Ulesi amadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha dzina lake. Amakhala kutali kwambiri ku South America, samawonedwa kawirikawiri kumalo osungira nyama, koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe sanamvepo za nyamazi zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizopusa kuposa zonse. Amakhala ochedwa kwambiri, koma osati chifukwa cha ulesi, koma chifukwa ali ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe ka thupi sikuwalola kuti akhale achangu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sloth
Sloths amapanga gawo lonse la Folivora, lomwe ndi la dongosolo lokonda kudya. Mabanja awiri apulumuka mpaka lero: ma sloth atatu kapena Bradypodidae, ofotokozedwa ndi D. Gray mu 1821; ma sloth awiri, nawonso ndi Megalonychidae - adafotokozedwa ndi P. Gervais mu 1855.
Poyamba, asayansi ankawaona ngati abale apamtima - pambuyo pake, kunja kwake ndi ofanana. Koma kunapezeka kuti ichi ndi chitsanzo cha kusintha kosinthika - ngakhale ali amtundu womwewo, siogwirizana wina ndi mnzake monga malo owonera, ndipo makolo awo anali osiyana kwambiri. Agogo oyandikana kwambiri a timapazi ta zala ziwiri nthawi zambiri anali akulu kukula ndipo amayenda pansi.
Kanema: Ulesi
Mitundu yoyambirira modabwitsa idachokera ku Cretaceous ndipo idapulumuka chiwonongeko chachikulu chomwe chidawonetsa kutha kwake. Pambuyo pake, adafika pachimake: zaka 30-40 miliyoni zapitazo, mitundu ya ma sloth yochulukirapo kakhumi inali padziko lapansi kuposa momwe ilili masiku ano, ndipo yayikulu kwambiri mwa iwo inali yofanana ndi njovu.
Iwo ankakhala ku South America panthawiyo, ndipo analibe mpikisano, zomwe zinalola kuti mitundu yatsopano yatsopano ibwere. Koma kenako South America idalumikizana ndi North America - poyamba izi zidawalola kukulitsa kuchuluka kwawo, kusamukira kumeneko, koma, chifukwa cha mpikisano wowonjezereka, mitundu yambiri idayamba kufa.
Njirayi idayamba pafupifupi zaka 12 miliyoni BC, poyamba idakhudza yayikulu kwambiri, kenako yomwe inali yaying'ono pang'ono - ma sloth ena akulu adakwanitsa kugwira munthu, monga zikuwonekera ndi zilembo zochokera pazida zomwe zili pamafupa awo ndi zotsalira za zikopa zosinthidwa. Zotsatira zake, ndi ochepa okha mwa iwo omwe adatha kupulumuka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Sloth m'chilengedwe
Kukula, monga zizindikilo zina, kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu, koma osati mopitilira muyeso. Monga lamulo, kutalika kwake ndi 50-60 cm ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 5-6 kg. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira chifukwa cha ndere zomwe zimatha kumera momwemo - izi zimalola kuti ma sloth akhale osawoneka m'masamba ake.
Chovalacho ndi choluka komanso chachitali, mutu wake umadzazidwa kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zina amangowoneka ndi maso. Ma sloth amafanana ndi anyani, komabe, amakhala pachibwenzi chapatali kwambiri ndi iwo, nyama zawo zoyandikana kwambiri ndizosewerera.
Amakhala ndi fungo labwino, koma ichi ndi chida chokhacho chophunzitsidwa bwino - makutu awo ndi masomphenya sizimasiyana pamagetsi. Mano awo alibe mizu, komanso enamel, chifukwa chake amatchedwa osakwanira. Chigaza chili ndi magawo awiri, ubongo umayikidwa chimodzi mwazigawozo, ndizochepa ndipo sakhala ndimagulu angapo.
Amadziwika ndi kapangidwe ka zala - ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi ngowe. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azimva bwino mumitengo, kupatsa anyani mutu poyambira kukwera kwawo - ngakhale sichiliwiro chomwe amachitiramo.
