Kangaude wamadzi - ngakhale ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopanda vuto lililonse, ndi yapoizoni. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti imakhala pansi pamadzi, yomwe imapanga dome ndi mpweya. Chifukwa cha ichi, idalandira dzina lake lachiwiri, siliva - madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi atsitsi lake, obwezeretsa mumlengalenga, ndikuwala padzuwa ndikupanga kuwala.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi
Arachnids adayamba kalekale - mitundu yakale kwambiri yazakale zakale imadziwika m'zigawo za Devonia, ndipo zaka 400 miliyoni BC. Iwo anali oyamba kutera pamtunda, nthawi yomweyo mbali yawo yayikulu yosiyanitsidwa idapangidwa - zida za kangaude, ndipo malinga ndi zomwe asayansi ena amaganiza, zitha kuchitika m'madzi.
Kukula kwa kangaude, malo ake pamakwerero osinthika kumadalira makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti - mitundu yakale kwambiri imagwiritsa ntchito cocoons, monganso makolo awo akutali kwambiri. Pamene akangaude adayamba, adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti m'njira zina: kukonza zisa, maukonde, mawayilesi kuchokera pamenepo.
Kanema: Kangaude Wamadzi
Malingana ndi akatswiri a paleoanthologists, ndiko kupangidwa kwa ukonde wa kangaude ndi akangaude a nthawi ya Jurassic, komanso mawonekedwe amaluwa, omwe adapangitsa kuti tizilombo tipeze mapiko ndikukwera mlengalenga - adayesetsa kuthawa maukonde ochuluka omwe kangaude amafalitsa.
Akangaude anali olimba mtima komanso pazowonongeka zazikulu zisanu, pomwe mitundu yambiri ya nyama idasowa pankhope ya Dziko Lapansi, samangokhala ndi moyo, komanso kusintha pang'ono. Komabe, mitundu ya akangaude amakono, kuphatikiza nsomba zasiliva, adayamba posachedwa: ambiri a iwo ali azaka zapakati pa 5 mpaka 35 miliyoni, ena ngakhale ochepera.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, akangaude adayamba, motero ziwalo zawo zoyambirira zidayamba kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi, m'mimba mudalekanso gawo, kulumikizana kwa mayendedwe ndi liwiro la mayendedwe kudakulirakulira. Koma kusinthika kwa mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya akangaude sikunaphunzirebe mwatsatanetsatane, izi zikupitilira.
Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ndi kangaude wamadzi - sizidziwikiratu kuti adachokera kuti, komanso kwa ndani. Zatsimikizika kuti adakhala chitsanzo cha kubwerera kunyanja ya arachnids. Mtundu uwu udafotokozedwa ndi Karl Alexander Clerk mu 1757, adatchedwa Argyroneta aquatica ndipo anali yekhayo m'gululi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Akangaude ndi zolengedwa zosakhazikika - kotero, kuphulika kwa phiri la Krakatoa, pomwe, zikuwoneka kuti, chiphalaphala chinawononga zamoyo zonse, zikafika pachilumbachi, anthu anali oyamba kukumana ndi kangaude yemwe adapotoza ukonde pakati pa chipululu chopanda moyo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi, aka siliva
Kapangidwe kake kamasiyana pang'ono ndi akangaude wamba omwe amakhala pamtunda: ili ndi nsagwada zinayi, maso eyiti ndi miyendo. Zingwe zazitali kwambiri zili m'mphepete mwake: zam'mbuyo zimasinthidwa kuti zigwire chakudya, kumbuyo kusambira - ndipo akazi asiliva amatha kuchita izi.
Pakakhala mamilimita 12-16 okha, zazikazi zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, ndipo amuna kumtunda. Kwa akangaude, izi ndizochepa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi akazi ambiri. Zotsatira zake, akazi samadya amuna monga mitundu ina yambiri ya akangaude. Amasiyana pamapangidwe am'mimba: chachikazi chimazunguliridwa, ndipo chachimuna chimakulitsidwa kwambiri.
Kupuma, imapanga kuwira kodzaza ndi mpweya mozungulira. Mpweya ukafika kumapeto, umayandama ndi watsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti apume, ali ndi chida china chimodzi - tsitsi pamimba lomwe lafewetsedwa ndi chinthu chopanda madzi.
Ndi chithandizo chawo, mpweya wambiri umasungidwanso, ndipo kangaude akatuluka kuseri kwa kuwira kwatsopano, nthawi yomweyo imadzaza mpweya womwe umasungidwa ndi tsitsilo. Chifukwa cha ichi, chimamveka bwino m'madzi, ngakhale kuli koyenera kuyandama pamwamba kangapo patsiku.
