Njoka ya Taipan McCoy - chokwawa cholusa, chimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njoka zapadziko lapansi zapoizoni. Koma popeza amakhala kumadera ochepa ku Australia ndipo amabisalira, ngozi zoluma ndizochepa. Ndi njoka yokhayo ku Australia yomwe imatha kusintha mtundu wake. M'miyezi yotentha ya chilimwe, imakhala ndi mtundu wowala - makamaka wobiriwira, womwe umathandizira kuwunikira kunyezimira kwa dzuwa ndi chigoba. M'nyengo yozizira, Taipan McCoy amayamba kuda, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyamwa kwambiri dzuwa. Zinazindikiranso kuti mutu wake umakhala wakuda m'mawa kwambiri, ndipo umapepuka masana.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy
Taipans awiri aku Australia: taipan (O. scutellatus) ndi taipan McCoy (O. microlepidotus) ali ndi makolo ofanana. Kafukufuku wamtundu wa mitochondrial wamtunduwu akuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi zaka 9-10 miliyoni zapitazo. Taipan McCoy amadziwika ndi Aaborijini aku Australia zaka 40,000-60,000 zapitazo. M'dera lomwe tsopano limatchedwa Laguna Goyder kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South Australia, Taipan McCoy amatchedwa Dundarabilla ndi anthu achiaborijini.
Kanema: Njoka ya Taipan McCoy
Taipan iyi idakopa chidwi chake mu 1879. Zitsanzo ziwiri za njoka yoopsa zapezeka pamtsinje wa Murray ndi Darling kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Victoria ndipo Frederick McCoy, yemwe adatcha mtundu wa Diemenia microlepidota. Mu 1882, chidutswa chachitatu chidapezeka pafupi ndi Bourke, New South Wales, ndipo D. Maclay adalongosola njoka yomweyo monga Diemenia ferox (poganiza kuti ndi mtundu wina). Mu 1896, George Albert Buhlenger adasanja njoka zonse ziwiri kuti ndizofanana, Pseudechis.
Zosangalatsa: Oxyuranus microlepidotus lakhala dzina lodziwika bwino la njokayo kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Dzina loti Oxyuranus lochokera ku Greek OXYS "lakuthwa, ngati singano" ndi Ouranos "chipilala" (makamaka, chipinda chakumwamba) ndipo limatanthawuza chida chonga singano pakhola la m'kamwa, dzina lenileni la microlepidotus limatanthauza "ang'ono" (lat).
Popeza zidapezeka kuti njoka (kale: Parademansia microlepidota) ndi gawo limodzi la mtundu wa Oxyuranus (taipan) ndi mtundu wina, Oxyuranus scutellatus, yomwe kale inkangotchedwa taipan (yochokera ku njoka ya chibadwidwe ya Dhayban), idadziwika kuti ndi m'mbali mwa nyanja Taipan, ndi Oxyuranus microlepidotus yomwe yatchulidwa posachedwa, yatchuka kwambiri ngati Makkoy taipan (kapena Western taipan). Pambuyo pamafotokozedwe oyamba a njokayo, zambiri za iyo sizidalandiridwe mpaka 1972, pomwe mtundu uwu udapezedwanso.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Snake Taipan McCoy
Njoka ya Taipan McCoy ndi yakuda, yomwe imaphatikizapo mithunzi yambiri kuchokera mdima wandiweyani mpaka kubiriwira kobiriwira (kutengera nyengo). Kumbuyo, mbali, ndi mchira muli mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yaimvi ndi bulauni, ndipo mamba ambiri amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwakuda kwambiri. Mambawo, olembedwa mumdima wakuda, amakonzedwa m'mizere yopingasa, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zilembo za kutalika kosunthika kumbuyo ndi pansi. Masikelo otsika ofananira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwachikaso chakunja; mamba osunthira amakhala osalala.
Mutu ndi khosi lokhala ndi mphuno zozungulira zili ndi mdima wandiweyani kuposa thupi (m'nyengo yozizira - yakuda kwambiri, nthawi yotentha - yakuda kwambiri). Mtundu wakuda umalola Taipan McCoy kudziwotha bwino, ndikuwonetsa kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka thupi pakhomo lolowera. Maso apakatikati amakhala ndi iris yakuda bulauni ndipo alibe mkombero wowoneka bwino pafupi ndi mwana.
