Gwape wa Pygmy - nyama yokhala ndi mphako pakati Mitundu iyi ya nyama ndi ya mtundu umodzi wa antelopes a pygmy. Dzina la sayansi lapadziko lonse lapansi la antelopes ocheperako, zonunkhira zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zing'onoting'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, zoperekedwa ndi Carl Linnaeus, ndi Neotragus pygmaeus.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gwape wamphongo
Mawu oyamba ochokera ku dzina lodziwika bwino la Neotragus ali ndi magawo awiri, omwe amatha kutanthauziridwa kuti "mbuzi yatsopano", dzina lenileni limanenanso kukula kwakung'ono kanyama kake ndipo kamamasuliridwa kuti "nkhonya yaying'ono". Artiodactyl iyi ili ndi mayina ena; mafuko am'deralo adaipatsa dzina la antelope yachifumu. Izi zidanenedwa koyamba ndi wamalonda Boseman, yemwe adatenga nawo gawo ku West India Company, (mu Old English, mawu akuti deer ndi king ndi ma homonyms). Komanso, lotchedwa Antilope regia lilinso ndi dzina - Capra pygmaea, m'Chijeremani mwanayo amatchedwa kleinstböckhen.
Kanema: Antelope Wamphongo
Katswiri wa zanyama waku Germany a Simon Pallas adalongosola mitundu iwiri ya antelopes, Tragulus pygmaeus ndi Antilope pygmaea, koma atafufuza mozama za kusanthula kwa majini kunapezeka kuti onsewa ndi a N. pygmaeus. Banja laling'ono la antelope lidagawika m'magulu asanu ndi atatu ndi mitundu khumi ndi inayi, koma magawanowa ndiosasinthika, popeza mawonekedwe ndi zina mwa zina ndizofanana.
Mtundu wa antelope wa pygmy uli ndi mitundu ingapo yokhala ndi chiyambi chofanana, ndi iyi:
- dorcatragus (beira);
- ourebia (oribi);
- madoqua (kulamula);
- oreotragus (clippringer);
- mbali zamakoma.
Nyama zonsezi zimadziwika ndi kaimidwe kakang'ono, moyo wachinsinsi, zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Africa. Komanso, makolo wamba a antagonope a pygmy sanali ndi clippers ndi ma duikers okha, komanso ndi nthumwi za banja laling'ono la Cephalophinae.
Artiodactyl iyi sibale kwenikweni ndi ana ena, monga: Sunya (N. moschatus) ndi antatesope a Bates (N. batesi), omwe amakhala mdera lina la Africa. Amawoneka ngati anzawo aku Asia - tragul mbewa. Antelope ya pygmy ili ndi mkamwa wotalika kuposa antelope wa Bates, ndipo milomo ndi yotakata, ngakhale mkamwa ndi yaying'ono, imasinthidwa kuti idye masamba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi antelope akuwoneka bwanji
Chodabwitsachi, chaching'ono chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chimafota chimangokhala kotala la mita imodzi, pamodzi ndi mutu wake sichinapitirire theka la mita. Kulemera kwa nyerere yaying'ono sikuposa ma kilogalamu atatu, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 2 - 2.5. Miyendo ya nyama ndi yopyapyala, yopyapyala, yokongola. Mitu yamphongo yokha ndi yomwe imakongoletsedwa ndi nyanga zakuda zonyezimira, nyanga zosalala, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 2 - 2.5. M'munsi mwa nyanga mumakhala zokutira ngati zouluka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Miyendo yakutsogolo ya antelope yachifupi kawiri kuposa ya mbawala zamphongo, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe a chithunzicho amapereka chithunzi kuti nthawi zonse amakhala pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinyama chikhale chofanana ndi kalulu, onse mthupi komanso kukula.
Chovalacho ndi chofewa, chofiirira ndi utoto wofiira kapena wagolide. Pakatikati pamutu ndi kumbuyo, mthunzi wa malayawo ndi woderapo pang'ono kuposa woyamba. Kuyambira pachibwano, kutsika pakhosi ndi pamimba, m'mbali mwamkati mwa miyendo mumakhala utoto woyera, koma pakati pachifuwa umasiyanitsidwa ndi "kolala" yofiirira, ndikupanga "malaya kutsogolo" koyera pamwamba pakhosi. Komanso, tsitsi limodzi kumapeto kwa mchira ndi loyera. Mchira ndi wochepa thupi, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita eyiti.
