Crane Woyera kapena Siberia Crane - mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi mawu omveka ogonthetsa. Cranes zoyera ndi mbalame zolimba kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwa mbalamezi kumapezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lathu, nthawi yozizira mbalamezi zimauluka kupita kumayiko ofunda kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yofatsa komanso yotentha. Kodi kutha kwa ma Siberia Cranes ndikuwoneka kokongola kwambiri, komabe? Mwina posachedwa sitidzatha kuwona mizere yofananira yama crane yomwe ikuuluka nyengo yozizira kugwa, chifukwa chaka chilichonse mbalamezi zimachepa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: White Crane
Crane yoyera kapena Siberia Crane ndi ya nyama, mtundu wa chordate, gulu la mbalame, banja la crane, mtundu wa Crane, mitundu ya Crane ya ku Siberia. Cranes ndi mbalame zakale kwambiri, banja la cranes lidapangidwa mu Eocene, pafupifupi zaka 40-60 miliyoni zapitazo. Mbalame zamakedzana zinali zosiyana ndi oimira banja ili, zomwe timazidziwa tsopano, zinali zazikulu kuposa abale amakono, mawonekedwe a mbalame amasiyana.
Kanema: White Crane
Achibale apamtima a White Cranes ndi a Psophiidae Trumpeter ndi Aramidae Shepherd Cranes. M'nthawi zakale, mbalamezi zimadziwika ndi anthu, izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zolemba pamiyala zosonyeza mbalame zokongolazi. Mtundu wa Grus leucogeranus udafotokozedwa koyamba ndi katswiri wazinyama waku Soviet K.A. Vorobyov mu 1960.
Cranes ndi mbalame zazikulu zokhala ndi khosi lalitali ndi miyendo yayitali. Mapiko a mbalame ndi oposa 2 mita. Kutalika kwa Siberia Crane ndi masentimita 140. Paulendo, ma cranes amatambasula makosi awo kutsogolo ndikutsika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofanana ndi adokowe, koma mosiyana ndi mbalamezi, ma cranes alibe chizolowezi chokhazikika pamitengo. Cranes ali ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi milomo yayitali, yosongoka. Pamutu pafupi ndi mlomo pali malo akhungu lopanda mapiko. Ku Cranes ku Siberia, malowa ndi ofiira kwambiri. Nthenga ndi zoyera, nthenga zouluka ndizofiyira pamapiko. Achinyamata amatha kukhala ndi malo owopsa kumbuyo kapena m'khosi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi crane yoyera imawoneka bwanji
Siberia Cranes ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri. Ndi zokongoletsa zenizeni za nazale kapena zoo zilizonse. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera 5.5 mpaka 9 kg. Kutalika kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapazi masentimita 140-160, mapiko a mapiko pafupifupi 2 mita. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi, ndipo amuna amakhalanso ndi milomo yayitali. Nthenga za ku Siberia Cranes ndizoyera kwambiri, nthenga zazikulu pamapiko zimakhala zakuda, pafupifupi zakuda.
Pamutu pake pozungulira mlomo pali chigamba cha khungu lopanda kanthu lofiira. Chifukwa cha zomwe mbalameyo imawoneka yowopsa pang'ono, ngakhale kuwonekera koyamba kuli koyenera, mawonekedwe amizere yoyera ndiyopsa mtima. Mlomo ndi wofiira, wowongoka komanso wautali. Achinyamata amakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira. Nthawi zina pakhoza kukhala mawanga ofiira mbali ndi kumbuyo. Mbalame zimavala zovala zachinyamata mpaka patadutsa zaka 2-2.5, mtundu wa mbalame umasinthiratu.
Maso a mbalame ndi tcheru, maso a munthu wamkulu wachikasu. Miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yosalala, ya pinki. Mulibe nthenga pamapazi, pamiyendo iliyonse pamakhala zala 4, pakati ndi zala zakunja zimalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Vocalization - Ma Cranes aku Siberia akulira kwambiri, kulira uku pakamatha kuwuluka kumamveka pansi. Komanso ma Cranes aku Siberia amamveka mokweza kwambiri m'mavinidwe awo.