Chosangalatsa: Taipan McCoy amatha kusintha utoto wake kutentha kwakunja, kotero kumakhala kopepuka mchilimwe komanso mdima m'nyengo yozizira.
Taipan McCoy ali ndi mizere 23 yamiyeso yam'mbali pakati, 55 mpaka 70 masikelo ogawanika a podcaudal. Kutalika kwa njokayo kuli pafupifupi mita 1.8, ngakhale zitsanzo zazikulu zimatha kutalika kwa mita 2.5. Mayina ake ndi 3.5 mpaka 6.2 mm kutalika (kofupikitsa kuposa taipan ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja).
Tsopano mukudziwa za njoka yapoizoni kwambiri ya Taipan McCoy. Tiyeni tiwone komwe amakhala komanso zomwe amadya.
Kodi njoka ya Taipan McCoy amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Njoka ya poizoni Taipan McCoy
Taipan iyi imakhala m'chigwa chakuda chakum'mwera kwenikweni komwe kumakumana malire a Queensland ndi South Australia. Amakhala makamaka mdera laling'ono m'zipululu zotentha, koma pali malipoti akuti nthawi zingapo akuwonera kumwera kwa New South Wales. Malo awo okhala amakhala kutali kwambiri kumidzi. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lawo logawira silikulu kwambiri. Misonkhano pakati pa anthu ndi Taipan McCoy ndiyosowa, chifukwa njokayo ndiyachinsinsi kwambiri ndipo imakonda kukhazikika m'malo akutali ndi malo okhala anthu. Kumeneko amakhala womasuka, makamaka m'mitsinje youma ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi zitsamba zosowa.
Taipan McCoy amapezeka ku mainland Australia. Kutalika kwake sikumamveka bwino, chifukwa njoka izi ndizovuta kuzitsata chifukwa chazinsinsi zawo, komanso chifukwa zimabisala mwaluso m'ming'alu ndi nthaka.
Ku Queensland, njoka yawonedwa:
- Nkhalango ya Dayamantina;
- ku malo otetezera ng'ombe ku Durrie ndi Plains Morney;
- Malo osungira zachilengedwe a Astrebla Downs.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a njoka izi adalembedwa ku South Australia:
- Dziwe la Goyder;
- Chipululu cha Tirari;
- chipululu chamiyala chafafanizidwa;
- pafupi ndi Lake Kungi;
- ku Regional Reserve Innamincka;
- kudera lakutali la Odnadatta.
Anthu akutali akupezekanso pafupi ndi tawuni yaying'ono yapansi panthaka ya Coober Pedy. Pali zolemba zakale zakale zakumwera chakum'mawa komwe njoka ya Taipan McCoy idapezeka: mgwirizano wa Mtsinje wa Murray ndi Darling kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Victoria (1879) ndi mzinda wa Burke, New South Wales (1882) ... Komabe, zamoyozi sizinawonekere m'malo aliwonse kuyambira pano.
Kodi njoka ya Taipan McCoy imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Njoka yowopsa Taipan McCoy
Kumtchire, taipan makkoya amadya nyama zokhazokha, makamaka makoswe, monga makoswe amtundu wautali (R. villosissimus), mbewa zosakhazikika (P. australis), marsupial jerboas (A. laniger), mbewa zoweta (Mus musculus) ndi ma dasyurids ena, ndi komanso mbalame ndi abuluzi. Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kudya nkhuku zakale.
Chosangalatsa: Ziphuphu za Taipan McCoy ndizofika 10mm kutalika, zomwe amatha kuluma ngakhale nsapato zolimba zachikopa.
Mosiyana ndi njoka zina zapoizoni, zomwe zimaluma kamodzi kokha kenako ndikuthawa, kudikirira kuti wamfayo, njoka yoopsayo imamugunda mwamphamvu mobwerezabwereza. Amadziwika kuti amaluma mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri mwaukali kamodzi, nthawi zambiri amatyola nsagwada zake mwamphamvu kuti aphulitse ma puncturts angapo nthawi yomweyo. Njira yowopsa kwambiri ya Taipan McCoy imakhudza kugwira wodwalayo ndi thupi lake ndikuluma mobwerezabwereza. Amalowetsa poizoni wakupha mkati mwake. Poizoniyo amachita mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti nyamayo ilibe nthawi yoti ibwezere.