Chosangalatsa: Panyama ya pygmy, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna, ndipo ana awo amatha kulowa momasuka pachikhatho cha munthu.
Maso a mphalapala ndi ozungulira, aakulu, ofiira akuda. Makutu ndi otuluka komanso ochepa. Rhinarius wa mphuno ndi wotakata, wopanda tsitsi, pinki waimvi.
Kodi antelope amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Antelope yaku Africa
Artiodactyl yaying'ono kwambiri m'zinyama imakhala m'nkhalango zam'mvula zaku West Africa ku:
- Guinea;
- Ghana;
- Liberia;
- Sierra Leone;
- Cote d'Ivoire.
Nyama imakonda malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira zitsamba ndi masamba obiriwira. Habitat imachokera kumapiri a Koununkan kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Guinea. Kuphatikiza apo, gawoli limalanda Sierra Leone, Liberia, kudzera ku Cote d'Ivoire, mpaka kukafika kugombe la Volta ku Ghana. Antelopes a King amapezeka kumadera akumpoto kwambiri. Kumeneku amapezeka pamalire a nkhalango ndi malo a nkhalango. Awa ndi malo omwe pali zomera zoyenera kuti nyama zazing'ono zobisalira zibisalame. Komabe, nkhonozi zimakonda zigwa zokhala ndi chinyezi komanso zotentha; izi zitha kukhalanso nkhalango zachiwiri.
Ana opanda chitetezo amenewa amafunika masamba obiriwira kuti azitha kubisalira adani. Amatha kukhala m'malo olimilira ngakhale ali pachiwopsezo chogwidwa kapena kuwomberedwa ndi alenje.
Chosangalatsa: Tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono ta antelopes a pygmy, mwachitsanzo, N. hemprichii, amakhala ku Abyssinia. Nyengo komwe kulibe chinyezi kwambiri ndipo anawo amakonda kukhala m'malo otsetsereka a zigwa, momwe madzi amatolera mvula ikagwa, ndipo nkhalango zowirira za ma milkweed, tchire laminga ndi mimosa zimapereka pogona komanso chakudya.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe antelope ya pygmy amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi antigope amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nyama zazing'ono m'chilengedwe
Nyamayi, monga ma artiodactyls ena, ndi herbivore. Amakonda udzu watsopano, masamba ndi shrub mphukira, maluwa. Antelope yaying'ono imaphatikizaponso zipatso zingapo zamadzi ozizira pazakudya zake: zipatso ndi zipatso, komanso bowa.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nkhalango zotentha kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa, zomera zonse zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri, kuzidya, antelope yachifumu samamvanso ludzu, chifukwa chake safuna magwero amadzi ndipo samafunafuna malo othirira.
Minofu ya masaya a mphalapala ya pygmy siinapangidwe mwamphamvu monga mwa ena, ngakhale mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, antelope a Bates, ngakhale ili laling'ono silokulirapo. Zinthu zomangidwazo, komanso kamwa yaying'ono, sizimalola ana okhala ndi ziboda zogawanika kudya mphukira. Koma chilengedwe chimasamalira nyamazi, ndikuwapatsa mphotho yayitali komanso yocheperako, milomo yayikulu, yomwe mungagwire masamba aang'ono m'nkhalango zowirira.
Pofunafuna malo abwino okhala ndi chakudya chatsopano, ma bovid amatha kupita kumadera atsopano, koma popeza kumadera otentha njira zokulira zimakula mwachangu, makanda sayenera kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, kungoyenda pang'ono m'gawo lomwelo ndikokwanira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kanyumba kamene kamagwetsa
Neotragus pygmaeus ndichinsinsi kwambiri. Izi ndizoyenera, popeza chinyama ndi chaching'ono msinkhu, sichingayende mwachangu, poyerekeza ndi nyama zazikulu, chimakhalanso ndi njira zina zotetezera: nyanga zamphamvu kapena ziboda. Koma makanda awa aphunzira kubisala mwangwiro pansi paudzu wandiweyani wa malo otentha pakati paudzu ndi tchire.
