Chimon Wachirawit

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Ndani iye okoma mtima, mwina asodzi onse amadziwa. Ndi mtundu wina wa nyongolotsi womwe umakhala m'mphepete mwa mchenga. Izi ndi zomwe zimafotokoza dzina lawo. Mphutsi zamtunduwu zimakonda kudzikwilira mumchenga wothira madzi ndi silt ndikukhala pamenepo pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Tizilombo timakumba mchenga pafupifupi pafupipafupi. Mumchenga kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe amakhala, mutha kupeza ma tunnel ambiri omwe adakumba nawo. Mtundu uwu wa mphutsi ndiwodziwika kwambiri pakati pa anglers, chifukwa umakopa mitundu yambiri ya nsomba.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Peskozhil

Peskozhil ndi woimira mtundu wa annelids, kalasi ya polychaete nyongolotsi, banja la masangweji, mtundu wa masangwere am'nyanja. Pali mitundu ingapo yamtundu wa mphutsi. Mmodzi wa iwo akuti adachokera kumadera osiyanasiyana. Mtundu wina umanena kuti ma annelids adachokera ku ziphuphu zamoyo zaulere. Pochirikiza mtundu uwu, asayansi amatcha kupezeka kwa cilia m'thupi la mphutsi.

Kanema: Peskozhil

Zinali nyongolotsi zomwe zidakhala zolengedwa zoyambirira padziko lapansi kukhala ndi ziwalo zokula bwino, zamagulu angapo. Makolo akale a nyongolotsi zamakono adachokera kunyanja ndipo amawoneka ngati misa yofanana, yofanana ndi miyala. Zamoyozi zimatha kukula, kuberekana pogwiritsira ntchito kuthekera kwakeko ndi kutengera zakudya m'dera lawo.

Asayansi ali ndi lingaliro lina la chiyambi cha ma annelids. Amatha kubwera kuchokera kuzinyama zomwe, popanga chidziwitso chodziteteza, adaphunzira kukwawa, ndipo thupi lawo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a fusiform okhala ndi matupi awiri ogwira ntchito, komanso mbali zammbali ndi zam'mbali. Peskozhil ndi wokhala m'madzi wokha, omwe makolo awo, pakusintha, amafalikira kudera lonse lapansi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Sandworm

Mtundu uwu wa nyongolotsi ndi wa zolengedwa zazikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumapitilira masentimita 25, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 0,9-13. Nyongolotsi zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zimatengera dera lokhalamo:

  • chofiira;
  • zobiriwira;
  • wachikasu;
  • bulauni.

Thupi la cholengedwa ichi lidagawika magawo atatu:

  • gawo lakunja nthawi zambiri limakhala lofiirira. Alibe ziphuphu;
  • gawo lapakati ndilowala kuposa kutsogolo;
  • kumbuyo kuli mdima, pafupifupi kofiirira. Ili ndi ma setae angapo komanso timitsempha tomwe timagwira ntchito yopuma.

Dongosolo loyenda la khungu la mchenga limaimiridwa ndi zotengera ziwiri zikuluzikulu: chakumtunda ndi m'mimba. Ili ndi mtundu wotsekedwa. Mwazi umadzazidwa mokwanira ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo, chifukwa chake zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira. Kuyenda kwa magazi kumaperekedwa ndikutulutsa kwa chotengera chakumapazi, komanso pamimba pang'ono. Mtundu uwu wa nyongolotsi umasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu yotukuka kwambiri. Oimira gulu la nyongolotsi yama polychaete amayenda mwakachetechete pakukankhira zomwe zili m'thupi kuchokera kumapeto ena a thupi kupita mbali inayo.

Thupi limagawika m'magulu. Zonsezi, thupi la nyongolotsi wamkulu lagawidwa m'magulu 10-12. Mwakuwoneka, amafanana kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi wamba. Mitundu yonse iwiri imakhala nthawi yayitali m'nthaka.

Kodi masangwezi amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Nyongolotsi ya nyongolotsi

Peskozhil ndi wokhala m'madzi okhaokha. Amatha kuwonedwa nthawi zambiri m'mitsinje yam'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo osungira, kapena malo am'madzi.

Madera a m'deralo:

  • Nyanja Yakuda;
  • Nyanja ya Barents;
  • Nyanja Yoyera.

