Zowonadi ambiri amva za nyama yapadera ngati Satana waku Tasmanian... Dzina lake lachinsinsi, lowopsa komanso lowopsa limadzilankhulira lokha. Amakhala moyo wamtundu wanji? Kodi ali ndi zizolowezi zotani? Kodi khalidwe lake ndi loipadi komanso lauchiwanda? Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa zonsezi ndikumvetsetsa ngati nyama yachilendoyi imalungamitsa dzina lake losasangalatsa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: satana waku Tasmanian
Mdyerekezi waku Tasmania amatchedwanso satana wamatsenga. Nyama imeneyi ndi ya banja la nyama zakutchire komanso mtundu wa ziwanda zam'madzi (Sarcophilus), yomwe ndi yoyimira yokha. Funso limadzuka mwadzidzidzi: "Chifukwa chiyani chirombo ichi chidayenera dzina lopanda tsankho?" Chifukwa chake adatchulidwa koyamba ndi atsamunda omwe adafika ku Tasmania kuchokera ku Europe. Nyamayo idawawopseza ndi kulira kwawo kopweteketsa mtima, kwadziko lapansi komanso kowopsa, ndichifukwa chake adalandira dzina lakutchulidoli ndipo, monga zidadziwika pambuyo pake, pazifukwa zomveka. Mkwiyo wa mdierekezi ndiowopsa, ndipo mkamwa waukulu wokhala ndi zipsera zakuthwa ndi utoto wakuda wa malaya umangolimbikitsa malingaliro a anthu za iye. Dzinalo la genus limamasuliridwa mchilatini kuti "wokonda thupi."
Kanema: Mdyerekezi waku Tasmanian
Mwambiri, ndikuphunzira mozama komanso kusanthula kwamitundu yambiri, zidapezeka kuti abale apamtima a mdierekezi ndi marsupial martens (quolls), ndipo pali ubale wina wakutali kwambiri ndi ma thylacins (marsupial mimbulu), omwe tsopano atha. Nyama iyi idafotokozedwa koyamba mwasayansi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndipo mu 1841 nyamayo idalandira dzina lake pano ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala nyama yokhayo yoyimira banja la opha nyama ku Australia.
Chosangalatsa: Mdyerekezi waku Tasmania adadziwika kuti ndiye mdani wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, izi zatsimikiziridwa mwalamulo.
Kukula kwa mdierekezi wamatsenga ndikofanana ndi ka galu kakang'ono, kutalika kwa nyama kumakhala masentimita 24 mpaka 30, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 50 mpaka 80, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasiyana makilogalamu 10 mpaka 12. Kunja, mdierekezi alidi wofanana ndi galu kapena chimbalangondo chaching'ono, kudula kwa maso ndi mphuno kumafanana ndi koala. Mwambiri, poyang'ana mawonekedwe oterewa, mantha samachitika, koma, m'malo mwake, kwa ambiri amatha kuwoneka osangalala, okongola komanso okongola.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Tasmanian Devil
Chilichonse ndichachidziwikire ndi kukula kwa satana wam'madzi, koma tiyenera kudziwa kuti chachikazi ndichaching'ono kwambiri kuposa chachimuna. Amadziwikanso ndi kupezeka kwa thumba lachikopa, lomwe limatseguka ndipo lili ndi nsonga zinayi zobisika. Mwambiri, chilombocho chimakhala cholimba komanso chokwanira. Zikuwoneka kuti ndiwosokonekera komanso wosakhazikika, koma sizili choncho konse, mdierekezi ndi wolimba kwambiri, wamphamvu komanso waminyewa. Miyendo ya nyama siyitali, kutalika kwa zikhomo zakumaso kumapitilira pang'ono kunkhondoko, zomwe sizachilendo kwa marsupials. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya mdierekezi ili ndi zala zisanu, chala chimodzi chili patali ndi chimzake, kotero kuti ndikosavuta kugwira nyama. Chala choyamba chakumapazi kulibe, ndipo zikhadabo zakuthwa ndi zamphamvu za nyamayo zimang'amba thupi mwaluso.