Chosangalatsa: Mawu a crane amafanana ndi phokoso la chida choimbira. Poimba, anthu amawona mawu ngati kung'ung'udza pang'ono.
Cranes zoyera zimawerengedwa kuti ndizowona pakati pa mbalame zakutchire, mbalamezi zimatha kukhala zaka 70. Cranes amatha kubala ana azaka 6-7.
Kodi crane woyera amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Crane yoyera ikuthawa
Ma cranes oyera amakhala ndi malire ochepa. Mbalamezi zimangokhala mchigawo cha dziko lathu. Pakadali pano pali anthu awiri okha a cranes oyera. Anthuwa amakhala kutali wina ndi mnzake. Chiwerengero choyamba chakumadzulo chafalikira ku Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, ku Komi Republic ndi dera la Arkhangelsk. Chiwerengero chachiwiri chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chakum'mawa; ma cranes amtunduwu m'chigawo chakumpoto cha Yakutia.
Zisa za anthu akumadzulo pafupi ndi kamwa ka Mtsinje wa Mezen, komanso kum'mawa, m'malo ophulika a Mtsinje wa Kunovat. Komanso mbalamezi zimapezeka pa Ob. Anthu akum'mawa amakonda chisa kumtunda. Pofuna kukaikira mazira, ma Cranes aku Siberia amasankha malo opanda zipululu okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Awa ndi mapiko am'mbali mwa mitsinje, madambo m'nkhalango. Cranes zoyera ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka ndipo zimayenda mtunda wautali kuti zitha nyengo yozizira m'maiko ofunda.
M'nyengo yozizira, cranes zoyera zimapezeka m'madambo a India ndi kumpoto kwa Iran. M'dziko lathu, ma Cranes a Siberia nthawi yozizira pafupi ndi gombe la Shomal, lomwe lili m'nyanja ya Caspian. Cranes a Yakut amakonda nyengo yachisanu ku China, komwe mbalamezi zasankha chigwa pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Yangtze. Pakakhala zisa, mbalame zimamanga zisa m'madzi. Kwa zisa, malo otsekedwa kwambiri amasankhidwa. Zisa za mbalame ndizokulirapo ndipo zimakhala ndi ma sedges. Malo okhala ku Siberia Crane ndi mulu waukulu wa udzu wokoma, momwe kupsinjika kwapangidwira. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimakwera masentimita 20 pamwamba pamadzi.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kireni woyera amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi crane yoyera imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Crane yoyera kuchokera ku Red Book
Cranes zoyera ndizopatsa chidwi ndipo sizisankha kwenikweni pazakudya.
Zakudya zama cranes oyera zimaphatikizapo:
- mbewu ndi zipatso amakonda kwambiri cranberries ndi cloudberries;
- achule ndi amphibiya;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- mbalame zazing'ono;
- nsomba;
- mazira a mbalame zazing'ono;
- ndere ndi mizu ya zomera zam'madzi;
- udzu wa thonje ndi sedge;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tiziromboti ndi nyamakazi.
M'malo awo okhala nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri amadyera zakudya zamasamba ndi zipatso. Amakonda kudya nsomba ndi achule ngati chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Nthawi zina ndi makoswe. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya zomwe amapezeka pamalo achisanu. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri, cranes zoyera, ngakhale m'zaka zanjala, sizimawulukira konse kumalo okololako mbewu ndi malo okhala anthu. Mbalame sizimakonda anthu, ngakhale ataphedwa ndi njala, sizibwera kwa munthu. Cranes akazindikira anthu pafupi ndi chisa chawo, mbalame zimatha kuchoka pachisa mpaka kalekale.