Monga malo, ziphuphu zimasankha malo okhala ndi madzi amchere. Amakhala makamaka kunyanja. Kunja, m'malo okhala nyongolotsi, mutha kuwona mphete zamchenga zosuntha zomwe zili pafupi ndi zingwe za mchenga. Mulibe mpweya mumchenga wam'madzi, chifukwa chake nyongolotsi zimapuma mpweya, womwe umasungunuka m'madzi. Kuti achite izi, amakwera pamwamba pa nyumba zawo zamatumba. Ambiri mwa anthu awa oimira zomera ndi zinyama amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndi m'dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja kwa iwo zinthu zabwino kwambiri. M'madera ena, pali masango akuluakulu, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kupitilira makumi angapo kapena ngakhale mazana masauzande pa mita mita iliyonse.

Zilombozi zimakhala m'mabowo, momwe amadzipangira okha. Mwachilengedwe, nyongolotsi zimapatsidwa mphamvu zotulutsa zinthu zomata mothandizidwa ndi ma gland apadera. Kutha kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wolumikiza ndikukhomerera mchenga womwe mchengawo umadutsamo. Pamapeto pake, amakhala makoma a nyumbayi, kapena dzenje. Dzenje limakhala ndi chubu chowoneka ngati chilembo L. Kutalika kwa chubu kapena ngalande koteroko kumakhala pafupifupi 20-30 sentimita.

M'mapaipi awa, mitsempha yamchenga nthawi zina imakhala nthawi yayitali osatuluka. Asayansi akuti nyongolotsi sizimatha kuchoka pogona kwa miyezi ingapo. Pakadali pano zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kawiri patsiku kumalo othawirako ndi masangweji. Ndi mabowo awa omwe ndi chitetezo chachikulu kwa adani ambiri. Nthawi zambiri nyengo yotentha, ikadutsa mdima, amatha kupezeka muudzu pafupi ndi maenje awo. Ngati pali miyala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndiye kuti kuwonanso kwakukulu kumatha kuwonedwa pansi pawo.

Tsopano mukudziwa kumene mbozi imakhalako. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.

Kodi masangweji amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mchenga wam'nyanja

Chakudya chachikulu chimakonzedwa, ndere zowola ndi mitundu ina ya zomera zam'madzi, zomwe mitsempha yamchenga imadutsa mthupi lawo panthawi yokumba ma tunnel. Pakukumba ma tunnel, nthumwi za bristle zimameza mchenga wamchere wambiri, womwe, kuwonjezera pa mchenga womwewo, uli ndi detritus.

Detritus ndiye mankhwala omwe mbozi zimadyetsa. Mukameza, misa yonse imadutsa mthupi la masangweji. Detritus imakumbidwa ndipo mchenga umatulutsidwa ndi matumbo ngati chimbudzi. Pofuna kutulutsa zinyalala komanso mchenga wosagundika, imatulutsa mchira wa thupi kumtunda kuchokera pogona.

M'madera osiyanasiyana okhalamo mphutsi, nthaka yosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi matope komanso matope. Ndi m'nthaka momwemo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa michere. Zilombozi zikadapanda kumeza mchenga wochuluka chonchi, sizikanatha kusiyanitsa zomerazi ndi moyo wake mosavuta. Njira yodyera nyongolotsi imakonzedwa ngati mtundu wa zosefera zomwe zimasiyanitsa mchenga wosafunikira ndi michere.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Sandworm

Masangweji nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali pamunda wawung'ono kwambiri chimafika modabwitsa m'madera ena. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mabowo awo okhala ngati chubu. Ngati nsomba yayamba kusaka nthumwi yopatsidwa kwa nyama ndi nyama zam'madzi, imamatira kukhoma logona mothandizidwa ndi ziphuphu. Mwachilengedwe, ziphuphu zimapatsidwa luso lodabwitsa lodzitetezera. Mukamugwira kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo, amaponyera gawo ili kumbuyo ndikubisala. Pambuyo pake, gawo lotayika limabwezeretsedwanso.

Mvula yam'mimba yambiri imasiya ngalande zawo pamadzi osefukira. Nyongolotsi zimayendetsa moyo wawo mobwerezabwereza, mosalekeza zikukumba ngalande mumchenga wanyanja. Pakukonza, nyongolotsi zimameza mchenga wambiri, womwe umadutsa mthupi lawo lonse. Mchenga wobwezerezedwanso umatulutsidwa m'matumbo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake m'malo omwe nyongolotsi idakumba ngalande, mapangidwe amchenga amapangidwa ngati zigwa kapena mapiri. Apa ndipomwe zomera zam'madzi zimalowa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Chosangalatsa: Asayansi adachita kafukufuku, pomwe adatha kudziwa kuti pafupifupi matani 15 a mchenga wanyanja patsiku amadutsa m'matumbo a munthu m'modzi!