Poyerekeza ndi thupi lonse, mutu ndi wokulirapo, uli ndi pakamwa pakhungu pang'ono komanso maso akuda akuda. Makutu a nyamayo ndi ozungulira komanso osamalika bwino, amayang'ana mtundu wawo wapinki motsata wakuda. Ma vibrissae owoneka bwino komanso ataliatali amayang'ana nkhope ya mdierekezi, chifukwa chake fungo la nyamayo ndilabwino kwambiri. Chovala cha mdierekezi wa marsupial ndi chachifupi komanso chakuda, kokha m'chigawo cha sternum ndipo pamwamba pa mchira pali mabala oyera oblong owoneka bwino, mabala oyera oyera amathanso kuwonekera m'mbali.
Chosangalatsa: Mkhalidwe wa mchira wa mdierekezi umawonetsa thanzi la nyama. Mchira umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungira mafuta. Ngati ali ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso atavala mkanjo wakuda wakuda, ndiye kuti chinyama chimamva bwino.
Osati pachabe kuti marsupial mdierekezi ali ndi mutu waukulu, chifukwa ali nsagwada bwino ndi wamphamvu, amene amachita ngati chida odana ndi wosagonjetseka. Kulumwa kamodzi kokha kwauchiwanda kumaboola msana kapena chigaza cha wovulalayo. Ma molars, ngati miyala yamiyala, amathyola mafupa akuluakulu.
Kodi satana waku Tasmania amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tasmanian satana mwachilengedwe
Tikayang'ana dzina la chilombocho, sizovuta kumvetsetsa komwe ili ndi nyumba yokhazikika. Mdyerekezi wamatsenga amakhala pachilumba cha Tasmania, i.e. ndizosatheka kukumana naye mwachilengedwe kwina kulikonse kupatula malo ano. M'mbuyomu, chilombocho chimakhala ku kontrakitala ya Australia ndipo chinali chofala kwambiri kumeneko, ndi momwe zidalili zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, tsopano ku Australia palibenso zochitika zina zapadera, zinthu zingapo zoyipa zomwe zapangitsa kuti izi zitheke.
Choyamba, vuto lakusowa kwa satana waku Tasmanian ndikutumiza kwa galu wamtchire ku Australia, yemwe adayamba kusaka mwamphamvu nyama yolusa ya marsupial, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri anthu ake. Kachiwiri, anthu adayamba kuwononga mdierekezi mwankhanza chifukwa cha ziwopsezo zomwe adazunzapo zisa za nkhuku komanso zigawenga zankhosa. Chifukwa chake satana wa marsupial adathetsedweratu, ndipo adasowa mdziko la Australia. Ndibwino kuti panthaka ya Tasmania analibe nthawi yoti awononge, koma atazindikira, adakhazikitsa lamulo lomwe limakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kusaka nyama iliyonse yapaderayi.
Pakadali pano, nyama zimakonda kukhala kumpoto, kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Tasmania, kukhala kutali ndi munthu amene amakhala pachiwopsezo.
Nyama zimakonda:
- nkhalango;
- gawo la msipu wa nkhosa;
- chipululu;
- mapiri.
Kodi satana waku Tasmania amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mdyerekezi waku Tasmanian ku Australia
Ziwanda za ku Tasmania zimakonda kwambiri chakudya komanso kususuka kwambiri. Nthawi imodzi, amadya chakudya chomwe chimapanga magawo khumi ndi asanu peresenti ya kulemera kwawo, ndipo ngati atamva njala kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kumeneku kumatha kufikira makumi anayi.
Zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala:
- nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono;
- abuluzi;
- njoka;
- mbalame;
- achule;
- mitundu yonse ya tizilombo;
- makoswe;
- nkhanu;
- nsomba;
- zovunda.
Ponena za njira zosakira, mdierekezi amagwiritsa ntchito njira yopanda mavuto yoluma chigaza kapena msana, zomwe zimalepheretsa wozunzidwayo. Ziwanda zazing'ono zimatha kupirira nyama zazikulu, koma zofooka kapena zodwala. Nthawi zambiri amapyola nkhosa ndi ng'ombe, kuwulula kulumikizana kofooka. Maso akuthwa ndi kununkhira kumatenga chilichonse mozungulira, chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri kufunafuna chakudya.