Ma sloth onse amalumikizana ndi zomwe adapatsidwa dzina - kuchepa. Mwa nyama zonse, ndizosathamanga kwambiri, ndipo sizimangoyenda pang'onopang'ono, koma pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zimayesetsa kuyenda pang'ono.
G. Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes, mmodzi mwa oyamba kulemba bwino za Central America, anafotokoza kuti kanyama kameneka ndi konyansa kwambiri ndiponso kopanda ntchito konse komwe anaonapo. Komabe, si aliyense amene angavomereze naye - alendo ambiri opita kumalo osungira nyama amawakonda kwambiri, komanso alendo omwe amawawona m'chilengedwe.
Kodi kanyamaka kamakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Sloth oseketsa
Nyamazi zimakhala ndi kuchepa kwa thupi komanso kutentha kwa thupi, chifukwa chake zimafunikira kutentha ndipo zimangokhala kumadera otentha. Dziko lakwawo ndi South ndi Central America, komwe amakhala kumadera ambiri. Amakhala m'modzi munkhalango zowirira, nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali kwambiri.
Dziko lakumpoto kwambiri komwe kuli malo okhala ndi zala ziwiri ndi Nicaragua, ndipo ma sloth a zala zitatu sapezeka kumpoto kwa Honduras. Kuchokera kumayikowa ndi kumwera, amakhala ku Central America, komanso madera oyandikana ndi gombe lakumpoto la Latin.
Malire akummwera kwa timbalangondo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ali kumpoto kwa Peru. Amakhala ku Colombia ndi Venezuela, kumpoto kwa Brazil. Mitundu ya kanyamaka yokhala ndi zala zitatu ndi yotakata kwambiri, sikuti imangophatikiza maiko omwewo, komanso imafalikira kumwera kwenikweni.
Amapezeka ku Ecuador, ku Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia ndi Uruguay, komanso kumpoto kwa Argentina. Chifukwa chake, amakhala pafupifupi ku South America konse. Ngakhale izi sizikutanthauza kuti pali zochuluka: mkati mwake mungakhale malo ambiri pomwe sipangakhaleko kanyamaka kamodzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chinthu chokha chomwe ma sloth amayenera kutsika pamtengo ndikumayenda m'matumbo. Ngati nyama zina zosachiritsika zimachita izi osagwa, ndiye kuti ma sloth nthawi zonse amapita pansi, ngakhale ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwidwa ndi chilombo panthawiyi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika komweko kumawatengera nthawi yochuluka - ulendo wopita kumeneko ndi kubwerera ukhoza kutenga theka la tsiku mosavuta. Koma nthawi zambiri samatulutsa matumbo awo, kamodzi pa sabata. Pambuyo pake, anakwirira pansi ndowe zawo mosamala.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe sloth amadya. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi sloth amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Sloth ku America
Zosankha zawo zikuphatikizapo:
- masamba ndi maluwa a mitengo;
- zipatso;
- tizilombo;
- zokwawa zazing'ono.
Nthawi zambiri, amadya masamba, ndipo china chilichonse chimangodya zakudya zawo. Amakonda kwambiri cecropia - masamba ake ndi maluwa. M'ndende, ndikofunikira kuwapatsa, chifukwa chake sikovuta kusunga ma sloth m'malo osungira nyama. Amakonda kudya mphukira zazing'ono.
Samasakira buluzi ndi tizilombo, koma ngati atakhala pafupi ndikulola kuti agwidwe, amathanso kudya. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa chakuchedwa kwa ma sloth - nthawi zambiri nyama zimangowapulumuka, chifukwa chake muyenera kupitiriza kutafuna masamba.
Mimba ya ma sloth ndi yovuta ndipo imasinthidwa kuti itenge zakudya zonse zomwe zingalowe. Magawo awo onse ogaya chakudya amakhalanso ovuta, omwe amalipira masamba ochepa masamba. Mabakiteriya a Symbiotic amathandiza kuchepa kwa chimbudzi.
