Cougar Ndi nyama yayikulu yodya nyama, cougar ya cougar, yomwe imakhala ku North America. Ma cougars ndi othamanga kwambiri komanso olimba, amakhalanso ndi mphamvu komanso kulimba mtima: amasaka nyama yolemera kangapo. Nthawi zambiri sizowopsa kwa anthu, nthawi zina zimawongoleredwa ndikusungidwa ngati ziweto.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Cougar
Mu Paleocene, panali adani ogwiritsira ntchito martens - maacid, ndipo ndizochokera kwa iwo kuti dongosolo lowononga, kuphatikiza agalu ndi onga amphaka, lidapita. Protoailurs omwe adasinthika adatsogolera ku chachiwiri - nyamazi zimakhala m'dziko lathu ku Oligocene, ndipo ku Miocene zidasinthidwa ndi ma psvedoprotoailurs.
Zinachokera kwa iwo kuti mabanja atatu akuluakulu a felines adayamba: amphaka amphaka (otayika), amphaka akulu ndi ang'ono - omaliza amaphatikizanso cougar. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti amphaka ang'onoang'ono samakhala ochepa - mwachitsanzo, ma cougars nawonso ndi akulu kwambiri. Chofunikira kwambiri pakusiyanitsa ndi kuthekera kokulira, mitundu yomwe idabadwa imadziwika kuti amphaka akulu.
Kanema: Cougar
Amayi oyamba amapezeka ku Asia pafupifupi zaka 11 miliyoni zapitazo. Amphaka ang'onoang'ono olekanitsidwa pambuyo pake, nthawi yeniyeni sinakhazikitsidwe, amadziwika kuti izi zidachitika zaka zoposa 4.2 miliyoni zapitazo. Zotayika za Puma pardoides zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu ya cougar, komwe ma subspecies amakono, kuphatikiza ma cougars, adachokera.
Adadzuka zaka 2.1 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo amakhala ku Eurasia, anali okulirapo pang'ono kuposa makochi amakono, ndipo adamwalira pafupifupi zaka 800 zikwi zapitazo - panthawiyo, ma subspecies amakono anali atapangidwa kale. Kulongosola kwa puma kunapangidwa ndi Carl Linnaeus mu 1771, dzina lachi Latin ndi Puma concolor. Ma subspecies asanu ndi amodzi amasiyanitsidwa, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi mitundu yake. Ma couguar subspecies adafotokozedwa ndi R. Kerr mu 1792.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa feline DNA, zidawululidwa kuti abale apamtima kwambiri a cougars ndi achinyama. Zotsatira zake, adasamutsidwa kuchoka kubanja lawo kupita kumphaka zazing'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe cougar imawonekera
Cougar nthawi zambiri amakhala wamtali wa 110 mpaka 165 cm komanso kutalika kwa 55-75 cm. Amakhalanso olemera kwambiri - 55-110 kg. Amalemera pang'ono kuposa akambuku, mikango ndi nyamazi, komabe ndi nyama zowopsa zomwe zimasaka nyama zamphongo. Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mosiyanasiyana - amuna amakhala okulirapo ndipo amalemera pafupifupi kotala.
Cougar ili ndi thupi lokoma komanso losinthasintha, mutu wake ndi wocheperako, ngati makutu, chinyama chikuwoneka ngati chachitali. Zala zake ndi zazikulu, zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, zomwe amatha kuzikoka. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amakwera mitengo, kugwira ndi kugwira nyama, itha kukhalanso ngati chida cholimbana ndi adani ena kapena anthu amtundu wina. Ndiwothamanga kwambiri, amangokwera mwachangu pamiyala kapena pamiyala, amachokapo mwachangu, amatha kuthamanga kwambiri posaka, kusambira bwino - sasamala zopinga zambiri. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayikulu kuposa yakutsogolo, ndipo katunduyo imagweranso pa iyo. Ili ndi mchira wautali komanso wolimba.
Cougar ili ndi mano 30, ndipo ili ndi zipsinjo zazitali zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nyama komanso kuboola khungu ndi minofu, kuluma kwambiri. Pali timisomali ting'onoting'ono, "timabudula" nyama, kuchotsa nthenga kapena ubweya. Mano ndi olimba kwambiri, chinyama chimatha kung'amba minofu ndikuphwanya mafupa. Ndi mano omwe mungadziwe kuti cougar ili ndi zaka zingati: pakadutsa miyezi 4 ali ndi mkaka, kuyambira azaka 7-8 miyezi m'malo mwake amayamba kusintha m'malo mwa zenizeni, ndipo pasanathe zaka 2 ntchitoyi ithe. Kenako pang'onopang'ono amataya khungu lawo chifukwa chopera komanso kumada pang'ono pang'ono, kuti mwa magawo awa mutha kusiyanitsa amphaka achichepere ndi amphaka azaka zapakati, ndi ena akale.
