Pali nyama zambiri m'chilengedwe zomwe zimadziwa kukumba ngalande pansi. Komabe, chofukula chotchuka kwambiri chodziwika kuyambira ali mwana ndicho mole... Nyamayi imakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi kapangidwe kathupi kathupi ndi mphamvu ya mole. Ichi ndi chilengedwe chodziwika bwino, chomwe chimabweretsa phindu lililonse popanda vuto lililonse komanso kuvulaza anthu kwambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mole
Mole ndi kanyama kakang'ono kwambiri kokhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kupyola njira zazitali zapansi panthaka. Maso a mitundu ina ya timadontho-timadontho timabisidwa molondola pansi pa khungu. Timadontho tating'onoting'ono tiribe makutu, zili ndi ubweya wosalala, wofewa kwambiri. Mtundu wa malayawo nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda, koma palinso nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi mkanjo wakuda.
Timadontho tating'onoting'ono timakhala m'gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ali m'gulu lalikulu la zinyama. Iwo ndi gawo la banja la mole - lat. Talpidae. Nyamazo zimatchedwa ndi dzina pazifukwa. Kwenikweni, mawu oti "mole" amatanthauza "digger". Dzinali limachokera ku mawu oti "kukumba, kukumba".
Kanema: Mole
Omwe amakhala mobisawa amatha kudutsa ma mita mazana ambiri kutalika. Pansi pa nthaka, nyama imadzipangira malo ogona, imapanga makonde apadera momwe imasaka. Timadontho-timadontho timakonda kugona usiku wonse pa udzu, udzu kapena masamba. Ndi nyama zanzeru, chifukwa chake "m'chipinda chogona" nthawi zonse amapereka njira yobisalira pakagwa ngozi. Njira yapansi panthaka ili ndi zofunda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kuyenda mosadukizadutsa munjira zadothi zopapatiza kumawonekera pakuwonekera kwa nyama. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, buluyo amafufuta ubweya wake, nkukhalabe wadazi. Komabe, chilengedwe chawoneratu zonse - 3-4 pachaka "chovala" chatsopano chimamera mumadontho.
Komanso timadontho timadontho-timadontho timakonzekeretsa nyumba yawo ndi njira zina zowonjezera kumadzi. Nyama zina zimapanga zitsime zawo zapansi panthaka. Zitsime zimadzazidwa ndi madzi pakagwa mvula yambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zotere zimakonda kubisala pansi. Pansi kwambiri, dziko lapansi limakhalabe lofunda ndipo silimaundana.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal mole
Chofunikira kwambiri pazinyama zazing'onozi ndikusowa masomphenya. Ngati kwa anthu ndi nyama zina kusowa kwa masomphenya ndi vuto lalikulu, ndiye kuti kwa ma moles kumatengedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira komanso chofunikira. Ndi maso abwinobwino, nyamazi sizingathe kukhala moyo wawo wonse mobisa. Timadontho-timadontho tili ndi maso, koma m'mitundu yambiri amatetezedwa ndi khungu.
Sizimbale zokhazokha zomwe zimasinthidwa kwathunthu ndi moyo wapansi panthaka. Ziwalo zakumva zimasinthidwanso kwa izo. Timadontho tating'onoting'ono tiribe ziphuphu. Izi sizimangoperekedwa ndi chilengedwe. Akadakhala kuti ali ndi ma auricles, ndiye kuti kuthamanga kwakukulu kumatha kupanga mwa iwo. Kupanikizika koteroko sikukanalola kuti nyamayo ikhale m'nthaka.
Ofukula ali ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri. Ilinso ndi zina, ndizosiyana ndi ubweya wa nyama zina. Chophimba cha ubweya wa timadontho-timadontho chimatha kukwana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Katunduyu amalola kuti nyama zizilowa munjira zochepa zapansi panthaka popanda vuto lililonse. Mtundu wa ubweyawo nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda, wabulauni, kapena wamdima wakuda.
Ma moles amatha kudziwika ndi izi:
- Kutalika konse kwa chinyama kuli pafupifupi masentimita sikisitini. Mwa izi, thupi limatenga pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi awiri, ndipo enawo amagwera kutalika kwa mutu ndi mchira.