Nyama zimakopa nyama ndi kununkhiza kwake, nyama zambiri zam'madzi zimakumana pamtembo waukulu, pakati pake pamakhala zolimba zamagazi nthawi zambiri chifukwa chazolembazo. Pamadyerero, kulira kwamtchire komanso kwamphamvu kwa ziwanda kumamveka kulikonse, kupha mitembo yayikulu. Pafupifupi chilichonse chatsalira kuchokera pachakudya chamadzulo, osati nyama yokhayo yomwe imadyedwa, komanso khungu limodzi ndi ubweya, zamkati zonse komanso mafupa.
Chosangalatsa: Ziwanda ndizodzichepetsa kwambiri komanso ndizosankha pazakudya, chifukwa chake, pamodzi ndi zovunda, amatha kudya zingwe zake, nsalu, zikwangwani zapulasitiki zomwe zimayang'ana ng'ombe ndi nkhosa, makola.
Ziwanda za ku Tasmania zimakonda kudya akalulu amtchire, ma kangaroo aang'ono, makoswe a kangaroo, wombat, wallabies. Achifwamba amatha kutenga chakudya kuchokera ku marsupial marten, amadya zotsalira za nyama zazikuluzikulu, amatha kukwera mitengo ndi miyala, komwe amawononga zisa za mbalame. Chakudya chochokera kuzomera chimapezekanso pamndandanda wa mdierekezi, nyama zimatha kudya zipatso, mizu ndi ma tubers azomera zina, ndipo sizingakane zipatso zowutsa mudyo. Chakudya chikasowa, ziwanda zimapulumutsidwa ndi malo osungira mchira azakudya ndi mafuta.
Chosangalatsa: M'nthawi yovuta, yanjala, mdierekezi wa marsupial amatha kudya mchimwene wake wofooka, chifukwa chake kudya anzawo pakati pawo kumachitika.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: satana waku Tasmanian wochokera ku Red Book
Marsupial satana amakonda kukhala payekhapayekha ndipo samangirizidwa kudera linalake, malo ake atha kukhala pakati pa abale ena, mikangano yapamtunda yazachilengedwe mwa ziweto izi sizichitika, mikangano yonse imachitika chifukwa chakunyamula nyama yayikulu, kapena chifukwa cha kugonana kokongola kwa mdierekezi. Ma Marsupial amakhala otakataka usiku, ndipo masana amabisala m'malo awo, omwe amawakonzera m'mapanga, maenje otsika, tchire lolimba, mabowo. Pazifukwa zachitetezo, pali nyumba zingapo zobisika nthawi imodzi, ndiye nthawi zambiri zimapita kwa ana.
Monga tanena kale, mdierekezi wa marsupial ali ndi vuto lakumva, kuwona komanso kununkhiza, amatha kusambira bwino kwambiri, koma amangoyankha ngati pakufunika kutero. Achinyamata amatha kugonjetsa nsonga za mitengo, zomwe achikulire sangathe. Nthawi ya njala, kuthekera koteroko kukwera korona wamtengo kumapulumutsa nyama zazing'ono kuchokera kwa akulu amtundu anzawo.
Ziwanda za Marsupial ndizoyera zaukhondo, zimatha kunyambita kwa maola ambiri kuti pasakhale fungo lachilendo lomwe limasokoneza kusaka. Zinadziwika kuti nyamazo zimakupinda kutsogolo kwawo mofanana ndi ladle kuti zitunge madzi ndikusamba nkhope ndi mabere awo; njira zamadzi zoterezi m'zinyama zimachitika nthawi zonse.
Nyama zimawonetsa ukali wapadera, kupsa mtima komanso kusalimba zikafika pangozi kapena, motsutsana, zimaukira. Khalidwe la nyamazo ndilopanda malire komanso lodyera nyama, ndipo kutulutsa kwawo mawu kumakupangitsani mantha. Kuchokera kunyamazo, mutha kumva kulira, ndi kutsokomola, ndikumveka kwamphamvu kwa ziwanda, ndikufuula kopweteka komwe kumamveka makilomita ambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Akatswiri a Zoologist adalemba mitundu 20 yazizindikiro zomvekedwa ndi ziwanda zaku Tasmania.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Tasmanian Devil Cub
Ziwanda zakugonana zaku Tasmania zimayandikira zaka ziwiri. Ndipo nyengo yawo yokwatirana imagwera pa Marichi kapena Epulo. Pamene mgwirizano wakanthawi kochepa ukupangidwa, palibe fungo la chibwenzi pano, nyama zimakhala zokwiya kwambiri komanso zosasangalatsa. Mikangano nthawi zambiri imabuka pakati pa amuna. Pambuyo pophatikizana, mkazi wokwiya nthawi yomweyo amatsogolera njondayo kunyumba kuti akonzekere kubereka yekha.
