Narwhal ali ndi dzina lapakati, amatchedwa chipembere cha m'nyanja, ndipo dzina ili silinangochitika mwangozi. Nyamazi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, apadera omwe adadabwitsa omwe adazipeza ndipo akupitabe kudabwabe mpaka pano. Ndi nyama zanzeru komanso zokoma zomwe zimakhala m'malo ozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Narwhal
Ma Narwhals ndi nyama zakutchire ndi mtundu wa narwhals - okhawo omwe amayimira mtundu wawo. Narwhals ndi cetaceans - nyama zomwe zatha kusintha moyo wamadzi.
Ndizovuta kudziwa komwe ma narwhal adachokera, popeza makolo awo sanapezeke omwe akanakhala ndi mano ofanana omwe amakula kuchokera pamutu wa narwhals. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a narwhals ndi beluga, ali ndi dongosolo lofananira, kupatula mawonekedwe am'kamwa.
Kanema: Narwhal
Ma Cetacean amafanana kwambiri ndi ma artiodactyls. Malingana ndi chibadwa chawo, ali pafupi ndi mvuu, chifukwa chake zitha kupangidwa kuti zolengedwa zoyamwitsa za Mesonichia anali makolo akale a narwhals. Nyama izi zimawoneka ngati mimbulu, koma zinali ndi ziboda ziwiri.
Mesonychia ankakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo ankadya nsomba, nkhanu ndi nkhono. Zakudya zoterezi zimakakamiza nyamazo nthawi zambiri kupita m'madzi kapena kukakhala madambo. Matupi awo adasinthidwa ndi moyo wam'madzi - mawonekedwe amthupi, mchira wophatikizidwa adapangidwa. Mphuno ya zamoyo zonse zili kumbuyo - zimagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi mphuno za nyama zakutchire.
Chosangalatsa: Nyani ya narwhal ndichinthu chodabwitsa chosinthika. Asayansi akamvetsetsa molondola chifukwa chomwe nyamazi zimazifunira, mafunso ambiri okhudza chiyambi cha narwhal adzatsekedwa.
Chifukwa chomwe narwhal ilibe dorsal fin ndi funso lotseguka. Mwinamwake, chifukwa cha malo okhala kumpoto, chombocho chinachepetsedwa - chinali chosasangalatsa mukasambira pamwamba, pafupi ndi ayezi. Zipsepse za cetaceans zimakhala zosalimba, motero ma narwhal amatha kungoziphwanya nthawi zambiri pamadzi oundana.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe narwhal imawonekera
Narwhals ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri - kulemera kwake kumatha kupitilira tani, ndipo thupi la amuna limafika kutalika kwa mita 6. Mbali yaikulu ya narwhal ndi mafuta, omwe amateteza nyama ku chimfine ndikulola kuti isadye chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali.
M'magulu amtundu wa narwhals, mawonekedwe azakugonana amawonedwa: amuna amakhala owirikiza kamodzi ndi theka kuposa akazi. Kunja, anthu onse amafanana ndi anamgumi, ma dolphin ndifishfish chifukwa cha "nyanga" yawo yayitali. Ali ndi mutu waukulu, wozungulira wokhala ndi khosi losinthasintha, ngati belugas. Kumbuyo kwake kulibe kumapeto, thupi limakhala losalala, losalala, lomwe limalola kuti narwhal ipange kuthamanga kwambiri. Mtundu wa narwhal ndi womwewo: ndi thupi lotuwa, lokutidwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi akuda, omwe amapezeka koposa kumbuyo ndi kumutu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chifukwa cha utoto, ma narwhal adapeza dzina - kuchokera mchilankhulo cha Sweden "narwhal" ndi "cadaveric whale", popeza mtundu wawo umakumbutsa omwe adapeza madontho owopsa.
Pakamwa pa narwhal ndi kocheperako, yopapatiza, mano mulibe mmenemo, kupatula mano awiri apamwamba, ofanana ndi ma incisors. Dzino lakumanzere lakumanzere laimuna limasanduka chimenyedwe chomwecho chomwe chimadula chigaza ndikukula mpaka kuzungulira mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 3. Kulemera kwake kwa mkombowo kumatha kufikira 10 kg. Akazi ali ndi minyanga yotereyi, ngakhale kuti ndi yosawerengeka.
Chosangalatsa: Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Hamburg ili ndi chigaza cha narwhal chachikazi chokhala ndi minyanga iwiri.
Tusk ya narwhal ndiyosiyana ndi kapangidwe kake: imakhala yolimba komanso yosinthasintha nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuti muswe - muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri. Asayansi sakudziwa chifukwa chake ma narwhal amafunikira mano. Pali mtundu wina womwe umatha kukopa akazi nthawi yachisangalalo, koma mano awo sangapezeke mwa akazi konse.