- Kulemera kwapakati pa nyama ndi magalamu khumi ndi asanu. Komabe, oimira banja amadziwikanso kukula kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi akumana ndi Ussuri Moguera, kutalika kwake kuli masentimita makumi awiri ndi chimodzi.
- Maonekedwe anyama iyi ndiyamakona anayi. Timadontho-timadontho tili ndi kamutu kakang'ono komanso khosi losaoneka. Mauthenga omwe mamembala ambiri am'banjamo sanakule, pomwe ena amakhala ochepa kwambiri, okutidwa ndi tsitsi. Komanso, nyama zimakhala ndi mphuno ngati mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono. Ili ndi tsitsi lobisika. Mphuno zimayendetsedwa patsogolo.
- Zilonda za nyama yoyamwitsa zili ndi zala zisanu. Ndiwo chida chachikulu chofukulira mayendedwe ataliatali. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, yoluka. Maburashiwa amafanana ndi mafosholo, akanjenjemera ndi manja awo akuyang'ana panja. Mole amakumba ma tunnel ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, miyendo yakumbuyo siyolimba kwenikweni. Ndi oonda kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi miyendo ya makoswe.
Kodi mole amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: nthaka nyama mole
Mamembala a banja la mole ali ponseponse. Amakhala ku Eurasia, North America. Timadontho tating'onoting'ono sapezeka konse ku South America. Asayansi apeza kuti nyama izi zidakhazikika ku North America pomwe zidasiyanitsidwa ndi South Strait. Moles makamaka amakhala ambiri ku Russia, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldavia.
Makamaka, mitundu inayi ya ma mole amakhala ku Russia:
- Akhungu. Amagawidwa kuchokera ku Ciscaucasia kupita ku Transcaucasia. Oimira amtunduwu amapezeka ku Turkey ngakhale kumpoto kwa Iran. Nyamayo imakhala kumapiri, kumapiri a mapiri, omwe nthawi zina amapezeka m'mapiri. Kwa moyo, timadontho tosaona timasankha dothi lotayirira, lonyowa. Nthawi zina nyamazi zimakhala limodzi ndi mitundu ya Caucasus;
- Anthu a ku Caucasus. Amakhala pakatikati, kumadzulo kwa Caucasus, ndipo amapezeka m'malo ena ku Turkey omwe amayandikira m'mbali mwa Nyanja Yakuda. Ziphuphu za ku Caucasus zimakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zowuma, koma zimapezeka pang'ono m'mapiri a biotopes. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyama zotere zimatha kulowa mita imodzi. Ndime zazikulu zili pafupi kwambiri ndi pamtunda - pamtunda wa masentimita asanu;
- ChiAltaic. Ili ndi utoto wa monochromatic, pamimba chovalacho chimakhala chosalala. Maonekedwe a timadontho ta Altai timagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mole. Thupi la nyama limakhala lokulirapo, lokulungika;
- Zachilendo. Ili ndi gulu la ma moles ofala kwambiri. Oimira ake amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana: kuyambira nkhalango mpaka mapiri.
Kwa moyo wabwinobwino, ma moles obereketsa amafunikira mikhalidwe yapadera. Pachifukwa ichi, amasankha malo okhala ndi nthaka yonyowa. Ndioyenera kwambiri kukonza. Mawonekedwe amderali atha kukhala aliwonse. Nyama zimakonda nyengo yotentha.
Kodi mole amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Timadontho tating'onoting'ono, ngakhale tating'ono, ndi nyama zowopsa. Amagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku, koma amasaka nthawi zambiri madzulo. Nyama zimakhala ndi metabolism yambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, timadontho-timadontho timadya kwambiri, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, zakudya ndi kuchuluka kwake zomwe zimadyedwa zimachepa pang'ono. Nyama zimakonda kukhala ndi kusaka zokha, koma nthawi zina pamakhala nthumwi za banja lomwe limakhala m'magulu.