Cougar ili ndi ubweya wandiweyani, koma siyimasiyana kutalika ndi silk, kotero kuyipukuta sikusangalatsa ngati mitundu ina yayikulu. Mtunduwo ndi wa monophonic, wotuwa wachikaso - umafanana ndi wa mkango, koma wopepuka pang'ono. Mtundu wawo ndi wofanana ndi utoto kapena zikopa za nyama zomwe amasaka - chifukwa chake ma cougars amayamba kukayikira pang'ono, ndikosavuta kuti azimilira osazindikira nyama. Nthawi zambiri pamatha kukhala zoyera kapena zakuda pakhungu. Ma cougars achichepere amakhala olimba komanso amizeremizere, amakhalanso odziwika ndi maso a buluu - akamakula, amasintha kukhala amber kapena bulauni, komanso, mawanga ambiri pa malaya amasowa.
Kodi cougar amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Cougar wamphaka wamtchire
Cougar ili ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imaphatikizapo South America yonse ndi gawo lalikulu la North America, kuphatikiza Mexico yense, ambiri ku United States kupatula mayiko akum'mawa, ndi kumwera kwa Canada. M'mbuyomu, ma cougars anali ponseponse mderali, tsopano zinthu zasintha.
Ma subspecies cougar okha amakhala ku North America kokha. Kumadera akum'mawa kwa United States, nyamazi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndi anthu ochepa okha, pakatikati ndi ku Canada, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsikiranso kwambiri: makamaka amakhala m'mapiri okhala ndi anthu ochepa. Gawo lakumadzulo kumakhala anthu ambiri ku cougars ku North America, makamaka mapiri a Rocky.
Ku South America, zinthu zili chimodzimodzi: m'malo ena omwe amphakawa amakhala, samakhalanso, m'malo ena kuli ochepa. Mwambiri, komabe, amatha kupezeka m'maiko onse a kontrakitala kuyambira Colombia kumpoto mpaka Argentina ndi Chile kumwera. Cougars amakhala m'malo osiyana kwambiri: m'zigwa, kumapiri, nkhalango ndi madambo. Amatha kusintha zakudya zawo malinga ndi komwe amakhala, ndipo mtundu wa malaya awo umasinthanso kuti ugwirizane nawo. Amatha kukwera mapiri kwambiri, ndipo amapezeka kumtunda wopitilira 4,000 m.
Malo olimba kwambiri a nyama izi sizolepheretsa, m'malo mwake: amalimbana mosavuta zopinga, ndipo ndizosavuta kwa iwo kuzisaka. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti payenera kukhala nyama zambiri pafupi - iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yomwe cougar amasankhira malo okhala. Chachiwiri, kuyenera kukhala chete, osakumana ndi cougar pafupi ndi midzi. Ndikofunikanso kuti pali dziwe lamadzi oyera m'dera loyandikira kwambiri: mutha kumwa, ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala zopanga zambiri.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe cougar imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi cougar amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Cougar mwachilengedwe
Menyu yake, nyama iyi imaphatikizaponso ambiri osasunthika. Ndi:
- mbawala;
- mphalapala;
- nkhosa zazikulu;
- ziweto.
Ichi ndi nyama yayikulu, nthawi zambiri imalemera kuposa cougar yomwe, chifukwa chake imatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo kusaka kopambana kumakupatsani mwayi woti musadere nkhawa chakudya. Komabe, ma cougars nthawi zambiri amapha nyama zambiri kuposa momwe angadye nyama, ndipo ngakhale atapeza, amapitilizabe kusaka. Koma samazengereza kugwira nyama zing'onozing'ono ngati sangakwanitse kugwira zazikulu.
Cougar amathanso kusaka:
- mapuloteni;
- mbewa;
- akalulu;
- ulesi;
- anyani;
- beavers;
- mimbulu;
- zimbudzi;
- muskrat.
Amachita ulesi mokwanira kuti agwire mbalame yosazindikira ndikudyanso. Amatha kusodza ndikukonda nkhono. Cougar wanjala amatha kupha ndikudya wamtundu wina kapena mphaka, ndipo amakhalanso owopsa kwa anyani agalu. Mwachidule - kuwopseza kwawo kumabwera pafupifupi nyama iliyonse yomwe ili mdera lawo.
Ngakhale zimbalangondo sizimva kukhala zotetezeka - cougar ndi mphalapala wolimba mtima kwambiri, wozolowera kusaka nyama yayikulu, chifukwa chake amatha kuwaukira. Izi ndi makamaka zimbalangondo zazing'ono, komabe wamkulu grizzly ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kwa cougar. Ziweto zimaphedwanso: izi zimagwira ntchito ku ziweto ndi ziweto - agalu. amphaka ndi ena. Koma ziwopsezo zoterezi ndizosowa kwambiri, chifukwa nkhumba zimakonda kukhala m'malo amtchire, momwe ziweto zimapezeka kawirikawiri. Amatha kusaka osati pansi komanso m'mitengo.