Mtundu wa kangaude wamadzi ukhoza kukhala wachikasu-imvi kapena wachikasu-bulauni. Mulimonsemo, kangaude wachinyamatayo amakhala ndi mthunzi wowala, ndipo akamakula, chimakhala chamdima kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa moyo wake amakhala ngati wakuda kwathunthu - chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa zaka zake.
Kodi kangaude wamadzi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi ku Russia
Amakonda nyengo yotentha, ndipo amakhala mdera la Europe ndi Asia lomwe limakhalamo - kuchokera kunyanja ya Atlantic mpaka Pacific. Imakonda kukhala m'madzi osayenda, ndiyololedwa kuti iziyenda, koma pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malo ake okhala ndi mitsinje, nyanja ndi mayiwe. Amakonda makamaka malo osiyidwa, opanda phokoso, makamaka ndi madzi oyera.
Ndikofunikanso kuti dziwe ladzala ndi zitsamba - zochulukirapo, ndipamwamba mwayi woti nsomba za siliva zikhalemo, ndipo ngati zilipo, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zambiri nthawi imodzi, ngakhale kuti aliyense amadzipangira yekha chisa. Kunja, nyumba ya kangaude imatha kukhala ngati kachingwe kapena belu laling'ono - lolukidwa ndi ukonde ndikumangirizidwa ku miyala yomwe ili pansi.
Zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira chifukwa zili poyera. Kuphatikiza apo, salola kuti mpweya udutse. Kangaude amakhala nthawi yayitali pachisa chake cham'madzi, makamaka kwa akazi - ndi odalirika komanso otetezeka, chifukwa ulusi wazizindikiro umatambasuka mbali zonse kuchokera pamenepo, ndipo ngati pali cholengedwa chamoyo chapafupi, kangaude amadziwa nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi zina amamanga zisa zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Silverlings amatha kusungidwa ngati ziweto. Izi ndizosowa kwenikweni, koma zimachitika, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zosangalatsa kuzisa zawo ndi kuwala kwasiliva. Kangaude m'modzi amatha kusungidwa mchidebe chaching'ono, ndipo angapo adzafunika aquarium yonse.
Samatsutsana wina ndi mnzake, koma ngati alibe chakudya chokwanira, amatha kumenya nawo nkhondo, pambuyo pake wopambanayo adya wolandayo. Amasintha bwino mu ukapolo, koma amafunika kukonza zachilengedwe zam'madzi, ndikuti zina mwa izo ziwonekere pamtunda (kapena kuponyera nthambi) - izi ndizofunikira kuti akangaude atuluke.
Ngakhale zili ndi poyizoni, sizimakonda kuwukira anthu, izi zimatheka pokhapokha kangaudeyu atadzitchinjiriza - zoterezi zimatha kuchitika ngati nsomba ya siliva itagwidwa limodzi ndi nsomba, ndipo akuganiza kuti wagwidwa. Nthawi zambiri, imayesera kuthawa anthu, ndipo azolowera, akangaude ogwidwa amachita nawo modekha kupezeka kwawo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wamadzi amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kangaude wamadzi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi
Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'madzi, ndi izi:
- tizilombo ta m'madzi;
- mphutsi;
- abulu amadzi;
- ntchentche;
- chimbudzi;
- zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono;
- nsomba mwachangu.
Akamamuwombera, amamugwirizira ndi ndodo kuti asayende, kumangirira chelicera mmenemo ndikubayira poizoni. Nyamayo ikamwalira ndikusiya kukana, imabweretsa chinsinsi chakugaya - mothandizidwa nayo, minofu imasungunuka, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti nsomba ya siliva itenge zakudya zonse kuchokera kwa iwo.
Kuphatikiza pa kusaka, amakoka ndi kugaya tizilombo tomwe tafa kale tayandama pamwamba pa dziwe - ntchentche, udzudzu ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri, mu ukapolo, kangaude wamadzi amadyetsedwa nawo, amathanso kudyetsa mphemvu. Mothandizidwa ndi intaneti imakokera nyama mu dome lake ndikudya kale kumeneko.
Kuti achite izi, amagona chagada ndikusanja chakudyacho ndi michere ya m'mimba, ndipo ikayamba kufewetsa mokwanira, imadziyamwa yokha, ndiye zomwe zimawoneka kuti sizidyeka zimachotsedwa pachisa - zimakhala zoyera. Koposa zonse, osula siliva amakonda kudya abulu amadzi.
