Woseketsa Botia Ndi nsomba yochokera kubanja lomangidwa. Ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mitundu yowala. Ndi wa oimira zamoyo zam'madzi, zomwe amakonda kuyamba m'madzi am'madzi. Amatha kukula mpaka kukula kwakukulu, chifukwa chake simusowa aquarium yaying'ono. Komanso, oweta nsomba ayenera kukumbukira kuti amakonda malo ambiri okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. M'mabuku osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pansi pa dzina loti makrakanta.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Botia clown
Malongosoledwe oyamba a nsomba yowala komanso yokongola modabwitsa iyi anali mu 1852 ndi wasayansi komanso wofufuza malo wachi Dutch Blecker. Mu 1852, anali ku Indonesia ndipo adaziyang'ana nsombazo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mosamala kwambiri. Adafotokozeranso kuti zilumba za Borneo ndi Sumatra zimawerengedwa kuti kwawo ndi koseketsa. M'nyengo yobereketsa, zimadzuka ndi kudziunjikira zochuluka kwambiri pakamwa pamitsinje.
Kanema: Botia woseketsa
Adawonekera koyamba ngati nsomba zaku aquarium m'zaka za zana la 19. Kwa nthawi yayitali, adatumizidwa ngati anthu okhala ku aquarium ochokera ku Indonesia. Masiku ano amalimidwa bwino m'malo osungira ana, kapena m'madzi am'madzi a aquarium.Mu 2004, a Mauris Kottelat adawalekanitsa ndi mtundu wa Botius kukhala mtundu wina wodziyimira pawokha. Dzina lakuti makrakantha limachokera ku Chigriki chakale. Kumasuliridwa mu Chirasha, amatanthauza "munga waukulu." Dzinali ndi chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mitsempha yoteteza, yomwe ili mdera la infraorbital.
Mu Chirasha, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti nthabwala chifukwa cha mtundu wake wowala komanso wosazolowereka, komanso wamisala komanso othamanga kwambiri, wosewera. Nsomba zimafalikira mwachangu pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi ngati anthu okhala m'nyanjayi. Amabadwa ndi mabanja onse.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Rybka akumenyetsa chisudzo
Botia clown ndi nsomba yokongola, yowala yayikulu mokwanira. M'litali mwake kufika 30-40 masentimita. Mwachilengedwe, zachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri sichimakula mpaka kukula uku. Pansi pazachilengedwe, kukula kwa thupi lake sikupitilira masentimita 25.
Chosangalatsa: Mwa nsomba zonse, ali ndi zaka zana. Amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 20. Nsombayi ili ndi mtundu wowala, wonyezimira wa lalanje. Achinyamata amakhala ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri komanso wonenepa walalanje. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ndikukula, kumatha. Mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri imayenda mthupi. Mzere woyambawo umadutsa m'maso mwa nsombazo. Mzere wachiwiri umayenda m'chigawo chakumapeto. Yotsirizirayi ili kutsogolo kwa chimaliziro cha caudal.
Nsombayi imakhala ndi mphalapala yayikulu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala mdima, pafupifupi wakuda. Zipsepse zapansi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono kukula, mwina mdima, ndipo zitha kukhala zofiira. Maso a nsombazo ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Samatetezedwa ndi kanema wakhungu. Pakamwa pamakonzedwa ndimitundu iwiri ya masharubu yomwe imayang'ana pansi. Amagwira ntchito yovuta. Mlomo wapamwambawo ndi wokulirapo kuposa milomo yapansi, chifukwa chake pakamwa pake pamamveka pansi.
Masikelo a nsomba sawoneka kwenikweni. Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo imabisika pakhungu. Popeza nsomba zimakhala ndi moyo wapansi, zimakhala ndi ma gland ambiri omwe amatsegulidwa m'matumbo ndipo amathandizira kuyenda kwa nsomba pansi ndi zomera zolemera, miyala, zokopa. Kutha kwa thupi kumateteza thupi la nsomba kuti lisawonongeke. Mano akusowa mkamwa. M'malo mwake, pali mzere umodzi wamano akuthwa m'mafupa am'munsi.
Komanso, nsomba zimakhala ndi mitsempha yomwe ili pansi pa maso. Amatha kupindidwa, kapena amatha kupitilizidwa. Ali ndi ntchito yoteteza.
Kodi kumenyana kumamenyana kumakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Botia amasewera m'madzi
Dziko lakwawo la nsomba ndi gawo la Southeast Asia.
