English Bulldog (English Bulldog kapena British Bulldog) ndi mtundu wa agalu ofupikitsa, apakatikati. Ndi agalu ochezeka, odekha, oweta. Koma ali ndi thanzi lofooka ndikusunga Bulldog ya Chingerezi ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kusunga mitundu ina.
Zolemba
- English Bulldogs akhoza kukhala ouma khosi komanso aulesi. Akuluakulu samakonda kuyenda, koma muyenera kuyenda nawo tsiku lililonse kuti mukhale athanzi.
- Samalola kutentha ndi chinyezi. Onetsetsani zizindikiro zakutentha kwambiri poyenda ndikuchitapo kanthu ngakhale pang'ono. Eni ake ena amaika dziwe lozizira mumthunzi kuti agalu awo azizizira. Uwu ndi mtundu wosungidwa mnyumba mokha, osati mumsewu.
- Chovala chachifupikacho sichimawateteza kuzizira.
- Amanunkhiza, kupindika, kugundika.
- Ambiri amavutika ndi ziphuphu. Ngati mukusokonekera, ili lidzakhala vuto.
- Mphuno yayifupi ndi mayendedwe apandege ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda opuma.
- Ndi osusuka omwe amadya kuposa momwe angathere, akapatsidwa mwayi. Amakhala onenepa mosavuta ndipo onenepa kwambiri.
- Chifukwa cha kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chigaza, kubadwa kwa ana agalu kumakhala kovuta. Ambiri amabadwa ndi njira yoberekera.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Ma bulldogs oyamba adawonekera panthawi yomwe mabuku azinyama sanasungidwe, ndipo ngati anali, ndiye kuti anthu anali kutali ndi zolemba.
Zotsatira zake, palibe chotsimikizika pa mbiri ya mtunduwo. Zomwe tikudziwa ndikuti adawonekera cha m'ma 1400 ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira nyama.
Yoyamba inali Bulldog Yakale Yachingerezi, kholo la mitundu yonse yamakono. Pamodzi ndi mitundu ina khumi ndi iwiri, Bulldog ya Chingerezi ndi ya gulu la ma mastiffs. Ngakhale mtundu uliwonse wa gululi ndi wapadera, onse ndi agalu akulu, olimba omwe ali ndi chigaza cha brachycephalic.
Mawu oyamba akuti "bulldog" amapezeka m'mabuku azaka za 1500, ndipo katchulidwe kake nthawi imeneyo kamamveka ngati "Bondogge" ndi "Bolddogge". Malembo amakono amapezeka koyamba m'kalata yolembedwa ndi Prestwich Eaton pakati pa 1631 ndi 1632: "Ndigulire ma bulldog agalu abwino ndikunditumiza ndi sitima yoyamba."
Mawu achingerezi oti "ng'ombe" amatanthauza ng'ombe ndipo imawoneka mdzina lachiweto chifukwa agaluwa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mu "masewera amwazi", kuluma ng'ombe kapena kuweta ng'ombe. Ng'ombeyo idamangidwa ndipo galu adayambitsidwa kwa iye, yemwe ntchito yake inali kuyigwira ng'ombeyo mphuno ndikuyiyika pansi.
Ng'ombeyo, idakakamiza mutu wake ndikubisa mphuno yake, osalola kuti galuyo agwiritsitse ndikudikirira kuti iwukire. Ngati atachita bwino, galuyo adawuluka mita zochepa, ndipo mawonekedwe osowa adadutsa agalu olumala ndikupha.
Zosangalatsazi zinali zotchuka pakati pa anthu, ndipo pazaka zopititsa patsogolo, agalu omwe amachita masewera oluma ng'ombe amakhala ndi zinthu zodziwika. Thupi lokhazikika, mitu yayikulu, nsagwada zamphamvu komanso wankhanza, wamakani.
Nkhondozi zidafika pachimake potchuka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 18, koma mu 1835 zidaletsedwa ndi Cruelty to Animals Act. Lamuloli limaletsa kuyendetsa ng'ombe, zimbalangondo, nguruwe zakutchire, kulimbana ndi tambala. Komabe, omwe anasamukira kudziko lina adayamba kusangalala ndi zisangalalozi ku New World.