M'chilengedwe, iwo ndi othandiza chifukwa amawononga mphutsi za tizilombo todwalitsa tambiri, mwachitsanzo udzudzu, kuwalepheretsa kuswana kwambiri. Koma amathanso kukhala owopsa, chifukwa amasaka nyama mwachangu. Komabe, mwachangu ofooka amakhala nyama yawo, kotero kuti amasewera ngati oweta achilengedwe, ndipo samapweteketsa anthu ambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kangaude wamadzi ali ndi maso ambiri, koposa zonse nthawi yakusaka samadalira iwo, koma ukonde wake, mothandizidwa ndimomwe amatha kumva kuyenda kulikonse kwa wovulalayo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi wooneka ngati nyuzi
Nsomba yasiliva imapita kukasaka usiku, koma imakhala nthawi yayitali masana. Amayi azimayi nthawi zambiri samatuluka mu chisa kupatula kuti akwaniritse mpweya wawo - kupatula kusaka. Koma ngakhale nthawi zambiri imatsogozedwa mopanda chidwi, ikutsamira pang'ono chisa, ndikudikirira mpaka nyama ina ili pafupi.
Amphongo amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchoka pachisa kupita kutali mpaka mamita khumi kukafunafuna chakudya. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri amakhalabe mita kapena awiri, motsogozedwa ndi maukonde awo, okonzeka kuyankha zikwangwani zochokera kwa iwo nthawi iliyonse.
Amatha kubisala muma coco omwe amadziluka okha, kapena m'matumba opanda kanthu a mollusks. Osula siliva awo ndiosangalatsa kwambiri kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu: amakokera mpweya mkati mpaka atayandama, kenako nkumangirira ku duckweed ndikukwawa mkati mwa chipolopolocho.
Chipolopolocho chikakonzeka, mutha kupita kutulo - kudzakhala kotentha mkati kuti kangaude wamadzi apulumuke ngakhale kuzizira koopsa. Zigoba zoterezi zimatha kuwonedwa m'miyezi yophukira - ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizira kuti nsomba yasiliva imakhalamo, chifukwa zipolopolo sizimayandama popanda thandizo lawo.
Nthawi yozizira ikafika, duckweed imagwa, ndipo chipolopolocho chimapita pansi limodzi nacho, koma chifukwa cha ukonde wandiweyani, madzi samasefukira, motero kangaudeyu amabisala bwino. M'chaka, chomeracho chimatuluka, ndipo chipolopolocho chimamva kutentha, mkazi wa siliva amadzuka ndikutuluka.
Ngati chilimwe chatha ndipo dziwe louma, akangaude amadzi amangokhalira kubisalira kutentha, kudikirira mpaka atadzipezanso m'madzi. Kapenanso amatha kuwuluka pa kandodo kupita kumayiko ena, kukafunafuna dziwe lalikulu lomwe silinaume. Mulimonsemo, sawopsezedwa kuti aphedwa ngati atakumana nawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi ku Russia
Amakhazikika m'magulu, ngakhale aliyense amakhala pachisa chake patali pang'ono ndi enawo. Samatsutsana wina ndi mzake, koma nthawi zambiri, milandu yodziwitsa ena imadziwika. Izi ndizothekanso kusungidwa ngati ali ndi nsomba zambiri zasiliva zomwe zimakhala mu aquarium imodzi.
Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena osiyana akhoza kukhala pafupi, popeza akazi a kangaude samakonda kudya amunawo. Akangaude nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri, ndikuyika zisa zawo pafupi kwambiri. Akazi amaswana mu chisa.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe wofunda, mkazi wonyamula mazira amapangira clutch mu chisa chake: nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira pafupifupi 30-40, nthawi zina kuposa - theka la theka. Amalekanitsa zomangamanga ndi chisa china ndi magawano kenako ndikuzitchinjiriza kuzisokonezo, pafupifupi osachokapo.
Pakatha milungu ingapo, akangaude amatuluka m'mazira - amakula mofanana ndi achikulire, ochepa. Mayi kangaude amapitiliza kuwasamalira mpaka atamusiya - izi zimachitika mwachangu, akangaude amakula milungu iwiri kapena itatu yokha. Pambuyo pake, amamanga chisa chawo, nthawi zambiri mosungira komweko.
Ngakhale nthawi zina amatha kuyenda, mwachitsanzo, ngati pali kale ndalama zambiri zasiliva komwe adabadwira. Kenako amakwera chomera, amayamba ulusi ndikuwuluka ndi mphepo mpaka atafikanso pagulu lina lamadzi - ndipo ngati satuluka, amatha kuwuluka kupitirira apo.