Cougar amayesera kuzembera kwa nyamayo pafupi kwambiri mosazindikira, pambuyo pake imachita kudumpha ndikuyesera kuthyola khosi la wozunzidwayo chifukwa cha kulemera kwake. Ngati izi sizigwira ntchito, ndiye kuti amayesa kumugwira pakhosi ndikumupha. Ngati sikunali kotheka kudya nyamayo nthawi yomweyo, a puma amabisa zotsalazo, ndikuzikwirira pansi pa masamba kapena matalala. Nyama yodyedwa theka imatha kubwezedwa kangapo. Nthawi zina imapha nyama yatsopano, yodzaza, osadya, kapenanso siyiyaniyoseyu. Izi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Amwenye m'mbuyomu: adayang'ana malo komwe amabisapo mtembowo, ndikuutenga. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngati macougars amapeza nyama ya wina, ndiye osayigwira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Cougar ndi yamphamvu komanso yolimba kotero kuti imatha kukoka nyama yolemera kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa kulemera kwake kwa nthawi yayitali.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Cat Cougar
Cougars amakhala pawokha, amatembenuka awiriawiri pokhapokha pakamakwana. Chikhalidwe chawo sichimakhala ndi ziweto zambiri kapena anthu angapo: aliyense amadzisaka yekha, samagawana nawo nyama, samakhudza za wina. Cougar ili ndi gawo lake, komwe amasaka, ndi makumi makilomita angapo, nthawi zina mazana. Amuna ali ndi "malo" akulu, ndipo akazi amakhala moyandikana nawo. Ngati katundu wa amuna awiri ali m'malire, ndiye kuti mikangano imatha kuchitika pakati pawo, mpaka mmodzi atapita kukafunafuna tsamba lina - nthawi zina amatha ngakhale kumwalira kwa m'modzi mwa iwo. Akazi nthawi zambiri samatsutsana.
Nthawi yomweyo, anyamata achichepere, omwe angoyamba kumene moyo wosiyana ndi amayi awo, amatha kusaka limodzi kwakanthawi, koma popita nthawi amabalalika ndipo aliyense wa iwo amayang'ana malo omwe simukhalamo ena kapena amawachotsa. Mkati mwa ziwembu zawo, ma cougars amayenda kutengera nyengo: amakhala m'nyengo yozizira gawo lina, ndipo chilimwe mbali ina. Malire a gawolo, omwe mafuko sangathe kusunthira, amadziwika ndi mkodzo ndi zokopa. Ma Cougars amakhala chete, ndipo phokoso lamveka limamveka kwa iwo nthawi yokhwima yokha.
Nthawi yogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri imagwera usiku, masana akugona. Mu mdima, zimakhala zosavuta kuti azembera wovutitsidwayo. Komabe, nthawi zina amasaka masana - nthawi zambiri ngati ali ndi njala. Ngati ma feline ena akuluakulu atha kumenyana ndi munthu, cougar sakonda izi, nthawi zambiri amapita. Kuukira kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha cougar atazindikira kuti munthuyo amuukira iye mwini, ndikuganiza kuti sangathawe. Izi ndi nyama zoleza mtima: zikagwera mumsampha, sizichita mantha, koma modekha amayesetsa kudzimasula.
Ngati izi sizinachitike, amangoimitsa kusuntha ndipo amatha kudikirira masiku angapo mpaka wina abwere kudzawona msamphawo: ndipo apa mutha kuyembekezera kuti adzawukira, koma osati nthawi yomweyo, pokhapokha atayamba kumasulidwa, mpaka amatha kunamizira kugona.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cougar mwachilengedwe
Nthawi yoswana ya cougars imayamba nthawi yozizira ndikupitilira mpaka masika. Pakadali pano, amakhala opanda nkhawa; ndewu zimachitika pakati pa amuna. Amuna onse amafuna kukwatirana ndi akazi onse omwe amakhala mdera loyandikira - ndipo atha kukhala atatu mpaka atatu mwa iwo. Mkazi amabereka anawo kwa miyezi itatu, ndipo pambuyo pake amawoneka kuyambira 1 mpaka 6. Kutalika kwake kumachokera ku mphaka wamkulu - 30 cm, ndikulemera magalamu 300-400. Chovalacho ndi chofiirira, pamakhala mawanga akuda - chimawala chaka chilichonse. Amphaka amatsegula maso awo kumayambiriro kwa sabata lachiwiri la moyo, nthawi yomweyo mano awo amatuluka.