Mtundu wina ndikuti mnyanga ndi malo ovuta omwe amatha kuzindikira kutentha kwamadzi ndi kuthamanga. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, ma narwhal samenya nkhondo ndi mano ndipo samawagwiritsa ntchito ngati zida, amawachitira mosamala kwambiri.
Kodi narwhal amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Sea Narwhal
Ma Narwhal amangokhala m'madzi ozizira a Nyanja Yakumpoto, komanso ku North Atlantic.
Malo ofala kwambiri omwe mumakumana ndi ziweto za narwhals ndi awa:
- Zilumba za Canada;
- gombe la Greenland;
- Spitsbergen;
- Franz Josef Land (kuyambira 2019);
- Dziko Lapansi Latsopano;
- kumwera kwa Great Britain (nyengo yozizira yokha);
- Gombe la Murmansk;
- Nyanja Yoyera (komanso m'nyengo yozizira yokha);
- Zilumba za Bering.
Ngakhale madera ambiri komwe kumakhala ma narwhal, kuchuluka kwawo ndikotsika kwambiri. Kufalikira kumeneku kumavuta kuwona kwa ma narwhals, ndichifukwa chake ngakhale masiku ano anthu ena atha kuzunzidwa ndi achiwembu.
Ma Narwhal amakhala ndi moyo woweta. Nthawi zambiri amakhala mozama, poyenda mosalekeza. Pamodzi ndi ana a ng'ombe ndi okalamba, amayenda makilomita makumi ambiri patsiku, kufunafuna chakudya. Narwhals amakumbukira malo pomwe pali mabowo mu ayezi kuti apume.
Magulu awiri a narwhals ndi osowa kwambiri - pogwiritsa ntchito echolocation, amadziwika komwe amakhala ndikupewa kukumana. Akakumana (amapezeka, nthawi zambiri, nthawi yachisanu), amatulutsa mawu olandila, popanda mabanja otsutsana.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyumbu yam'madzi yam'madzi imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi narwhal amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Narwhal, kapena unicorn wanyanja
Physiology ndi moyo wa narwhals zimawalola kuti akhale odyetsa opambana.
Zakudya za narwhal tsiku lililonse zimaphatikizapo:
- nsomba zazing'ono zakuya panyanja - amakonda nsomba zopanda mafuta, "zofewa";
- molluscs, kuphatikizapo cephalopods - octopus, cuttlefish, squid;
- nkhanu;
- nsomba zosiyanasiyana zakumpoto: halibut, cod, Arctic cod, red red.
Ma Narwhal nthawi zambiri amasakira akuya 1 km, ngakhale samakonda kupitirira 500 mita. Ngati gulu lakhala lisanapeze chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, silimva kuwawidwa ndi izi, koma limadyetsa m'malo osungira mafuta. Ma Narwhal sanapezeke atatopa kapena kufa ndi njala.
Amasanthula chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito echolocation. Phokoso limatulutsa zinthu, pomwe ma narwhal amadziwa nsomba kapena nyama zina zomwe zitha kugwidwa. Amawukira gulu la nsomba limodzi, natenga chakudya chochuluka mothandizidwa ndi khosi losunthika.
Ngati nyamayo ndi imodzi - octopus kapena squid, ndiye kuti akazi achichepere ndi omwe akuyamwa amadyetsa kaye, kenako akazi achikulire, ndipo pamapeto pake amuna amadya. Nthawi zonse ma narwhal amathera kufunafuna chakudya.
Monga belugas, mano a narwhal amatha kuyamwa m'madzi ndikuwombera mumtsinje wautali. Narwhals amagwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kotenga octopus kapena crustaceans kuchokera m'ming'alu yopapatiza kapena kuyamwa nsomba zazing'ono mkamwa mwawo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal narwhal
Narwhals ndi ochezeka komanso amtendere. Amakonda madzi ozizira, koma pakugwa, kutentha kwamadzi kukatsika, amasamukira kumwera. Munthawi imeneyi, ma narwhal ambiri amakhala ndi ana, ndichifukwa chake amapitanso m'madzi otentha.
Narwhals amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pa ayezi. Nthawi zina, zimayala zazimuna zazimuna zimawoneka, zomwe zimafikira padzenje lakutulutsa mpweya wa oxygen, ndikutsikiranso pansi. Ngati bowo litakutidwa ndi ayezi, ma narwhals akulu achimuna amathyola mutu wawo, koma osati ndi mano awo.
Ma Narwhal, monga dolphins, amakhala m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi khumi. Amuna samasiyana ndi akazi. Narwhals amalumikizana ndi ma siginolo osiyanasiyana amawu ndi echolocation, koma kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa ma siginolo sikudziwika. Titha kunena molimba mtima kuti anamgumi, ma dolphin ndi anamgumi ali ndi njira yofananira yolumikizirana.