Chosangalatsa: Mukamasunga akangaude ang'onoang'ono mu ukapolo, ndikofunikira kukhazikika, chifukwa apo ayi padzakhala malo ochepa, ndipo amatha kudyedwa ndi amayi awo. Izi sizimachitika mwachilengedwe.
Adani achilengedwe a akangaude amadzi
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi, kapena nsomba zasiliva
Ngakhale kuti iwonso ndi olusa nyama zowononga nyama zowopsa za m'madzi, alinso ndi adani ambiri. Palibe chowopseza chisa, koma kutuluka kukasaka, iwonso ali pachiwopsezo chokhala nyama - nthawi zina izi zimachitika, ndipo chisa chimataya mwini wake.
Mwa adani owopsa:
- mbalame;
- njoka;
- achule;
- abuluzi;
- nsomba;
- agulugufe ndi tizilombo tina ta m'nyanja todya nyama.
Komabe, amakumana ndi zoopsa zochepa kuposa akangaude wamba, makamaka chifukwa chakuti amakhala m'madzi. Apa, nyama zowononga zambiri sizingawafikire, koma nsomba zitha kuzidya - ndipo izi siziyenera kupeputsidwa, chifukwa ngakhale chisa sichimateteza nthawi zonse.
Ndipo ndi chitetezo chodalirika nthawi zambiri, ulusi womwe umachokera sikofunikira kwenikweni - chifukwa cha iwo, nsomba za siliva sizimangosaka zokha, komanso zimaphunzira za chiwopsezo munthawi yake. Chifukwa chake, mwayi waukulu wodya nyama kuti udabwitse ndi kugwira kangaudeyu ndi pamene amadzisaka yekha, panthawiyi amakhala wopanda chitetezo.
Nthawi zambiri achule amagwiritsa ntchito izi, komabe, osanena kuti osula siliva ambiri amathetsa miyoyo yawo m'manja mwa olusa - nthawi zambiri moyo wawo umakhala wodekha, chifukwa chake sali okonzeka kusinthanitsa malo awo ndi malo osokoneza kwambiri pamtunda.
Chosangalatsa: Silverfish poyizoni ndiwowopsa, koma siwowopsa kwa anthu - nthawi zambiri pamakhala kulira kapena kutupa pamalo olumirako, ndipo ndizo zonse. Mwana kapena munthu yemwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka amatha kumva chizungulire, kumangomva kupsa mtima, ndikupatsidwa nseru. Mulimonsemo, zonse zidzadutsa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamadzi
Akangaude amadzi amakhala m'malo ambiri ku Eurasia, ndipo amapezeka m'madzi ambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ambiri. Zotsatira zake, mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi umodzi mwazomwe zakhala zikuwopsezedwa - mpaka pano, zikuwonekeratu kuti zilibe vuto ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, ngakhale sikuwerengedwa.
Zachidziwikire, kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe m'matumba ambiri amadzi sikungakhudze zamoyo zonse zomwe zikukhalamo, komabe, nsomba ya siliva imavutika ndi izi. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, koma izi zitha kutanthauzidwanso ndi zomwe adachita, chifukwa chakusowa komwe amathanso kukakamizidwa kuti achoke m'malo awo - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, sizovuta kuzichotsa.
Chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti mwa zamoyo zonse zadongosolo, kutha kwa nyama kumawopseza akangaude ambiri, kuphatikiza nsomba za siliva, pafupifupi zonse - ndi zolengedwa zosinthidwa mwanzeru zomwe zimatha kupulumuka ngakhale zitakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Silverlings nthawi zina amakulira m'nyumba chifukwa ndiosangalatsa kuwonera: amatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mochenjera, kuwonetsa "zododometsa" zachilendo, ndipo amakhala otakataka masana onse - ngakhale izi zimachitika makamaka kwa amuna, akazi amakhala odekha.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndiwodzichepetsa: amangofunikira kudyetsedwa ndipo madzi amasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndikofunikanso kutseka chidebecho nawo, apo ayi kangaudeyo posachedwa adzayamba ulendo wozungulira nyumba yanu kukafunafuna malo okhala, ndipo mwina, chabwino, kuwulukira mumsewu kapena kuphwanyidwa mwangozi.
Kangaude wamadzi, ngakhale zili ndi poizoni - cholengedwa cha anthu sichowopsa, ngati simuchigwira. Ndi yapadera chifukwa imayika maukonde m'madzi momwemo, imakhalabe moyo ndikusaka m'menemo, ngakhale ilibe zida zopumira zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala moyo wamadzi. Ndizosangalatsanso chifukwa chakuti imatha kupanga zipolopolo zopanda kanthu za hibernation.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 13:33