Kugaya kumatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri, nthawi zina kwa milungu ingapo. Izi sizabwino kwenikweni, chifukwa kuposa 65% ya kulemera kwa sloth atha kukhala chakudya chomwe chimakumbidwa m'mimba mwake - ndizovuta kunyamula.
Koma izi zimawalola kuti asadye kwa nthawi yayitali ngati kuli kofunikira - nthawi zambiri nyama zodyera msanga zimayamba kufa ndi njala ndikutha mphamvu, koma izi sizachilendo kuma sloth. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kagayidwe, saopa ziphe zomwe zili m'masamba a mitengo ina m'malo awo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Sloth yaying'ono
Nthawi yakudzuka imasiyana ndi mitundu - mwachitsanzo, ma sloth atatu azala ali tcheru ndipo akufunafuna chakudya masana, koma ma sloth azala awiri, m'malo mwake, amagona masana onse, ndipo pakangofika madzulo amasankha kuti ndi nthawi yoti adye. Nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha ndipo samakumana kawirikawiri ndi obadwa nawo chifukwa choti amasuntha pang'ono.
Koma akakumana, amakhala ochezeka nthawi zonse, amatha kudya mtengo womwewo ndikukhala pafupi kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka masabata. Nthawi yomweyo, samalankhula pang'ono: amakhala chete, ndipo samasintha machitidwe awo - popeza amangokhala tsiku lonse osayenda, amapitilizabe kuchita izi, koma limodzi.
Amakhala oposa theka la tsiku m'maloto, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapachika nthambi ndikuweramitsa mutu. Liwiro la sloth limakhala pafupifupi 3 mita pamphindi, ndipo pansi ndi theka. Akatsikira pansi, mayendedwe ake amakhala oseketsa - zikuwoneka kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti apite ngakhale chopinga chochepa kwambiri.
Amayendanso pamitengo mosiyana ndi nyama zina: mwachitsanzo, nyani amatenga nthambi ndipo amakhala mwamphamvu ndi minofu. Koma kanyamaka kamakhala ndi minyewa, motero sigwiritsitsa nthambi, koma imapachikika - zikhadabo zake ndizopindika ngati ngowe ndipo salola kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Izi zimapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri, koma mutha kungoyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Koma kwa sloth mwiniwake, izi sizosokoneza, kwa iye kuthamanga kwakanthawi ndichizolowezi, chifukwa samachitanso china chilichonse mwachangu: mwachitsanzo, amatafuna chakudya kwanthawi yayitali, amafunikira nthawi yochuluka ngakhale kutembenuza khosi. Mwamwayi, chilengedwe chimamupatsa kuthekera kosinthasintha madigiri a 180.
Moyo waulesi wa sloth umadziwika ndi biology yake: imakhala ndi metabolism yocheperako, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ilibe mphamvu, ndipo kutentha kotsika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 30-32, ndipo nthawi yogona imagwa ndi madigiri ena 6-8. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusunga chilichonse, chomwe thupi lake limathana nacho.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Sloth Baby
Nthawi zambiri ma sloth amangokhala m'modzi m'modzi ndipo amakumana mwamwayi. Ngati wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa tulo tating'onoting'ono atakumana, atha kuyamba kuswana - alibe nyengo yina mchaka choberekera, imatha kuchitika mwezi uliwonse. Kwa agalu amiyendo itatu, zinthu ndizosiyana - nyengo imayamba mu Julayi, pomwe amafunafuna wina ndi mnzake.
Akazi amasamalira ana, koma amuna alibe chidwi ndi iye, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasiya awiriwo asanabadwe. Poyamba, mwana wamphongo amapachika pa mayiyo nthawi zonse ndikudya mkaka wake, ndipo kuyambira mwezi wachiwiri pang'onopang'ono amayamba kusunthira masamba - poyamba amakhala ngati zowonjezera, kenako pang'onopang'ono amayamba kudya.