Kupeza chakudya, cranes amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi milomo yawo. Mbalamezi zimagwira ndikupha nyama zawo ndi milomo yawo. Cranes amasodzedwa m'madzi ndi milomo yawo. Kuti atulutse ma rhizomes, cranes amakumba nthaka ndi milomo yawo. Mbewu ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono timatoleredwa kuchokera pansi, ndipo mu ukapolo, mbalame zimadyetsedwa tirigu, nsomba, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndi mazira. Komanso mu ukapolo, cranes amapatsidwa nyama ya mbalame zazing'ono, mbewu ndi chakudya chomera. Ponena za kufunika kwa zakudya, chakudya choterechi sichingafanane ndi chomwe mbalame zimadya kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Crane White Crane
Cranes ndi mbalame zankhanza. Kawirikawiri, anapiye a ku Siberia amapha okha pokhapokha ataswa kuchokera mu dzira. Ma Cranes aku Siberia amakhalanso ankhanza kwa anthu, makamaka munthawi ya chisa. Amakhala achinsinsi kwambiri, samalola kukhalapo kwa munthu pafupi nawo. Cranes oyera amafuna kwambiri malo awo okhala; amakhala m'mitsinje yamadzi amchere ndi madambo. Poterepa, ndi mitsinje yosaya yokha yomwe imasankhidwa.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mbalamezi zizikhala ndi madzi oyera oyera pafupi. Ma Cranes aku Siberia amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi madzi, amamanga zisa zawo mmenemo, mmenemo amathera nthawi yawo yambiri akugwira nsomba ndi achule, akudya zitsamba zam'madzi. Cranes zoyera ndi mbalame zosamuka. M'chilimwe, zimakhazikika kumpoto kwa Russia ndi ku Far East, ndikuwulukira kumayiko otentha nthawi yachisanu.
Mbalame zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chotukuka, ngati mbalame zisafuna kukhala awiriawiri, panthawi yamaulendo amakhala ngati mbalame zomwe zikubwera. Amawuluka mopanda kanthu ndikumvera mtsogoleri. Panthawi yogona, amuna ndi akazi amathandizira pamoyo wabanja. Mbalame zimanga zisa pamodzi, zimasamalira ana pamodzi.
Ma Cranes amachoka kuti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira mu Seputembala, amabwerera kumalo awo omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa Epulo-pakati pa Meyi. Ndegeyo imatenga masiku pafupifupi 15-20. Pakati paulendo, ma cranes amauluka pamtunda wamamita 700-1000 pamwamba panthaka pamtunda wa makilomita 60 pa ola pamtunda komanso pafupifupi 100 km pa ola limodzi pamwamba pa nyanja. Tsiku limodzi, gulu la cranes litha kuwuluka mpaka 400 km. M'nyengo yozizira amatha kukhala limodzi m'magulu akulu. Izi zimapangitsa mbalame kukhala zotetezeka kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Cranes ndi mbalame zonyada, sizikhala pamitengo ya mitengo. Kukhala pansi pamitengo yokhotakhota pansi pa kulemera kwawo sikuli kwa iwo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Crane white chick
Cranes amafika m'malo obisalira kuchokera nyengo yachisanu kumapeto kwa Epulo Meyi. Pakadali pano, nthawi yawo yokwatirana imayamba. Asanayambitse banja, ma cranes amakhala ndi mwambo weniweni waukwati, pomwe amuna ndi akazi amalumikizana pakuimba bwino kwambiri, ndikupanga mawu omveka bwino. Poimba, amuna nthawi zambiri amatambasula mapiko awo mmbali ndipo amaponya mitu yawo kumbuyo, pomwe yaikazi imasiya mapiko atapinda. Kuphatikiza pakuimba, masewera okhathamira amatsagana ndi magule osangalatsa, mwina kuvina kumeneku kumakhazika mtima pansi m'modzi mwa omwe ali mgululi, ngati ali wankhanza, kapena ngati njira yolimbikitsira ubale pakati pawo.