Gawo lalikulu la zakudya za timadontho-timadontho timakhala ndi ziphuphu. Zinyama zimawadya chilimwe ndipo zimawagona m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuluma mitu ya mphutsi, kuzifooketsa. Timadontho tating'onoting'ono timadyanso mphutsi za mavuvu apadziko lapansi, mphutsi zazing'onoting'ono, May beetles ndi mitundu ina ya kafadala. Nthawi zambiri, ntchentche, mbozi, slugs zimalowa mchakudya cha mole.
Oyimira akulu kwambiri a banja la mole, a Mogers, amakonda kudyetsa mbozi za agulugufe. Nsomba zamphongo zazing'onozikulu zimadya nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi. Amatha kudya nkhanu, nsomba zazing'ono ndi tizilombo. Zoyipa zaku America zimaphatikizira zakudya zamasamba mu zakudya zawo.
Chosangalatsa: Tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kudya chakudya chochuluka patsiku. Nyama imatenga chakudya, cholemera chomwe chimafanana ndi kulemera kwa nyama yomwe. Komanso, nyama zazikuluzikuluzi ndizochulukirapo. Mole mu chisa chake amatha kusunga makilogalamu awiri azakudya tsiku lamvula.
Tsiku limodzi, kuchuluka kwa zakudya kumatha kufikira kasanu ndi kamodzi. Pambuyo pachakudya chilichonse chamagulu, moleyo amagona tulo tofa nato. Nthawi zambiri anthu amagona maola anayi. Ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti chakudyacho chimakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kupukusa chakudya. Nyamazo sizinazolowere kufa ndi njala. Popanda chakudya, sangakhale ndi moyo wopitilira maola khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri.
Kuti tipeze zokoma zatsopano. timadontho-timadontho sayenera kukumba mavesi atsopano nthawi iliyonse. Amapeza chakudya m'misewu yakale, momwe nyongolotsi zimayenda zokha. Nyongolotsi zimakopeka ndi kutentha ndi kununkhira kwapadera kwa timadontho. M'nyengo yozizira, mamembala am'banja nawonso sayenera kufa ndi njala. Nkhuntho zimakhalanso zogwira ntchito. Amatha kuyenda ngakhale atazizira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Common mole
Pafupifupi moyo wonse wa mole umadutsa mumdima wathunthu. Amamanga ma labyrinth osaneneka momwe amakhalamo ndikusaka. Labyrinths imatha kugona pansi mosiyanasiyana. Kukumba kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti nyama. Pamwamba pa ndime, zomwe zili pafupi ndi nkhope ya dziko lapansi, nthawi zonse mumatha kuzindikira mawonekedwe okwera. Kuzama kwa labyrinths kumadalira mtundu wa nthaka. Ngati ndi lotayirira, lonyowa, mayendedwe ake amapangidwa mwakuya pang'ono; munthaka wouma, ngalande zimakumbidwa pakuya masentimita makumi awiri.
Mitsinje yakuya kwambiri imadulidwa ndi nyama pansi pa nkhalango. Zisa zimapezekanso kwambiri. Pafupifupi, akazi amakonza zisa pakuya kwa mita 1.5. Chisa chimamangiriridwa bwino ndi udzu ndi masamba. Nyama zimatha kuyendayenda nthawi ndi nthawi pamalo omwe zimakhala. M'nyengo yotentha amatsikira kuzigwa, nthawi yachisanu - kumapiri. M'chaka, abambo amphongo amatha kukulitsa katundu wawo kangapo. Izi ndichifukwa chakusaka kwa mkazi kuti aswane.
Khalidwe la moles limatsutsana. Iwo ndi andewu, andewu. Kawirikawiri, nyama zimakhala pagulu. Amalumikizana awiriawiri pokhapokha nthawi yamasiku yakwana. Timadontho-timadontho amasonyeza waubwenzi yekha ali aang'ono. Achinyamata amasisitana. Koma pakukula, sizikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimayamba kuwonekera - kukhumudwa, kunyinyirika.
Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakonza ndewu ngati akumana munjira. Amatha kuluma mopanda chifundo kwa mdani. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mu ukapolo, oimira banja amadya nyama ya abale awo ndi chilakolako chachikulu. Komanso timadontho-timadontho alibe chisoni. Ngati mnansi wawo agwera m'mavuto kapena atamwalira, ndiye kuti sangadikire kuti athandizidwe. Timadontho tating'onoting'ono timalowa munjira za nyama yakufa ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pazolinga zawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mole nyama zakutchire
Mamembala am'mabanja amtundu kamodzi kamodzi pachaka.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa timadontho-timadontho ndi nthawi yoberekera ndizosiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Mitundu ya Siberia mu June. Komabe, mbewuyo imangowonekera chaka chotsatira, mchaka. Pafupifupi, pakati pamakhala masiku pafupifupi mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri. Mkazi amabereka ana osapitirira asanu ndi limodzi nthawi imodzi;
- Anthu a ku Caucasus amakonda kukwatirana mu february, ndipo ana a mole amawoneka mu Marichi. Simumapeza ana opitilira atatu nthawi imodzi. Anawo amadziyimira pawokha pasanathe masiku makumi anayi atabadwa. Oimira mtundu uwu amachulukitsa nambala yawo mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa anawo amawoneka akuya kwambiri pansi panthaka. Palibe chomwe chimamuopseza;
- Okwatirana aku Europe kumapeto - mu Marichi ndi Epulo. Masiku makumi anayi atakumana ndi wamphongo, mkaziyo amabala mole - pafupifupi anthu asanu ndi anayi nthawi imodzi. Kulemera kwa ng'ombe imodzi, monga lamulo, sikupitilira magalamu awiri;
- Akhungu. Zimaswana mu February, nthawi yoswa ndi mwezi umodzi. Nthawi imodzi, yaikazi imabereka pafupifupi anthu asanu.
Chosangalatsa: Kutalika kwa moyo wa mole kumadalira mitundu yake. Pafupifupi, mamembala am'banja amakhala zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu.
Natural adani a timadontho-timadontho
Chithunzi: Mole mobisa nyama
Oimira banja la mole ali ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Amangovutika ndi mbalame zodya nyama, nkhumba zakutchire, mbira, martens. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi nyengo youma, chinyezi chambiri, kapena ndi manja a munthu mwiniwake. Anthu amapha nyama mwadala kapena mwangozi. Ena amayesa kugwira mole ndikuyiyika mkati. Koma ntchito yotereyi imathera pomwe nyama idafa.
Komanso achikulire ochepa amamwalira chifukwa cha mphako za abale awo. Ziphuphu zazikulu zimakonda kukangana ndi kukangana, kotero kumenyana pakati pawo si kwachilendo. Nkhondo nthawi zambiri zimatha ndikamwalira m'modzi mwa omenyerawo.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Moles alibe adani achilengedwe okhawo mobisa. Ngati chinyama sichikwera padziko lapansi, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chikuopseza.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mole
Timadontho tating'onoting'ono timapezeka paliponse. Sagawidwe ngati mitundu yotetezedwa. Chiwerengero cha nyama izi sichidetsa nkhawa kwenikweni. Timadontho timene timabweretsa zabwino ndi zovulaza anthu. Amasintha kapangidwe kake ka dziko lapansi, amaithira manyowa, ndikupangitsa nthaka kukhala yotayirira. Komanso, nyama zimawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kumbali inayi, timadontho tating'onoting'ono ndi tizirombo tanthambi ndi ulimi wamaluwa. Nthawi zambiri zimawononga mizu ya zomera. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu amakakamizidwa kumenyana ndi timadontho tothandizidwa ndi poizoni, zotulutsa phokoso komanso njira zina.
Oimira banja la mole amakhala wamba mobisa ku Eurasia ndi North America. Nyama izi zimakhala nthawi yayitali m'nthaka, momwe zimakhala, kudyetsa ndi kuberekana. Kuchuluka kwa nyama izi pakadali pano kuli kolimba, mole sizimayambitsa nkhawa pakati pa asayansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03.03.2019
Tsiku losintha: 15.09.2019 nthawi ya 19:00