Dera lomwe amakhala ndi antelopes, potengera kuti ndi lawo, silipitilira zana ma mita. Kukula kwa dera lokhalako kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi milu ya manyowa. Amayenda mozungulira kufunafuna chakudya, nthawi zambiri nthawi yamadzulo kapena m'mawa. Nyama imapuma masana, ikubisala pansi pa bulashi.
Zosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi asayansi ambiri, katswiri wazinyama Jonathan Kingdon akuti antelope amadya masana komanso nthawi yamdima masana.
Moyo ndi mawonekedwe a antelopes amfupi samamvetsetsa bwino, ndi amanyazi kwambiri. Kungoopsezedwa pang'ono, amabisala muudzu wobiriwira, amaundana kuti asadziwike. Mdani akamayandikira kwambiri, ana awa amalumpha ndikuthamangira mopyola mu nkhalango.
Ma artiodactyl amtundu amathamanga ndi thupi lochepa, ndipo polumpha kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yamphamvu yamphongo yamphamvu. Atakumana ndi chopinga panjira, amachigonjetsa ndi kudumpha kwakukulu, ndipo kuti asokoneze omwe akuwathamangitsa, amapanga zigzag kuponyera mmbali kwinaku akuthamanga.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ndi kamphindi kakang'ono, komwe sikatha ngakhale kufika theka la mita, antelope ya pygmy imatha kulumpha. Kutalika kwa kulumpha kumafika kupitirira theka la mita pamwamba pa nthaka, pomwe kutalika kwa nyama kumapambana mtunda pafupifupi mita zitatu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Antelope ya ana a pygmy
Ana antelopes amakhala okhaokha, koma palinso milandu yamitala. Kuzindikiritsa gawo, ma pygmy bovids ali ndi zotupa za preorbital. Iwo sali otukuka kwambiri, koma nyama zimayika malo awo ndi zonunkhira zawo, zikupukuta ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yazomera, ndikuwonetsanso malowo ndi ndowe. Nyama sizimasonkhana ngati ziweto, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pawiri, ngakhale akazi amakonda njira yodziyimira pawokha.
Popeza nyamayo ndi yamanyazi kwambiri ndipo imakhala moyo wachinsinsi, akatswiri a zoo sakudziwa nthawi yovutikira komanso zaka zoberekera, koma amaganiza kuti kutenga pakati kumatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ana a zinyama izi amapezeka kamodzi pachaka. Amayi amasulidwa pamtolo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso koyambirira kwa dzinja ku Africa. Apa, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa ku equator, kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhala kosawoneka, ndipo kungodziwika ndi kalendala, iyi ndi miyezi ya Novembala-Disembala.
Zonyansa nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi munthu m'modzi. Kulemera kwa ana obadwa kumene kuli pafupifupi magalamu 300-400, ndi osalimba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri, akazi achikulire komanso okulirapo amabereka ana olemera magalamu 500-800. Ubweya wosakhwima wa makanda ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa akulu. Kwa miyezi iwiri, ana akhanda amadya mkaka wa amayi, pang'onopang'ono kupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto.
Patatha miyezi sikisi, mphalapala imatha msinkhu. Antelopes a Pygmy amatha kuwoneka akudya m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, limodzi ndi ana ang'ono, omwe akukula omwe sanakwatiranepo. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa moyo kuthengo kumakhala zaka 5-6; mu ukapolo, nyama zimakhala zaka 2-3 kutalika.
Adani achilengedwe a antelopes a pygmy
Chithunzi: Antelope yaying'ono ya pygmy
Kwa ana oterewa, chilombo chilichonse chitha kukhala chowopsa. Awa atha kukhala oyimira akulu m'banja la mphalapala: nyalugwe kapena panther, yemwe amatha kuzipeza nyamazi kapena kuziyang'ana, kubisala m'nkhalango zowirira.