Chisa chimamangidwa ndi mbalame pamadzi, onse amuna ndi akazi amatenga nawo gawo pantchitoyi. Nthawi imodzi yokwatirana, yaikazi imaikira mazira awiri akulu olemera pafupifupi magalamu 214 ndikumapuma kwamasiku angapo. Kwa anthu ena, m'malo ovuta, zowalamulira zimatha kukhala ndi dzira limodzi lokha. Mazira a mazira amachitidwa makamaka ndi wamkazi, ngakhale nthawi zina wamwamuna amamuthandiza, nthawi zambiri amalowetsa wamkazi masana. Makulitsidwe amatenga mwezi wathunthu. Pakusakaniza mazira ndi wamkazi, yamphongo nthawi zonse imakhala kwinakwake pafupi ndipo imateteza banja lake.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, amabereka anapiye awiri (2) M'masiku 40 oyambilira, anapiyewo amalimbana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, imodzi mwa anapiye amafa, ndipo yamphamvu kwambiri imatsalira. Koma ngati anapiyewo apulumuka ali ndi zaka 40, anapiyewo amasiya kumenyana okhaokha ndipo amakhala mwamtendere. M'nyumba zosungira ana, nthawi zambiri dzira limodzi limachotsedwa m'manja ndipo mwana wa nkhuku amaleredwa ndi anthu. Pankhaniyi, anapiye onse awiri adzapulumuka. Achinyamata amatha kutsatira makolo awo patadutsa maola angapo chichokereni pachisa. Anapiye akaimirira, banja lonse limachoka pachisa ndikupuma pantunda. Kumeneku mbalamezi zimakhala mpaka zitachoka kunyengo yachisanu.
Adani achilengedwe a cranes oyera
Chithunzi: White Crane
Cranes zoyera ndi mbalame zazikulu komanso zaukali, motero achikulire a ku Siberia alibe adani kuthengo. Ndi nyama zochepa chabe zomwe zimayesetsa kukhumudwitsa mbalameyi. Koma anapiye achichepere ndi zowombera za Cranes za Siberia amakhala pangozi nthawi zonse.
Zisa za Crane zitha kuwonongedwa ndi adani monga:
- nkhandwe;
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- chithaphwi;
- mphungu ndi akhwangwala.
Gulu la akalulu osuntha nthawi zambiri limawopseza adokowe ndikuwakakamiza kuti achoke pazisa zawo, ndipo mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawopsezedwa ndi ziweto zazinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi anthu ndi agalu. Anapiye omwe amakhala ndi moyo mpaka atakula amakhalabe ochepa ngati ndalamazo zitetezedwa ndipo wamng'ono kwambiri mwa anapiye nthawi zambiri amaphedwa ndi achikulire. Komabe, mdani wowopsa kwambiri pa mbalamezi anali munthu. Ngakhale osati anthuwo, koma moyo wathu wogula, waika ma Cranes aku Siberia pangozi yakutha. Anthu amalimbitsa mabedi amitsinje, amaumitsa matupi amadzi m'malo achilengedwe a mbalamezi, ndipo kulibe malo opumulirako ndi kukaikira mazira kwa Siberia Cranes.
Cranes zoyera zimayang'anitsitsa malo awo okhala ndipo zimangokhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, komanso m'malo omwe anthu sangathe kufikako. Ngati matupi amadzi ndi madambo auma, mbalame zimayenera kufunafuna malo ena okhala. Ngati izi sizikupezeka, mbalame sizimangobweretsa ana chaka chino. Chaka chilichonse anthu ochepa amaswana, ndipo pali anapiye ochepa omwe amakhala ndi moyo mpaka atakula. Masiku ano, ma cranes oyera akuleredwa mu ukapolo. M'minda yosamalira ana, mazira ndi anapiye amasamalidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa za mbalame, mbalamezo zikakula, zimatumizidwa kukakhala kuthengo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi crane yoyera imawoneka bwanji
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa ma cranes oyera padziko lonse lapansi ndi anthu pafupifupi 3000 okha. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu akumadzulo kwa Siberia Cranes ali ndi anthu 20 okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu akumadzulo a Siberia Cranes atsala pang'ono kutha ndipo chiyembekezo chachitukuko cha anthu sichabwino konse. Kupatula apo, mbalame sizifuna kuswana m'malo awo achilengedwe, chifukwa zilibe malo omangira zisa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalame zimakonda kwambiri malo okhala.