Ngakhale kusasitsa pang'onopang'ono (zaka 2-2.5), moyo wawo unali waufupi. M'chaka chachisanu kapena chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha moyo, anali atakalamba kale ngati akanakhala ndi moyo mpaka m'badwo uno. Ndipo Old English Bulldog imawoloka ndi mitundu ina. Galu wotsatira amakhala wocheperako ndipo amakhala ndi mphuno yayifupi chifukwa cha chigaza cha brachiocephalic.
Ngakhale ma Bulldog achingerezi amakono amawoneka ovuta, ali kutali ndi makolo awo omenya ng'ombe. Pakamwa pakamwa pake sipankawalola kunyamula nyamayo, ndipo kulemera pang'ono sikuwalola kuti aziwongolera.
Kalabu yaku England yokonda ma bulldogs "The Bulldog Club" yakhalapo kuyambira 1878. Mamembala a kalabu iyi adasonkhana m'malo omwera mowa mumsewu wa Oxford ku London. Adalembanso mtundu woyamba wa mtundu. Mu 1894, adachita mpikisano pakati pa ma bulldogs awiri osiyana. Amayenera kuthamanga makilomita 20 kapena 32 km.
Galu woyamba, wotchedwa King Orry, amafanana ndi Old English Bulldogs, anali othamanga komanso wopepuka. Chachiwiri, Dockleaf, chinali chaching'ono, cholemera kwambiri komanso chofanana ndi Bulldog wachingelezi wamakono. Ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti ndi ndani amene wapambana komanso amene samatha kufika kumapeto.
Kufotokozera
Pali mwina palibe mitundu yodziwika ngati iyi. Bulldog ya Chingerezi ndi yayifupi, koma modabwitsa yolemera. Pakufota kumafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40, amuna omwe amalemera makilogalamu 16 mpaka 27, mabakiteriya kuyambira 15 mpaka 25 kg.
Uku ndiye kulemera kwanyama kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe abwino, anthu onenepa kwambiri amatha kulemera kwambiri. Ku UK, malinga ndi mtundu wa mtundu, amuna ayenera kulemera 23 kg, akazi 18 kg. Ku USA, muyezo umaloleza amuna kulemera kwa makilogalamu 20-25, kuti akule okhwima pafupifupi makilogalamu 20.
Awa ndi agalu olusa kwambiri, amatchedwanso akasinja mdziko la agalu. Ali ndi minofu yolimba, ngakhale nthawi zambiri samawoneka choncho. Mapazi ndi achidule, nthawi zambiri amapindika. Ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo khosi silikudziwika. Mchira mwachilengedwe ndi wamfupi kwambiri, kuyambira 2.5 mpaka 7 cm ndipo umatha kukhala wowongoka, wopindika.
Mutuwu uli pakhosi lakuda kwambiri komanso lalifupi. Mutu wokhawo ndi waukulu, poyerekeza ndi thupi, m'lifupi komanso kutalika. Chigaza chawo chosalala ndi chaphompho ndichikhalidwe cha mtunduwo. Chigoba ichi ndi chamtundu wa brachiocephalic, ndiye kuti, ali ndi mphuno yayifupi.
Mu zina, ndi lalifupi kwambiri mwakuti silimatuluka pachikuto cha chigaza. Mano apansi nthawi zambiri amakhala opyola kuposa mano akumtunda ndipo mtunduwo umakhala wotsika. Ngakhale oweta ambiri amaganiza agalu okhala ndi mano otsika amawoneka nsagwada zitatsekedwa, izi ndizofala.
Milomo ndi yopepuka, yopanga mawonekedwe amtundu, mphuno yokha imakutidwa ndi makwinya akuya. Makwinya amenewa ndi ochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zina amabisa zina za mtunduwo. Maso ndi ochepa, otsekedwa.
Makutu ndi ochepa komanso afupikitsa, kutali ndi maso. Mu zina amapachikidwa, mwa ena amaimirira, mwa agalu ena amatsogozedwa kutsogolo, ena mbali, ndipo atha kukhala kumbuyo. Zomwe zimawoneka pakamwa pake zili pakati pangozi ndi nthabwala.