Chifukwa cha zinthu zobisika zomwe zimabisala, zimatha kupewa kuwonongeka kwa makoma am'mimba. Ali mumchenga, ziphuphu zimadzipatsa chakudya ndi chitetezo ku adani ambiri.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Big Peskozhil

Mitsempha yamchenga ndi zolengedwa za dioecious. Chilengedwe chimakonzedwa kotero kuti nyongolotsi, zomwe zili ndi adani ambiri, zimatha kubereka popanda kukondera anthu. Pachifukwa ichi, kuswana kumachitika m'madzi. Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, misozi yaying'ono imapangidwa pathupi la mphutsi, momwe mazira ndi umuna zimatulutsira m'madzi, zomwe zimakhala pansi panyanja.

Mayeso ndi thumba losunga mazira amapezeka m'magawo ambiri amitsempha yamchenga. Kuti umuna uchitike, ndikofunikira kuti maselo amtundu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amasulidwe nthawi yomweyo. Kenako amakhala pansi panyanja ndipo umuna umachitika.

Nthawi yoberekera imayamba koyambirira kapena mkatikati mwa Okutobala ndipo imakhala pafupifupi masabata 2-2.5. Pambuyo pa umuna, mphutsi zimapezeka m'mazira, omwe amakula msanga ndikusanduka achikulire. Pafupifupi kuyambira masiku oyamba a moyo, iwo, monga akulu, amayamba kukumba ngalande, yomwe imakhala chitetezo chodalirika kwa adani achilengedwe. Kutalika kwa moyo wamitsempha yamchenga ndi zaka 5-6.

Adani achilengedwe a masangwere

Chithunzi: Nyongolotsi ya nyongolotsi

Mwachilengedwe, nyongolotsi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri.

Adani amchenga omwe amakhala kuthengo:

  • mitundu ina ya mbalame, nthawi zambiri gulls kapena mitundu ina ya mbalame zam'nyanja;
  • echinoderms;
  • nkhanu;
  • nkhono zina;
  • mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono (cod, navaga).

Nsomba zambiri zimakonda kudya nyongolotsi. Iwo amatenga mphindi pamene gawo lina la mchenga limawonekera pansi mu mawonekedwe a chigwacho ndipo nthaŵi yomweyo limagwira nyongolotsiyo. Komabe, izi sizovuta kwenikweni. Mothandizidwa ndi kulimba kolimba, imamangiririka pamakoma a ngalande yake. Nthawi zambiri, nyongolotsi zimatha kukhazikika mbali ina ya thupi lawo. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, mbalame ndi nyama zakutchire zimasaka nyongolotsi m'madzi osaya kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa okonda kusodza.

Munthu amasaka nyongolotsi osati monga nyambo yosodza bwino. Posachedwa, asayansi apeza kuti thupi lake lili ndi chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa antimicrobial athari. Pankhaniyi, lero ndi chinthu cha maphunziro ambiri ndikuyesera kuigwiritsa ntchito mu mankhwala ndi mankhwala odzola.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Peskozhil mwachilengedwe

M'madera ena, mitsempha ya mchenga ndi yochuluka kwambiri. Chiwerengero chawo chimafika anthu 270,000 - 300,000 pa mita mita imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi achonde kwambiri.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Asayansi apeza kuti munyengo yoswana, mazira pafupifupi 1,000,000 amatha kukula mthupi la munthu m'modzi wamkulu!

Ambiri nyongolotsi kufa chifukwa cha kusaka bwino mbalame, nsomba, echinoderms, ndi nkhanu. Mdani wina amene amagwira nyongolotsi zambiri ndi anthu. Ndi mphutsi zomwe zimasamalidwa kwambiri ndi asodzi chifukwa choti nsomba zambiri zimakonda kudya.

Amaganiziranso za kusintha kwa nyengo. Nyongolotsi zimafa m'midzi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Chimon Wachirawit ili ndi mawonekedwe okumbutsa bwino za annelids. Amakhala ofanana kwambiri, osati m'mawonekedwe okha, komanso m'moyo wawo. Asodzi nthawi zambiri amabwera pagombe kudzatenga nyongolotsi zoterezi. Amadziwa bwino momwe angakumbire ndikusunga moyenera kuti kusodza kuyende bwino.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 20.07.2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/26/2019 pa 9:16

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