Pakati pa ndege komanso nyengo yachisanu, Siberia Cranes imatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma mbalamezi zimangokhala m'madzi osaya kumene mbalame zimagona.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira ku China Valley pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Yangtze. Pakadali pano, malowa ali ndi anthu ambiri; malo ambiri pafupi ndi malo omwe Siberan amakhala amakhala akugwiritsa ntchito zosowa. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, ma Cranes aku Siberia salolera kuyandikana ndi anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudziko lathu, m'malo opangira zisa, mafuta amatengedwa ndipo madambo amatuluka. Ku Pakistan ndi Afghanistan, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa, koma kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70s, kusaka ma Cranes a Siberia kwaletsedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, mitundu ya Grus leucogeranus yatchulidwa mu Red Book ndipo ili ndi mtundu wa mtundu womwe watsala pang'ono kutha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchito yakhala ikuchitika kuti asunge mitundu iyi komanso nthumwi zina za banja la crane. Ngongole yosungidwa yakhazikitsidwa ku Russia. Ku China, malo osungirako zachilengedwe adapangidwa m'malo ozizira a cranes oyera.
Kuteteza ma cranes oyera
Chithunzi: Kodi crane yoyera imawoneka bwanji
Mu 1973, International Crane Conservation Fund idakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1974, chikalata chokhudza mgwirizano pantchito yoteteza chilengedwe chidasainidwa pakati pa Soviet Union ndi America. Mu 1978, malo osungirako crane apadera adakhazikitsidwa m'chigawo cha Vinsconsin, pomwe mazira ochokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka kuthengo. Oyang'anira mbalame ochokera ku United States adalera anapiyewo ndikubwera nawo kuthengo.
Masiku ano ku Russia, China, USA ndi Belgium akatswiri azakuthambo amakweza ma cranes m'malo osungira. Ornithologists, kudziwa za mpikisano pakati pa anapiye, kuchotsa dzira limodzi pa zowalamulira ndi kulera mwana wankhuku paokha. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri a mbalame amayesetsa kuti asamangirire anapiye kwa anthu, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe obisika kusamalira anapiye.
Chosangalatsa: Kusamalira anapiye, akatswiri a mbalame amagwiritsa ntchito masuti apadera oyera, izi zimakumbutsa anapiye a amayi awo. Achinyamata amaphunziranso kuuluka mothandizidwa ndi anthu. Mbalamezi zimauluka pambuyo pa ndege yaying'ono yapadera, yomwe amalakwitsa kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa gululo. Umu ndi momwe mbalamezi zimayendera ulendo wawo woyamba wosamuka "Flight of Hope".
Pakadali pano, njira zotere zokweza anapiye zikuchitika ku Oka Nature Reserve. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osungirako zachilengedwe komanso malo osungirako zinthu amagwirira ntchito mdera la Yakutia, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District ndi Tyumen.
Crane Woyera mbalame zodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti pali mbalame zokongola komanso zokoma padziko lathuli. Tiyeni tiyembekezere kuti kuyeserera kwa oyang'anira mbalame sikungakhale kwachabe, ndipo anapiye omwe adaleredwa mu ukapolo azitha kukhala kuthengo ndikuberekana.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/29/2019
Tsiku losintha: 07/29/2019 ku 21: 08