Chovalacho chimakwirira thupi lonse, lalifupi komanso lolunjika, pafupi ndi thupi. Zimamveka zofewa komanso zosalala, zonyezimira. Pali mitundu yambiri ndipo iliyonse ili ndi mafani ake. Malinga ndi miyezo ya AKC ndi UKC, English Bulldog yoyenera iyenera kukhala ndi mtundu wa fawn-brindle.
Koma, kupatula iye, pali: variegated (ofiira - oyera, ndi zina zambiri), monochromatic (yoyera, yoyera, yofiira) kapena mavuto - suti ya monochromatic yokhala ndi chigoba chakuda kapena mphuno yakuda. Nthawi zina pamakhala agalu akuda kapena amtundu wamtundu, amakanidwa ndimakalabu ambiri (makamaka akuda).
Koma, mwamakhalidwe, sizimasiyana ndi ma bulldogs wamba ndipo ndizabwino ngati ziweto.
Khalidwe
Ndizovuta kupeza mtundu wina womwe wasintha kwambiri pamunthu pazaka 150 zapitazi. Bulldogs achingerezi achoka pokhala othamanga komanso galu wowopsa, wankhondo wankhanza, kupita kwa mnzake waulesi komanso wamakhalidwe abwino. Choyambirira, ali pabanja komanso amakonda anthu, amafuna kukhala naye nthawi zonse.
Ena a iwo amakonda kukwera m'manja mwawo ngati amphaka. Ndizoseketsa komanso zolemetsa pang'ono, chifukwa sizilemera kwambiri. Ena amangofunikira kukhala mchipinda ndi banja, koma kugona pabedi.
Ambiri amalekerera alendo ndipo, ndi mayanjano abwino, ndi aulemu komanso ochezeka. Zambiri zimadaliranso pamakhalidwe, ena amakonda aliyense ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapeza anzawo, ena amakhala otsekedwa komanso otayika. Nthawi zambiri samachita nkhanza kwa anthu, koma amatha kukhala mderalo ndikukhala ndiukali pakudya. Obereketsa amalimbikitsanso kudyetsa agalu kunja kwa ana kapena nyama zina kuti apewe mavuto.
Makhalidwe olondera amasiyana kwambiri ndi galu ndi galu. Ena ndi aulesi komanso osachita chidwi mwakuti sangatchuleko pang'ono za kuwonekera kwa alendo pakhomo. Ena amayang'anira nyumba ndikupanga phokoso lokwanira kusamaliridwa. Onsewa ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - amakoka, koma samaluma, ndipo ndi ochepa chabe a Bulldogs achingerezi omwe amatha kukhala alonda abwino.
Ma bulldogs amakhala bwino ndi ana, amakhala ofewa nawo ndipo amalekerera zopusa. Koma, ndikofunikabe kuphunzitsa mwana momwe angakhalire ndi galu. Kupatula chakudya chomwe tatchulachi ndi nkhanza za kumadera, ambiri amakhala bwino ndi ana, ngakhale samasewera kwambiri. Ngakhale samasewera kwambiri.
Agalu amakono amakhala bwino ndi nyama zina bwino. Mtunduwo umakhala wankhanza kwa agalu ena ndipo amaphunzitsidwa bwino, amakhala mwamtendere nawo. Amakondanso kukhala ndi agalu. Mavuto ena amatha kukhala chifukwa chak kuchepa kwa malo komanso kwakukulu chifukwa chankhanza cha chakudya.
Kuchitira zachiwerewere kumatha kukhala amuna ochepa poyerekeza ndi agalu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo kumatha mpaka kumenya nkhondo. Izi zimakonzedwa ndikuphunzitsidwa kapena kuponyedwa.
Amagwirizana ndi nyama zina, ali ndi chibadwa chosaka nyama ndipo alibe vuto lililonse. Nthawi zambiri mumayambitsa mavuto ku nyama zina, makamaka amphaka. Ngati bulldog amadziwa bwino mphaka, ndiye kuti amangonyalanyaza.