Pakadali pano, ndimasewera ndipo amangodya mkaka wa amayi, nyama imawonjezeredwa kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, koma amapitilizabe kuyamwa mkaka. Amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka 1.5-2, kenako amapita kukasaka malo awoawo, koma amatha kukhala mgululi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Amakula msinkhu wazaka 2.5 mwa akazi komanso mwa amuna atatu, ndipo amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10-14. Zimakhala zovuta kuti nkhumba zakale zizisaka, chifukwa chake zimafa chifukwa chodya moperewera kapena mabala omwe amawapatsa - ndi nyama kapena nyama zina. Ali mu ukapolo akhoza kukhala zaka 20.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mukamangidwa, mutha kupeza hybrid ya cougar ndi leoparda, amatchedwa pumapard. Nyama imeneyi imafanana ndi puma m'thupi mwake, koma ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake ndipo ili ndi mawanga pakhungu lake ngati kambuku.
Adani achilengedwe a cougars
Chithunzi: Momwe cougar imawonekera
Cougars alibe adani omwe amawasaka nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zina, mikangano imatha kuchitika ndi zilombo monga:
- Zimbalangondo;
- mimbulu;
- nyamazi;
- zinyama.
Nthawi zambiri, ma cougars amayamba kuwukira, koma akawazunza, amatha kubisala kuzinyama zilizonse zomwe zalembedwazo. Pokhapokha nyamayi itakhala ndi mwayi wowapeza, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala owopsa kwa ma cougars achichepere kapena achikulire okha. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mimbulu - cougar wachikulire wathanzi samenyedwa ngakhale ndi gulu la mimbulu, chifukwa amadziwa kuti idzakhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ma cougars alibe adani enieni achilengedwe, ndipo amatha kumva kukhala otetezeka kwathunthu ngati sikunali kwa anthu. Chifukwa chakuti ma fining amapha ziweto ndi ziweto, nthawi zambiri amawomberedwa kale, ndipo ma cougars ambiri omwe samwalira chifukwa cha chilengedwe amaphedwa ndi anthu.
Koma, ngati momwe zinthu zilili ndi ma subspecies ena ndizofanana ndi nthawi yathu ino, ndi ma cougars zasintha. Chifukwa cha zoletsa zamalamulo ku United States, tsopano amwalira pang'ono, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti asunge kuchuluka kwawo, chifukwa palibe amene angawononge awa feline kupatula anthu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Matumba ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwetedwa, ndipo azikhala bwino osati ndi eni ake okha, komanso nyama zoweta zomwe nyama zakutchire zimapha. Koma izi sizikhudza mbalame, ngakhale nyama zoweta zimakonda kuzisaka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Cougar
Cougars ndi ena mwa mitundu yochepetsedwa kwambiri. Mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa ma subspecies awo akuchepa, koma zosiyanazi zikuchitika ndi cougar: ngati mchaka choyamba cha zaka za zana la 20 panali ochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuyambira pamenepo, chifukwa cha njira zomwe zatetezedwa, zawonjezeka mwachilungamo - tsopano zilipo pafupifupi 30,000 ku North America.
Chiwerengerochi sichingawoneke ngati chachikulu, koma m'malo akuluakulu, omwe amafunika kupha nyama zambiri kuti adye, ndiwachikulu kwambiri. Mitundu yonse yama cougars sinabwezeretsedwe, ndipo amakhala makamaka kumadzulo kwa United States, koma pang'onopang'ono ikukulira kummawa.
Kusaka ma cougars, kutengera kupezeka kwawo m'boma, kumakhala kochepa kapena koletsedwa kotheratu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ziwerengero zawo zibwezeretsedwe: ngati ku South America anthu akupitiliza kufafaniza oimira amitundu ina, ku North America chiwonongeko choterechi chatha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Cougar amamenya wozunzidwayo bwino kwambiri kuposa ma feline ena: m'milandu yoposa 60% (mwachitsanzo, mikango, pafupifupi kotala la zoyesayesa zikuyenda bwino). Koma ngati chiwembucho chidalephera, ndipo wovutikayo adatha kuthawa, cougar samamutsata, chifukwa amatha kungothamangira kamodzi kokha, koma sangathe kuthamanga mtunda wautali.
Cougar yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa momwe ingawonekere kuchokera pamawonekedwe ake, chifukwa ndi kukula kwa galu wamkulu, koma nthawi yomweyo imatha kupha nswala ndi mphamba. Amathanso kudyetsa ziweto, zomwe zimalepheretsa alimi - chifukwa cha izi, adatsala pang'ono kuphedwa pakati pa zaka za 20th. Mwamwayi, njira zowonongera zinagwira ntchito, motero anthu adachira.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/03/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/28/2019 pa 11:51