Taipans McCoy nthawi zambiri samakumana ndi anthu kuthengo chifukwa chakutali kwawo komanso mawonekedwe akanthawi kochepa masana. Ngati samapanga phokoso lambiri komanso phokoso, samakumana ndi zovuta pamaso pa munthu. Komabe, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa ndi kutalikirana bwino chifukwa izi zitha kubweretsa kuluma koopsa. Taipan McCoy adzitchinjiriza ndikumenyedwa ngati atakwiya, kuzunzidwa, kapena kuletsa kuthawa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy ku Australia
Taipan wamkati amadziwika kuti ndi njoka yapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi, pomwe poizoni wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa mphiri. Mutalumidwa ndi njoka, imatha kufa mkati mwa mphindi 45 ngati mankhwalawa sanaperekedwe. Imagwira usana ndi usiku kutengera nyengo. Pakatikati mwa chilimwe Taipan McCoy amapita kukasaka usiku yekha ndikubwerera masana kumalo obowolera nyama.
Zosangalatsa: M'Chingerezi, njoka amatchedwa "njoka yolusa yamtchire." Taipan McCoy adalandira dzinali kuchokera kwa alimi chifukwa nthawi zina amatsata ng'ombe ziweto pamene akusaka. Ndi mbiri yake yopezeka komanso kawopsedwe koopsa, idakhala njoka yotchuka kwambiri ku Australia m'ma 1980.
Komabe, Taipan McCoy ndi nyama yamanyazi kwambiri yomwe, ikawopsa, imathamanga ndikubisala m'mabowo mobisa. Komabe, ngati sizingatheke kuthawa, amadzitchinjiriza ndipo amadikirira nthawi yoyenera kuti amulume. Ngati mungakumane ndi mitundu iyi, simungamve otetezeka njokayo ikangokhala chete.
Monga njoka zambiri, ngakhale Tylan McCoy amakhalabe wamakani bola akukhulupirira kuti ndiwowopsa. Akangodziwa kuti simukufuna kumupweteka, amataya mtima wake wonse, ndipo kumakhala kotetezeka kukhala pafupi naye. Pakadali pano, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe alumidwa ndi mtundu uwu, ndipo onse apulumuka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito thandizo loyambirira komanso chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Snake Taipan McCoy
Khalidwe lankhondo lamwamuna lidalembedwa kumapeto kwa dzinja pakati pa anthu awiri akulu koma osagonana. Pakati pa theka la ola lomenyera, njokazo zidalumikizana, zidakweza mitu yawo komanso kutsogolo kwa thupi ndikuti "zidaphulitsana" wina ndi mnzake atatseka pakamwa. Taipan McCoy amakhulupirira kuti akukwatirana kuthengo kumapeto kwa dzinja.
Akazi amaikira mazira mkatikati mwa masika (theka lachiwiri la Novembala). Kukula kwa Clutch kumakhala pakati pa 11 mpaka 20, ndipo pafupifupi 16. Mazirawo ndi 6 x 3.5 cm. Amatenga masabata 9-11 kuti aswe pa 27-30 ° C. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 47. Ali mu ukapolo, akazi amatha kutulutsa timagulu tiwiri nthawi imodzi yoswana.
Chosangalatsa: Malinga ndi International Species Information System, McCoy Taipan ili m'magulu atatu osungira zinyama: Adelaide, Sydney ndi Moscow Zoo ku Russia. Ku Zoo ku Moscow, amasungidwa mu "Nyumba ya zokwawa", zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikhala zotseguka kwa anthu onse.
Mazira nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'makola osiyidwa a nyama ndi ming'alu yakuya. Kuchuluka kwakubala kumadalira gawo la chakudya chawo: ngati chakudya sichokwanira, njokayo imaberekanso zochepa. Njoka zogwidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 10 mpaka 15. Mmodzi wa Taipan wakhala zaka zambiri kumalo osungira nyama ku Australia.