Pazomwe amadziwika ndizovuta zamaphunziro ndi maphunziro. Mwinanso wopikisana kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya agalu. Ngati bulldog adaganiza kuti sakufuna kanthu, ndiye kuti zitha kutha. Kuuma mtima kumeneku kumasokoneza kuphunzira malamulo atsopano ndikuwapatsa omwe adaphunzira kale.
Amamvetsetsa malamulo omvera popanda mavuto, koma nthawi zambiri samvera kwathunthu. Ophunzitsa odziwa okha, omwe amagwira ntchito ndi agalu osiyanasiyana, ndiomwe amatha kukonzekera omwe amapikisana nawo pomvera (kumvera).
Koma amakhalanso ndi zoyipa. Kuphunzitsa kolakwika ndi kuwongolera sikugwira ntchito kwa iwo, ma bulldogs amanyalanyaza kwathunthu. Kulimbitsa mtima kumathandiza kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amapeza zabwino zomwe sizokwanira kukwaniritsa lamuloli.
Ngakhale sakhala mtundu waukulu, amadziwika molondola kuti ndi malamulo ati a munthu amene sanganyalanyazidwe. Ndipo ali ouma khosi, ndiye amakhala okhumudwitsa kwathunthu. Pazifukwa izi, mwini wake nthawi zonse azikhala pamalo opambana.
Chowonjezera china ndi mphamvu zochepa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyalala kwambiri mdziko la agalu. Ambiri mwa iwo amakonda kugona pakama, m'malo mongoyendetsa nkhalango. Ndipo amatha kugona tsiku lonse, ngakhale ngakhale amphaka pankhaniyi.
Agalu akuluakulu samakonda kusewera, ndipo simungawapangitse kuti azithamangira ndodo. Ngati pamitundu yambiri ndizovuta kuwonetsetsa zolimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti English Bulldog ndikungomupangitsa kuti achitepo kanthu. Pang'ono pang'ono kuthamanga pambuyo pa mwini wake, ndiye kuchuluka kwake.
Ndipo mwiniwake yemwe amakonda kuthamanga ndi tsoka lalikulu kwa iwo. Komabe, safunikira izi, chifukwa zimabweretsa mavuto am'mapapo ndi matenda am'matumbo.
Ngakhale pali zabwino zina, ndizabwino kukhala mnyumba. Mabanja omwe ali ndi zochitika zochepa adzakhala osangalala nawo, ndipo iwo omwe akufuna kuyenda ndiulendo ayenera kusankha bwino mtundu wina.
Sadzakonda omwe ali oyera kapena osakhazikika. Amatsikira pansi ndipo amapezeka pafupipafupi pansi ndi mipando, ngakhale osatinso a Mastiffs achingerezi. Amapopera madzi akamadya ndi kumwa, koma mawu amatha kukhala okwiyitsa kwambiri.
Monga mitundu ina yokhala ndi mphutsi zazifupi, ma Bulldogs amadwala matenda opuma ndipo amatha kumveka modabwitsa: kulira, kung'ung'udza, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, amakalipira mokweza ndikupereka kuti amakonda kugona, ma trill aatali komanso akulu akuyembekezerani.
Koma chomwe chingawopsyeze kwambiri anthu opusitsa ndi kunyengerera. English Bulldogs mpweya nthawi zambiri, wochuluka komanso wonunkha. Izi zitha kukhudzidwa ndi zakudya, koma sizigonjetsedwa kwathunthu ndipo eni ake ochepa amatha kunena kuti agalu awo amasunga mpweya.
Chisamaliro
Zosavuta, safuna thandizo la wokonzekeretsa akatswiri. Koma, ena mwa iwo amadwala matenda akhungu kenako amafunika kuwasamalira mosamala. Ngakhale malaya sakhala ovuta kwenikweni chifukwa ndi achidule komanso osalala, amatha kupezeka ndi khungu pankhope.
Chifukwa cha makwinya ambiri, madzi, chakudya, dothi, mafuta ndi tinthu tina timalowa. Pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi matenda, ayenera kupukutidwa kamodzi pa tsiku, komanso moyenera mukatha kudya.