Ankhandwe ndi afisi nawonso amalimbana ndi antelopes a pygmy, makamaka kumadera oyandikana ndi mapiri. Ngakhale anyani akuluakulu omwe samangodya chakudya chokha, koma amatha kusaka nyama zazing'ono, amatha kugwira ma artiodactylswa.
Mbalame zodya nyama nazonso ndi adani a mphalapala zachifumu, koma sizowopsa kwenikweni. Zimakhala zovuta kwa iwo kusaka nyama zoyenda mochenjera komanso mochenjera m'nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango ndiudzu. Ngozi yayikulu ingayembekezeredwe kuchokera ku njoka zazikulu zoyipa ndi mimbulu, zomwe zimatha kumeza nyama yawo yaying'ono.
Kuopseza kwakukulu kwa mtundu uwu wa ungulates kumadera ena okhalamo kumayimiriridwa ndi anthu, chifukwa ndiwo omwe amasakidwa. Zinyama nthawi zambiri zimagwera mumisampha ya nyama zina.
Chosangalatsa: Mpaka mitembo 1,200 yazinyama zopanda chitetezo izi zimagulitsidwa pachaka m'misika ya Kumasi ku Ghana.
Ku Sierra Leone, artiodactyls zazing'ono sizimasakidwa makamaka, koma zimagwera mumisampha ya otsogolera, ngakhale pamakhala milandu ikaponyedwa ndi mfuti. Ku Côte d'Ivoire, nyama zazing'ono zazing'onozi zimapanga gawo lalikulu lokolola nyama.
Chosangalatsa: Koma sikuti kulikonse agwape amphaka amakhala nyama zosaka. Ku Liberia, pakati pa anthu amitundu ina, nyamayi imawerengedwa kuti ndiimphamvu ya zoyipa ndipo imalembedwa posaka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi antelope akuwoneka bwanji
Nyama zotchedwa pygmy zimapezeka ku Upper Guinea ndipo zimapezeka ku Ivory Coast, Ghana ndi Sierra Leone. Ku Ghana, kum'mawa kwa mtsinje wa Volta, chinyama ichi sichipezeka kapena sichipezeka kwambiri. Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa anthu mpaka 2000 kudafika 62,000, koma izi sizolondola, chifukwa moyo wachinsinsi sulola kuwunika molondola momwe ziweto ziliri. Zambiri zidapezedwa powerengera malo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.2-2.0 pa kilomita lalikulu.
Malinga ndi International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, chitetezo cha mitunduyi sichimayambitsa nkhawa. Koma nyama zazing'ono zam'madera ena zimasakidwa, zomwe zitha kusokoneza chiwerengerocho. Komanso, kuchepa kwa madera oyenera moyo wa chinyama ichi, kukulitsa nthaka yaulimi, kumanga mizinda kumakhudza kukula kwa anthu.
Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu ukucheperachepera. Pamene zochitika zaumunthu komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi malo achilengedwe ndi nyama zamtchire zikukulirakulirabe m'malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono a ungulates. Koma pakadali pano palibe umboni kuti kuchuluka kwakuchepa kwatsala pang'ono kufika pamalire owopsezedwa.
Malo otetezedwa ndi malo otetezedwa amalola kusamalira ndikuwonjezera antelopes a pygmy m'malo awa:
- ku Côte d'Ivoire, Tai National Park, Mabi Yaya Forest Reserve;
- ku Guinea, ndi nkhalango yachilengedwe ya Dike komanso malo osungira zachilengedwe a Ziama;
- ku Ghana, Assin-Attandazo ndi Kakum National Parks;
- ku Sierra Leone, malo osungira nkhalango za Gola.
Gwape wa Pygmy, ngakhale amaimiridwa ndi zinyama za ku Africa mu chiwerengero chokwanira, komabe amafunikiranso kudzisamalira kuchokera kwa munthu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuteteza mosadukiza anthu opha nyama mosavomerezeka, komanso nkhalango kuti zisagwe. Kupulumuka kwa nyamayi tsopano kwakukulukulu kumadalira kuti zinthu zidapangidwa kuti zizikhala bwino m'mapaki aku Ghana ndi Ivory Coast.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/24/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/29/2019 ku 19:49