Mitunduyi imadutsa mozungulira, pomwe anthu amakula mpaka kuchuluka kwakukula m'nyengo zabwino ndipo amatha pafupifupi chilala. Chakudya chachikulu chikakhala chochuluka, njoka zimakula msanga ndikunenepa, komabe, chakudya chikangosowa, njoka zimayenera kudalira nyama zomwe sizachilendo komanso / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe amasungira mpaka nthawi yabwino.
Adani achilengedwe a Taipan McCoy
Chithunzi: Njoka ya poizoni Taipan McCoy
Atakhala pachiwopsezo, Taipan McCoy atha kuwonetsa kuwopseza pokweza kutsogolo kwa nkhope yake mwamphamvu, motsika S-pamapindikira. Pakadali pano, amatsogolera mutu wake kuwopseza. Wowukira akasankha kunyalanyaza chenjezo, njoka imenya koyamba ngati zingatheke. Koma izi sizichitika nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, tampai wa McCoy amangokwawa mwachangu kwambiri ndikuukira pokhapokha ngati palibe njira. Ndi njoka yofulumira kwambiri komanso yothamanga yomwe imatha kuwukira nthawi yomweyo molondola kwambiri.
Mndandanda wa adani a Taipan McCoy ndi waufupi kwambiri. Ululu wa zokwawa zili ndi poizoni kuposa njoka ina iliyonse. Njoka ya mulga (Pseudechis australis) siyikhala ndi poizoni wa njoka zambiri ku Australia ndipo imadziwikanso kuti imadyanso taipans achichepere a McCoy. Kuphatikiza apo, chimphonachi chimayang'anira buluzi (Varanus giganteus), yemwe amakhala mofanana ndipo amakonda kudya njoka zazikulu zaululu. Mosiyana ndi njoka zambiri, taipan yamkati ndi nyama yosaka nyama, chifukwa chakupha kwake imasinthidwa mwapadera kuti iphe mitundu yamagazi ofunda.
Zosangalatsa: Akuyerekeza kuti kulumidwa ndi njoka imodzi kumatha kupha amuna osachepera 100, ndipo kutengera kuluma kwake, imfayo imatha kuchitika m'mphindi 30-45 ngati siyichiritsidwa.
Taipan McCoy adzitchinjiriza ndikumenyedwa ngati atakwiya. Koma popeza njokayo imakhala kumadera akutali, imakumana kawirikawiri ndi anthu, chifukwa chake sichimadziwika kuti ndi yoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, makamaka pankhani yakufa kwa anthu pachaka. Dzinalo lachingerezi "mkali" limatanthawuza za ululu wake m'malo mwa kupsya mtima.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Snake Taipan McCoy
Monga njoka iliyonse yaku Australia, McCoy Taipan imatetezedwa ndi malamulo ku Australia. Njira yosungira njoka idayesedwa koyamba pa IUCN Red List mu Julayi 2017, ndipo mu 2018 idasankhidwa kuti ndi Yowopsa Kwambiri Kutha. Mitunduyi idaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ndizochulukirapo ndipo anthu ake satsika. Ngakhale zovuta zomwe zingawopseze zimafunikira kafukufuku wina.
Chitetezo cha Taipan McCoy chidatsimikizidwanso ndi omwe aku Australia:
- South Australia: (Kudera Lopezeka Anthu Okhala Ndi Chigawo Chochepa) Oopsa;
- Queensland: Kawirikawiri (isanafike 2010), Yowopsezedwa (Meyi 2010 - Disembala 2014), Oopsa Kwambiri (Disembala 2014 - alipo);
- New South Wales: Zikuoneka kuti zatha. Kutengera momwe akufunira, sizinalembedwe m'malo ake ngakhale panali nthawi zina zoyenerera moyo wawo ndi mtundu wawo;
- Victoria: Kutha m'chigawochi. Kutengera zofunikira "Zomwe zatha, koma mdera linalake (pamenepa Victoria) zomwe sizikhudza malo onse amisonkho.
Njoka ya Taipan McCoy amaonedwa kuti atha m'malo ena chifukwa ndimafukufuku okwanira obisika m'malo omwe amadziwika komanso / kapena akuyembekezeredwa, panthawi yoyenera (tsiku lililonse, nyengo, pachaka) mdera lonselo, sizinatheke kulemba anthu pawokha. Kafukufukuyu adachitika kwakanthawi kofananira ndi moyo ndi mawonekedwe a taxon.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: June 24, 2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 21:27