Zosangalatsa: Gulu lililonse la narwhal limakhala ndi matchulidwe ake omwe gulu lina silimvetsetsa. Zikuwoneka ngati zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana za chilankhulo chomwecho.
M'nyengo yotentha, narwhals amasamukira kumpoto, pokhala ndi pakati kapena ndi ana akale. Nthawi zina amuna osungulumwa amasambira patali ndi gulu lankhosa - chifukwa cha khalidweli silikudziwika, chifukwa ma narwhal samachotsa obadwa m'gulu. Nyama izi zimatha kulowa m'madzi akuya mamita 500. Popanda mpweya, zimatha kukhala theka la ola, koma anawo amatuluka ndikupuma mphindi 20 zilizonse.
Ma Narwhal samaukira zamoyo zina zam'madzi popanda chifukwa. Amachitiranso nkhanza anthu, koma mosiyana ndi ma dolphin ndi anamgumi ena, samachita chidwi ndi izi. Ma narwhal akaona bwato pafupi ndi paketiyo, amasankha kubisala pang'onopang'ono kuti asawonekere.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Narwhal Cub
Masewera okwatirana amagwa nthawi yachilimwe, koma ndizovuta kutchula mwezi weniweni chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo. Narwhals amasankha nthawi yomwe kutentha koyamba kumawonekera ndipo kutentha kwamadzi kumakwera.
Monga lamulo, ma narwhal amakhala ochezeka, koma nthawi zina pamakhala anthu osakwatira. M'nyengo yoswana, osungulumwa amaphatikizana ndi ziweto komwe kuli akazi ndi amuna. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zazimuna zimasiyanirana, zimasambira patali, koma munyengo yokhwima, ma narwhal onse amasochera kukhala gulu limodzi lalikulu, lomwe limatha kukhala ndi anthu 15.
Ma Narwhal amayamba kutulutsa mawu ndi echolocation. Phokoso zingapo zimawonetsa kukonzeka kukwatira ndikufufuza bwenzi - ma narwhal azimayi amasankha okha amuna poyimba. Kupsinjika kwa amuna panthawiyi sikuwonedwa, komanso amuna opambana omwe ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana.
Kupezeka kwa olamulira olimba mgulu kumapereka ma narwhal mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu, yomwe, imaperekanso maziko abwino oberekera komanso kufalitsa anthu. Mimba ya mkazi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi 15. Zotsatira zake, amabala mwana mmodzi, yemwe amasambira pafupi ndi amayi ake mpaka azaka 3-4. Pofika zaka 5-6, amakhala atakula. Mwambiri, ma narwhal amatha kukhala zaka 60, koma samakhala mu ukapolo ngakhale chaka chimodzi.
Izi ndichifukwa choti ma narwhals amayenda kwambiri - amasambira makilomita makumi tsiku. Ma Narwhal nawonso ndi ochezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake sangakhale mu ukapolo.
Adani achilengedwe a narwhals
Chithunzi: Narwhals munyanja ya narwhal
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, ma narwhal alibe adani achilengedwe. Kuopseza kokha kwa nyama izi kunaimiridwa ndi anthu, zomwe zidakopa kuchuluka kwa ma narwhals.
Ana a narwhals nthawi zina amatha kugwidwa ndi zimbalangondo zakumtunda pamene akusambira kupita ku dzenje kuti apume. Zimbalangondo zakumtunda sizimasaka dala ma narwhal - amangoyang'ana polynya, kudikirira, monga lamulo, la zisindikizo. Chimbalangondo chapamwamba sichikhoza kukoka narwhal yayikulu, koma chimatha kuvulaza ndi nsagwada zamphamvu mpaka kufa kwa nyama.
Narwhal ikachoka pagulu la chimbalangondo, imalira ndikuchenjeza gulu kuti kuli ngozi. Gulu limapita kudzenje lina. Pachifukwa ichi, mpweya woyamba nthawi zambiri umatengedwa ndi narwhal wamwamuna. Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, ma walrus amatha kuukira ma narwhals. Amuna amakhala ankhanza kwambiri, akumenya chilichonse chomwe chili pansi pamadzi. Ma Narwhal ndi othamanga kuposa ma walrus, chifukwa chake amanyalanyaza ziwopsezo zotere.
Nsomba zakumpoto ndi nyama zakutchire, koma zimawopseza ana a narwhals. Monga mwalamulo, amuna amathamangitsa nsomba, ndipo akazi amawazungulira mwamphamvu anawo, koma nthawi zina nsomba zimapezabe nyama.