Zaumoyo
English Bulldogs ali ndi thanzi labwino. Amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Imeneyi ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri kotero kuti mabungwe azaumoyo akufuna kuti mitundu isinthike, kapena kuletsa kuswana konse.
Iwo amangosintha kwambiri kuchokera ku mawonekedwe achilengedwe, achilengedwe omwe nkhandwe inali nawo. Chifukwa cha chigaza cha brachiocephalic, ali ndi vuto la kupuma, ndipo mavuto am'matumbo ndi cholowa cha mafupa.
Amakhala ndi matenda amtundu, makamaka omwe amakhudza khungu komanso kupuma. Kusunga kumatha kukhala okwera mtengo kangapo kuposa kusunganso mtundu wina, chifukwa chithandizo chanyama Chowona Zanyama chimawononga ndalama.
Mavuto onsewa amabweretsa moyo wawufupi. Pomwe makalabu ambiri komanso masamba ambiri amati Chingerezi chitha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 8-12, kafukufuku akuti zaka 6.5, mwapadera 10-11.
Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku waku 2004 waku UK ku agalu 180 adapeza zaka pafupifupi 6.3. Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa ndi izi: mtima (20%), khansa (18%), zaka (9%).
Chofupikitsa chimbudzi ndi mutu waukulu zidabweretsa mavuto akulu. Ma bulldogs amalephera kudzaza mapapu awo ndi mpweya ndipo nthawi zambiri samapuma. Chifukwa cha izi, amafewetsa, kufwenthera, kufwenthera ndikupanga mawu achilendo. Satha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mapapu awo sangatumize mpweya wokwanira ku minofu.
Kupuma kumathandiza agalu kukhala ozizira, ndipo ili ndi vuto la mtunduwo. Amasamala kwambiri kutentha, nyengo yotentha komanso m'miyezi yotentha, Bulldog iyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kwambiri. Ayenera kukhala ndi madzi ndi mthunzi wambiri, simungathe kuyika galu dzuwa.
Nthawi zambiri ma bulldogs amafa ndi kutentha kwa thupi! Amakhala ndi zotsekemera pakhosi pawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma kale. Galu amakomoka ndipo akhoza kufa. Ndikofunika kuti apite naye kuchipatala.
Mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino zimafunikira kuti galu akhale woyenera. Ma bulldogs makamaka amatuluka thukuta kudzera pamapepala awo, chifukwa chake amakonda malo ozizira. Monga mitundu yonse ya brachycephalic, amatenthetsa mosavuta ndipo amatha kufa ndi hyperthermia. Mwiniwake akuyenera kukumbukira izi ndikusunga galu pamalo otetezeka.
Mutu ndi waukulu kwambiri kotero kuti sangabadwe. Pafupifupi 80% ya zinyalala zimaperekedwa ndi kaisara. Makwinya pankhope ayenera kutsukidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti apewe matenda. Ndipo mchira ukhoza kulowerera mthupi kotero kuti anus amafunika kutsukidwa ndi mafuta.
Thupi lawo ndilotalikirana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe ndipo amadwala matenda am'magazi. Ndikudya kosayenera komanso kuchita khama, mafupa amapangika ndi kusintha, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa ululu komanso kupunduka msinkhu. Pafupifupi aliyense amadwala matenda amtundu umodzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Chochititsa mantha kwambiri ndi chiuno cha dysplasia, chomwe chimapundula bursa. Izi zimabweretsa zowawa komanso zovuta, ndikusintha kwakukulu kukhala wopunduka.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, mu 467 Bulldogs zomwe zidachitika pakati pa 1979 ndi 2009, 73.9% adadwala ntchafu ya dysplasia. Izi ndiye zochuluka kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya agalu, koma akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti manambala akhoza kukhala ochulukirapo.
Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa zonsezi, ziphuphu pakati pa zala zimawoneka ngati zopanda vuto. Popeza amapezeka mukamayang'aniridwa ndipo amachotsedwa mosavuta ndi maopareshoni.