Chosangalatsa: Asayansi apeza kuti posachedwa ziwanda zamatsenga zimayamba kuswana chaka chonse, zikuwoneka kuti ndi momwe nyama zimayesera kudzaza magulu awo ochepa.
Nthawi yobereka imakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu, mu zinyalala mumakhala zinyenyeswazi pafupifupi makumi atatu, zomwe kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi zipatso za chitumbuwa. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, amalowa mchikwama cha amayi, atagwira paubweya ndikukwawa mkati.
Kutyats amabadwa osati owonera tinthu ting'onoting'ono tokha, koma akhungu komanso amaliseche, pokhapokha atakwanitsa miyezi itatu amayamba kuwona ndikupeza malaya akuda, ndipo atakwanitsa miyezi inayi amayamba kutuluka mchikwama, ndiye kuti kulemera kwawo kumafika magalamu mazana awiri. Mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa, mayiyo amawadyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere, kenako amasinthana ndi zakudya za akulu. Mu Disembala, achichepere amapeza ufulu wonse, kusiya munthu wamkulu komanso moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Tisaiwale kuti nthawi ya moyo wa mdierekezi ndi pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu.
Adani achilengedwe a ziwanda za ku Tasmania
Chithunzi: Tasmanian satana mwachilengedwe
Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa chaukali wake komanso malingaliro ake olimbana, satana wamatsenga alibe adani ambiri m'malo achilengedwe.
Anthu osafunafunawa ndi awa:
- agalu a dingo;
- nkhandwe;
- ziphuphu;
- mbalame zodya nyama.
Ponena za mbalame, zimawopsyeza nyama zazing'ono zokha, sizingagonjetse satana wamkulu. Nkhandweyo idadziwitsidwa ku Tasmania mosaloledwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo idakhala wopikisana nayo pachakudya ndi mdani wa mdierekezi. Kuchokera ku dingo, nyamayo idasamukira kukakhala m'malo omwe agalu sakhala omasuka. Mdyerekezi wooneka ngati waulesi marsupial munthawi zowopsa mwachangu amasonkhana ndikusandulika nyama yolimba, yolimba komanso yodekha yomwe imatha kufikira liwiro la makilomita 13 pa ola limodzi. Tasmanian ilinso ndi njira ina yodzitetezera - ichi ndi chinsinsi cha fetid chomwe chimabisidwa panthawi yamantha, kununkhira uku ndikokulirapo kwambiri komanso kununkhiza kuposa kwamakutu. Ziwanda za Marsupial zimakhala adani awo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri, ndikusowa chakudya, anthu okhwima amadya nyama zazing'ono.
Zowononga za Marsupial zimadwalanso ndi matenda owopsa omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa nkhope, ndi osachiritsika ndipo miliri yake imabwerezedwa pafupipafupi zaka 77 zilizonse, ndikuchotsa miyoyo yambiri yauchiwanda. Asayansi sanadziwebe chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika.
Munthu amathanso kuwerengedwa pakati pa adani a mdierekezi wa marsupial, chifukwa ndi chifukwa cha iye kuti nzika zodabwitsa zaku Tasmania zatsala pang'ono kutha pankhope ya dziko lapansi. Zachidziwikire, tsopano nyama iyi ndiyotetezedwa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwake kwawonjezeka pang'ono ndipo kwakhazikika, koma, chimodzimodzi, ziwetozo zinawonongeka kwambiri m'manja mwa anthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mdyerekezi waku Tasmanian ku Australia
Monga tanenera kale, mdierekezi wa marsupial, yemwe adafalikira ku Australia konse, adasowa kwathunthu ku kontinentiyi, kutsalira pachilumba cha Tasmania. Chiweto cha chilumbachi chatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhanza komanso zochita za anthu mopupuluma, kotero akuluakulu aku Australia ku 1941 adakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kusaka nyama iyi. Kuphulika kwa miliri yowopsa, zomwe zoyambitsa zake sizinafotokozeredwe, zidapha miyoyo yambiri ya ziwanda za ku Tasmania, chiwerengero chomaliza chomaliza chidachitika mu 1995, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa satana ndi magawo makumi asanu ndi atatu peresenti, mliriwo usanachitike mu 1950.