Ambiri amavomereza kuti mdani wamkulu wa narwhal ndiye wakupha nangumi. Chowonadi ndichakuti anamgumi opha kawirikawiri samaukira nyama zam'madzi monga anamgumi ndi ma dolphin, chifukwa amachokera m'banja limodzi. Ndi gulu laling'ono chabe la anamgumi opha omwe amaukira ma narwhals. Koma anamgumi akupha ndi olusa kwambiri, ndipo ma narwhal amawopa nyama izi. Chifukwa cha ichi, narwhals amakonda kukhala kumadera akumpoto, posankha ma fjord opapatiza, pomwe nyama zazikulu sizisambira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Keith Narwhal
Kuyambira kale, ma narwhal akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la nyama ndi mafuta kwa mbadwa za ku Far North. Anthu amasaka ma narwhal, kukhalabe pantchito ya polynya kapena kusambira m'madzi ozizira m'mabwato, okhala ndi zisipuni.
Mpaka pano, kusaka nyama zamtundu wina kumaloledwa kwa anthu okhala ku Far North, koma amuna akulu okha ndi omwe ayenera kusankhidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma cetaceans ndi ma narwhal makamaka amatenga gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo ya anthuwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mafuta a narwhals amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a nyali, matumbo olimba anali maziko a zingwe, ndipo zaluso ndi nsonga zankhondo zidapangidwa kuchokera kuminyolo.
M'zaka za zana la 20, ma narwhal adathetsedwa mwachangu. Mitundu yonse yamankhwala idanenedwa ndi nyama yawo, mafuta ndi mano ake, ndichifukwa chake ma narwhal anali amtengo wapatali pamsika ndipo amagulitsidwa okwera mtengo kwambiri. Mwa kufanana ndi zisindikizo zaubweya, msika udalandira zikho zochulukirapo kuchokera ku ma narwhals, chifukwa chake adasiya kugulitsa pamtengo wokwera.
Padakali opha nyama mozemba. Chiwerengero cha ma narwhals chatsika kwambiri, ndipo tsopano ndi mitundu yotetezedwa. Sikuletsedwa konse kusaka akazi ndi ana - amuna ogwidwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito "popanda zinyalala," pali gawo linalake lopangira nyama izi, lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwawo pachaka.
Kuwonongeka kwa nyanja zam'mlengalenga kumakhudzanso anthu. Ma Narwhal amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi ndi chiyero, motero kutalika kwa moyo wa ma narwhal omwe amakhala m'malo owonongeka akuchepa.
Kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa chakudya cha narwhals, komwe kumakhudzanso miyoyo yawo ndikuwakakamiza kuti asamukire kumalo ena komwe amakumana ndi shark ndi anamgumi opha. Chifukwa chachitetezo chokhwima komanso kuyang'anitsitsa magulu odziwika bwino a narwhals, ziwerengero zawo zikuchulukirachulukira, ngakhale akadali otsika kwambiri.
Chitetezo cha Narwhal
Chithunzi: Narwhals ochokera ku Red Book
Narwhal adatchulidwa mu Red Book m'chigawo cha Russia ngati mtundu wosowa, wazing'ono, mtundu umodzi wokha. Zinthu ndizovuta chifukwa chakuti ma narwhal samalekerera ukapolo bwino, chifukwa chake kuswana m'malo apadera ndizosatheka.
Mu February 2019, gulu la 32 narwhals lidapezeka kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Franz Josef Land, chomwe chimaphatikizapo amuna, akazi ndi ana ang'ombe ofanana. Anapezeka ndi gulu la asayansi ochokera ku Narwhal. Mbiri ya Arctic ". Izi zikusonyeza kuti nyamazo zasankha malo okhala kwamuyaya ndi malo oti zizisankhira okha. Makamaka chifukwa cha gululi, kuchuluka kwa ma narwhal ku Arctic kukukulira. Asayansi akupitiliza kuwayang'anira anthuwa, gululo limatetezedwa kwa anthu opha nyama mosayenera.
Zotsatira za ulendowu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira mawonekedwe amtundu wa narwhals kuti athandizirenso pakusamalira zamoyozo. Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwake, momwe amasunthira, nyengo zoswana ndi madera omwe ma narwhal amafala. Kafukufuku akukonzekera mpaka nthawi yachisanu 2022. Agwirizanitsidwa ndi RAS Institute of Ecology and Evolution ndi Gazprom Neft, omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi pulogalamu ya Arctic Time.
Narwhal - chodabwitsa komanso chosowa nyama. Ndiwo okha mamembala amtundu wawo omwe amakhala moyo wobisika, wamtendere. Khama la asayansi ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe limawonetsetsa kuti nyama izi zatetezedwa, popeza kuteteza anthu kuthengo ndiye mwayi wokhawo wosunga zamoyozi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/29/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.08.2019 pa 22:32