Dera lenileni la malo okhala nsomba za makracanth:
- Indonesia;
- Sumatra;
- Zilumba za Borneo;
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'mbali mwa mitsinje yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi. Nthawi yobereka, nthawi zambiri amasamukira, koma kumapeto kwake amabwerera kumalo awo. Nsomba zimatha kukhala m'mitsinje ndi madzi osayenda, komanso komwe kuli mphepo. Nthawi yamvula yamkuntho, amasamukira m'malo athyathyathya, omwe amadzaza mitsinje. Amatha kukhala m'matupi amadzi oyera kwambiri, komanso nthawi yomweyo omwe aipitsidwa.
Nsomba zimazolowera msanga zikhalidwe zatsopano zosunga, kuphatikizaponso m'nyanja. Sifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chogwirira ntchito. Pofuna kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino, amafunika nyanja yamchere yayikulu, poganizira kuti nsomba zimakula mpaka masentimita 20-35. Ndikofunika kuwerengera aquarium pafupifupi anthu 3-6, popeza omenyera nkhondo amakonda kukhala pagulu.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi pachinyama chilichonse ndi malita 80-100. Njira yayikulu ndikusowa kwa nitrate ndi zosafunika zina m'madzi. Kukhalapo kwa nitrate kumatha kubweretsa imfa ya nsomba zowala. Chimodzi mwazofunikira panjira ndikuwonetsera kusefera, kutentha kwamadzi ndi madigiri 25-28. Ndikofunika kuphimba pansi pamadzi ndi mchenga wolimba, kapena kachigawo kakang'ono ka miyala, popeza kulimbana kwamasewera kumakhudza pansi ndi masharubu.
Palinso zofunikira zina zowunikira. Ndibwino ngati imwazikana komanso kugonjetsedwa. Posankha zomera, ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu yomwe ili ndi masamba olimba kuti isadye. Ikhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fern m'madzi, cryptocorynes, echinodorus, anibuas. Ndikofunika kuphimba aquarium ndi chivindikiro kuti nzika zake zisadumphemo. Chikhodzodzo chomenyera chomenyera chimagawika magawo awiri ndi mtundu wina wa magawano. Mbali yakutsogolo itsekedwa mu kapisozi ya fupa, kumbuyo kwake kulibe.
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse zokhudzana ndi zomwe zili mumgwirizanowu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe muyenera kudyetsa nsomba.
Kodi kumenyana kumadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Botia clown
Macracanthus ndiosankha mwamphamvu pankhani yosamalira komanso zakudya. Amatha kutchedwa kuti omnivorous fish. Akamakhala mwachilengedwe, amakonda chakudya chomera, komanso tizilombo, mphutsi. Kuwasunga m'malo am'madzi a aquarium sikungakhale kovuta.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati fodya:
- mitundu yonse ya chakudya chamoyo komanso chachisanu;
- chimbudzi;
- ziphuphu;
- pachimake;
- ziphuphu;
- mitundu ya mphutsi ya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Mwiniwake ayenera kusamalira kuyera kwa chakudyacho, popeza nsomba zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chakudya, ndipo zimatha kudwala kapena kutenga kachilombo ka helminths. Kuti zikhale zodalirika, mitundu yamoyo yodyetsa imalimbikitsidwa kuti isungidwe ndikuzizira ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Komabe, chakudya chanyama chokha sichokwanira. Nsomba zimakonda zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Monga chowonjezera, mutha kuwonjezera masamba pazakudya - zukini, mbatata, nkhaka, letesi, sipinachi, nettle kapena dandelion.
Zakudya zamasamba - ndiwo zamasamba ndi zitsamba ziyenera kaye kuwotcheredwa ndi madzi otentha. Ndikofunikira kupanga boma linalake lodyetsa, poganizira kuti chakudya chachikulu kwambiri mu nsomba chimachitika usiku. Pansi pazachilengedwe, posowa zakudya zopatsa thanzi, nkhono zimasaka nkhono, mwachangu, nkhanu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Botala wamwamuna ndi wamkazi Botia
Zovala zapamadzi sizimakhala zokha, zimangokhala pagulu, mosasamala kanthu kuti amakhala m'malo achilengedwe kapena mumtsinje wamadzi. Monga mbali ya gulu, nsomba zimakhala zomasuka komanso zotetezedwa. Iwo okha, nthawi zambiri amakhala amantha kwambiri, osadya chilichonse ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa pamapeto pake.