Chosangalatsa: Chachikazi chimangokhala ndi mawere anayi okha, motero kachigawo kakang'ono kokha ka mwanayo ndiko kamapulumuka, kena kamene amadya yekha, kotero kusankha kwachilengedwe kumayang'anira.
Chiweto cha ziweto za Tasmanian satana lero sichingakhale chochepa, koma njira zodzitetezera zakhala ndi mphamvu zake, chifukwa chake pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono, koma ziweto zake zawonjezeka ndikukhazikika, zomwe ndizochepa, koma zotonthoza. Ngati m'mbuyomu nyama zamtunduwu zimawerengedwa kuti zili pachiwopsezo, tsopano mabungwe azachilengedwe akufuna kuti azikhala pachiwopsezo. Vutoli silinathetsedwe pamapeto pake, koma chinthu chimodzi ndichachidziwikire - chinyama ichi chikufunikirabe chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chake tiyenera kuyisamalira mosamala, ndipo ndibwino kuti tisasokoneze moyo wa mdierekezi wakuthengo konse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Marsupial satana amakhala ndi mbiri yakuluma kwake, komwe, poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwake kwa thupi, kumawerengedwa kuti ndiko kwamphamvu kwambiri pa zinyama zonse.
Atsogoleri a ziwanda aku Tasmanian amateteza
Chithunzi: satana waku Tasmanian wochokera ku Red Book
Chiwerengero cha ziwanda za ku Tasmania chidakali chochepa, ngakhale chakhala chokhazikika pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Kuletsa kusaka kosamalitsa komanso kuletsa kutumiza nyama zodabwitsazi kwakhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino. Poyamba, ziweto zambiri zidawonongedwa ndi munthu chifukwa choti satana adaukira ziweto. Kenako anthu adayamba kudya nyama yake, yomwe amawakondanso, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa nyama zidachepa kwambiri, ndipo zidasowa kwathunthu ku kontinenti ya Australia.
Tsopano, chifukwa cha njira zodzitetezera ndi malamulo angapo, kusaka nyama zam'madzi sikuchitika, ndipo ndikosaloledwa kutulutsa pachilumbachi. Mmodzi mwa adani owopsa a marsupial satana ndi matenda owopsa, omwe palibe mankhwala omwe apezekabe.Khansa yoyipa iyi yachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama pafupifupi theka pazaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Mdyerekezi waku Tasmanian adalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse lapansi. Ladziwika kuti lakhala pachiwopsezo ndi akuluakulu aku Australia. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa mu 2006, ziweto zinali 80,000 zokha, ngakhale mzaka za m'ma 90 zapitazo zidalipo pafupifupi 140,000. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha khansa yoopsa komanso yopatsirana. Akatswiri a zinyama akuchenjeza anthu, komabe sangathe kulimbana ndi matendawa. Njira imodzi yodzitetezera ndikupanga madera akutali komwe nyama zopanda kachilombo zimasamutsidwa; zinyama zina zidatengedwa kupita ku Australia komweko. Tikuyembekezerabe kuti chifukwa cha matenda owopsawa apezeka, ndipo koposa zonse, kuti anthu apeza njira zabwino zothanirana nawo.
Pamapeto pake ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi Satana waku Tasmanian ndizodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zapadera pamtundu wake, kafukufuku wake akupitilizabe, chifukwa zimayambitsa chidwi chomwe sichinachitikepo, pakati pa asayansi komanso anthu wamba. Marsupial satana amatha kutchedwa chimodzi mwazizindikiro zadziko la Australia. Ngakhale kuti ndi yoopsa komanso yamkwiyo, nyamayo ndi yokongola mwa satana komanso yabwino, yatchuka kwambiri komanso kukondedwa pakati pa alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 20.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/26/2019 pa 9:22
