ndikubwerera.
Pa nthawi yobereka, vobla imasintha mawonekedwe. Izi zimachitika magawo awiri. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokwanira, vobla imakutidwa ndi mtundu wa ntchentche za silvery, kuti ziwonekere kwambiri. Pakadali pano, ziphuphu zimawoneka pamutu, ndipo zophuka zaminga zimawoneka pamiyeso. Kuchepetsa thupi kumapangitsa kuti mutu ukhale waukulu kwambiri kumapeto kwa kubala kotero kuti umawonekera kwambiri mthupi. Kukula kwa dzira sikupitilira millimeter. Kale m'masiku oyamba, imayamba kukula mwachangu. Patatha sabata, mphutsi zimaswa, zomwe posachedwa zidzakhala zachangu ndikupita kunyanja ndi makolo awo. Kumeneko adzakhwima, kunenepa mpaka kutha msinkhu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Vobla, akangobwera nayo kumtunda, amayamba kutulutsa chinthu chapadera, chomwe ambiri amachiwona ngati fungo lake ngati mowa wowawasa.
Adani achilengedwe a roach
Chithunzi: Fish vobla
Vobla, monga cholengedwa china chilichonse m'chilengedwe, imakumana ndi zoopsa paliponse. Munthu akukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha nsomba masiku ano. Ndi chifukwa cha iye kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndi nyama zocheperako zocheperako, ndipo kusala kwachilengedwe kumasokonekera.
Ngati tikulankhula za zoopsa zina, ndiye kuti vobla, monga tinsomba tina tating'onoting'ono, timakodwa m'madzi ndi adani. Vobla ikhoza kukhala chinthu chogwira nsomba zapakatikati kapena zazikulu. Nsomba zimakonda kugwidwa nthawi yobereka. Akalowa m'kamwa mwa mitsinje yayikulu kwambiri, nyama sizidana nazo kuti zipindule kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe zimalowera m'madzi ndikugwira akazi mosavuta, ndikulandila mazira owonjezera nthawi imodzi.
Kuti apulumuke kwa omwe akuukira, vobla nthawi zambiri imalumikizana ndi sukulu za nsomba zina. Ngakhale kuti kunyanja kuli zoopsa zochepa, palibe chowopseza china - nyanjayi. Amakwatula nsomba m'madzi momwemo, motero zimakhala zovuta kuti roach ithawe.
Vuto lina la roach ndi majeremusi. Omwe amakhala m'madzi am'nyanja okha alibe, koma omwe amapita m'mitsinje, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodabwitsa. Nyongolotsi, mphutsi - zimayambitsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za nsomba, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri moyo wake. Nsomba zotere mtsogolomo zimakhalanso zowopsa kwa anthu. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito nsomba, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kutentha. Apo ayi, nsomba ndi yoopsa kwa mwini wake.
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri mumatha kunena kuti nsomba zikuwopsezedwa chifukwa cha kusodza kwa anthu, komwe kumayendetsedwa bwino panthawi yobereka, mavuto amtundu wachilengedwe amakula kwambiri. Mphepo ndi mvula zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri masika. Izi zimabweretsa kusefukira kwa mitsinje. Kupitilira apo, vobla, yolowera osaya ngati imeneyi, ilibe nthawi yobwerera m'malo ozama, koma madzi amachoka mwachangu. Zotsatira zake, nsombazi zimangokhala pamtunda ndipo zimakhala zosavuta nyama zomwe zimadutsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina vobla imangoponyedwa kumtunda. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'madzi osaya mulibe malo okwanira ziweto zazikulu, kenako anthu ena alibe china choti achite.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe roach imawonekera
Kuyambira kale, usodzi wakhala wofala makamaka m'mitundu yonse. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti panthawiyo kunalibe mwayi wambiri pakadali pano: kusowa kwa zida zokwanira pamlingo woyenera, upandu waukulu - zonsezi sizinathandize kuti maulendo apamtunda apite kunyanja. Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa zonsezi, mitundu yamitunduyi yomwe imatha kugwidwa popanda zovuta, popanda kupanga maulendo ataliatali, idayamikiridwa makamaka. Chifukwa cha ichi, roach adayamba kuyamikiridwa - nsomba yomwe inali paliponse, yomwe sinali yovuta kugwira. Nthawi zina palibe ntchito yomwe imafunika - vobla nthawi zambiri imangodziponyera kumtunda ndipo chotsalira ndikungotenga.
Nthawi idapita ndipo pang'onopang'ono chidwi cha vobla chidakopa akatswiri ogwira ntchito m'derali. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zimakodwa ndi maukonde, kupita kunyanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi womwe nsomba imayamba. Vobla nthawi zonse anali kugwira limodzi ndi hering'i. Koma omalizirawo adapita kumitsinje koyambirira, chifukwa chake kusaka kunayamba kale. Caviar nthawi zambiri imagulitsidwa padera. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yakuthengo ndikutseka mumtsuko. Mitembo yokha imapereka 100-300 zikwi. Chomwe chikulimbikitsidwa ndikukonzekera nsomba kuti zisungidwe kwanthawi yayitali. Ndicho chifukwa chake zakudya zamzitini, kusuta, ndi kuyanika ndizofala kwambiri. Posachedwa, chiwerengero cha vobla chinali chachikulu kwambiri kotero kuti sizinali zovuta kuchipeza mulimonse, osawopa kuti chitha. Vobla amakhala m'nyanja ya Caspian komanso mdera la Volga.
Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa roach kwatsika kuposa maulendo 6. Chifukwa cha ichi, oteteza zachilengedwe akuchenjeza anthu ndikuyitanira kuteteza zamoyozo. Ndizotheka kuti ngati izi sizisintha kukhala zabwino, vobla iphatikizidwa mu Red Book. Kuchulukitsa chiwerengerocho, nthawi zambiri amayamba kubzala vobla mwachinyengo, pambuyo pake anthu akulu amatulutsidwa m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja. Izi zimachitika ndi mabungwe apadera, omwe nthawi yomweyo amayimba kuchepetsa anthu omwe agwidwa. Pakadali pano, palibe zoletsa pankhaniyi. Vobla imagwidwa mosalamulirika osati ndi maukonde okha, koma ngakhale ndi manja, maukonde. Izi sizivuta kuchita pamene nsomba zikubala.
Tsoka, chifukwa chotsika mtengo kwa nsomba, asodzi akuyesera kutenga zochulukirapo, zomwe chiwerengerochi chikucheperachepera. Ngati mitundu ina ya nsomba imasungidwa m'malo otetezedwa kuti asunge mitunduyi, ndiye kuti sizomwe zimachitidwa pokhudzana ndi roach. Koma mulimonsemo, vutoli lingathetsedwe pokhapokha pokhudzana ndi usodzi. Osachotsera adani achilengedwe a roach, omwe amathandizanso kutsika kwa anthu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chakudya china chocheperako pang'ono ndi pang'ono, motero ndizotheka kuti adani achilengedwe, nyama, sizikhala zoopsa kwa roach kuposa anthu.
Vobla Ndi nsomba yotchuka ku Russia konse yomwe msodzi aliyense amadziwa. Ndi nsomba yokoma komanso yodziwika, yomwe imapezeka m'madzi amchere komanso amchere. Koma kuti apitilize kusunga anthu ake, zikufunika kuchepetsa kusodza kapena kupititsa kuswana kowonjezera.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.08.2019 chaka
Tsiku losinthidwa: 28.09.2019 pa 12:06