Ngati nsomba ikukhala m'madzi osungulumwa popanda zikhoterero zake, imawonetsa kusagwirizana ndi oimira ena amtunduwo. Ngati makrakantha amakhala pagulu, zimawonetsa zosangalatsa, chisangalalo, komansoubwenzi kwa nzika zina. Omwe ali ndi nsomba zamtunduwu amadziwa kuti amadziwika ndi luso lina, amakhala ndi masewera ndipo amangosilira masewera amitundu yonse. Amakonda kusewera mobisalira.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kumenyanako kwamasewera kumamveka mawu omwe amafanana ndi kudina. Akatswiri a zinyama amati mawuwa amafunika kuteteza madera awo kapena kubereka. M'malo okhala ndi aquarium, mawu amenewa amatha kumveka mukamadyetsa. Ngakhale kuti nsombazo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi za benthic, zimatha kusambira mosamala m'magawo osiyanasiyana amadzi, komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yotopetsa, yaulesi ya nsomba siyabwino ngati oyandikana nayo kuti isungidwe mu aquarium.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Clown yolimbana ndi nsomba
Pa nyengo yodzala mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimasamukira kumalo osungira kumene amakhala. Munthawi imeneyi, pamakhala nsomba zochulukirapo, osati mitundu iyi yokha. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mumitsinje ina pamakhala mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri ya zamoyo zam'madzi.
Njira yoberekera imachitika kudzera mukuikira mazira. Nsomba zimaikira mazira pansi pa matope pansi pa dziwe lomwe amakhala. Amayi amayikira mazira akulu, m'mimba mwake ndi 3-4 mm. Nsomba sizimata zomata zilizonse zomata ndi adipose pamodzi ndi caviar, chifukwa chake zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo zimamira msanga pansi. Caviar imakhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira, womwe umagwira ntchito yoteteza ndikuisungitsa bwino pakati pazomera zam'nyanja.
Nthawi yokwanira kutentha kotentha, komwe ndi madigiri 27-28, ndi maola 20-23. Nsomba zansangala sizobereka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Ambiri mwa mazira ndi 3.5-5 zikwi. Mwachangu amawoneka m'mazira, omwe amakula mwachangu, amakula ndikufanana ndi akulu. M'madera a aquarium, nsomba sizimakonda kuweta. Kangapo konse adayesa kuwabereka pamtundu wamafakitale, koma zoyesayesazo sizinaphule kanthu. M'mayiko ena, minda yapadera idapangidwa pomwe ma clown amakulira ndikuleredwa.
Adani achilengedwe omenyana
Chithunzi: Botia amasewera m'madzi
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimakhala ndi adani omwe safuna kudya nsomba zowala, zowala. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama zolusa zomwe ndizokulirapo kuposa nkhondo zankhanza. Nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi mbalame zam'madzi. Komabe, nsomba zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira - mitsempha yakuthwa. Pakakhala ngozi, nsombayo imatulutsa minga, zomwe zitha kuvulaza chilombocho. Milandu imafotokozedwa pomwe mbalame zinafa chifukwa chonunkha m'mimba zikabayidwa ndi minga yakuthwa kwa nsomba.
Nsomba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chamoyo chokwanira chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika, bola ngati zisamalidwa bwino ndikukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Komabe, pali matenda angapo omwe amatha kupha nsomba.
Matenda akumenyana:
- mafangasi matenda;
- kugonjetsedwa ndi helminths;
- matenda a bakiteriya;
- ichthyophthiriosis.
Zizindikiro za matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri - ichthyophthyriosis ndizowoneka pamwamba pa thupi loyera loyera lofanana ndi semolina. Nsombazo zimayamba kukanda miyala, nthaka ndi mapiri osiyanasiyana. Ndiwotopetsa komanso samachita chilichonse.
Ngati simusamala zisonyezo ndipo simuthandizira nzika za m'nyanjayi, atha kufa. Chithandizo chimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya hyperthermia - kukwera pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha kwa madzi mumtsinje wa aquarium mpaka madigiri 30. Munthawi yamankhwala, amafunika kusintha madzi nthawi zambiri ndikuchita aeration.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Clown yolimbana ndi nsomba
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nkhondo zoseketsa sikuli pachiwopsezo. Ngakhale kuti siobereka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwawo sikudetsa nkhawa. Nsomba zimapezeka m'madzi ambiri. Chifukwa chakuti apanga khungu ndi matumbo kupuma, atha kukhala m'madzi osapindulitsa ndi mpweya. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimakhalabe chosasunthika chifukwa chakusowa koseketsa kwa anthu omangidwa.
Amatha kukhala omasuka m'madzi odetsedwa. Nsomba sizivutika ndi izi. M'mayiko ena, kuli minda yapadera momwe nsomba zimakwezedwa ndikuleredwa mwachinyengo. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kubala m'malo opangira, akatswiri a zamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Chinanso chomwe chiwerengero cha oimirawa sichimavutika ndikulimbana kwa thupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. M'madera ena, makamaka nthawi yopanga nsomba, nsomba zimagwidwa pamalonda. Komabe, kutchera kotereku sikukhudza kwenikweni kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Woseketsa Botia ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri kwa ziweto zam'madzi za m'madzi. Mukawapangira malo okhala abwino ndikuwasamalira moyenera, adzakupatsani chisangalalo chochuluka.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 23.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/29/2019 ku 19:21