Koma, monga chilichonse m'moyo wa ma sloth, njirayi imatha kuchedwa kwambiri: anthu amtundu wina amayamba kukhala pawokha miyezi 9, koma ena amadya mkaka wa amayi mpaka zaka ziwiri. Ndipo kwenikweni amatha kupachika kwa mayi mpaka azaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, pambuyo pake amakhala olemera kwambiri.
Kukula kwa sloth wamkulu kumafika zaka 3, kenako kumakhala kukhwima. Amakhala mwachilengedwe mpaka zaka 10-15, nthawi zambiri nthawi yayitali. Akasungidwa m'ndende pamalo abwino, kanyamaka kamatha zaka 20-25.
Chosangalatsa: Popeza ma sloth samayenda mwadzidzidzi, pafupifupi safuna minofu, komanso mtima wolimba kuti uwapatse magazi akamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mtima wa sloth ndi 0,3% yokha yolemera thupi lake, ndipo minofu yake ndi 25%. M'magwiridwe onse awiriwa, iye ndi wocheperako theka ndi kawiri kuposa munthu yemwe, nawonso, sangakhale wolemba mbiri.
Adani achilengedwe a ma sloth
Chithunzi: Sloth pamtengo
Mwa adani ake mwachilengedwe ndi:
- nyamazi;
- pum;
- ankhonda;
- ocelots;
- ng'ona;
- zeze.
Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, ambiri mwa ziwombankhangazi amakhala oopsa kwa ulesi pokhapokha atatsika pansi, ndipo amachita izi kawirikawiri. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha kupulumuka kwa mitundu ya ma sloth yomwe inali yaying'ono kwambiri pomwe ikuluikulu imatha - amatha kupachika pamitengo yopyapyala, pomwe zolusa zazikulu sizingafikire.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale nyamazi zomwe zimatha kukwera mitengo zimangonyambita milomo yawo ndikudikirira kuti kanyamaka kasankhe kuchoka pamtengowo kapena kutsikira panthambi zowirira. Ndipo uyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali, ndipo ma sloth sali okoma kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwathunthu kwa minofu - chifukwa chake sakhala nyama yofunikira kwambiri ya fining.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma sloth amadziwa bwino kuti ngozi zitha kuwopseza osati pansi zokha, komanso zikatsikira kumagulu apansi, ndipo zimakwera mwadala. Zoona, mdani wina akhoza kukumana pano - zeze wolusa. Kanyamaka akaonekera kakuuluka kuchokera pamwamba, amuukira, chifukwa ubweya wobiriwira komanso kusagwira ntchito zimamugwira.
Ndipo amakondanso kuti asakwere kwambiri, chifukwa chake chifukwa cha nyama zolusa, malo awo okhala m'mitengo amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi ziyenera kukhala nthambi zochepa kwambiri pafupi ndi pamwamba, koma osati pamwamba, kuti mbalame zisawone. Chigumula chikabwera, ndipo akalulu amasambira, ng'ona zimatha kuyidya.
Anthu amakhalanso adani awo: Amwenye amasaka tunyama kuyambira nthawi zakale ndipo amadya nyama yawo, atakola zishalo ndi zikopa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zokongoletsera. Komabe, kusaka sikunapeze zochulukirapo zomwe zingawopseze kutha kwa nyamayi - ndiponso, iwonso sanali nyama yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Sloth m'chilengedwe
Ngakhale tija ta m'manja kapena tazala zitatu simutetezedwa ndipo ndiomwe amawonedwa ngati nyama zomwe sizikuwopsezedwa kwambiri. M'malo ena, amasakidwabe, ngakhale kuti siabwino kwenikweni pamalonda. Mulingo wosaka ndi wocheperako, ndipo suopseza anthu.
Kusagwira ntchito kumawathandiza ngati chitetezo chodalirika, komanso moyo wokhala pawokha - ndizovuta kuzizindikira pakati pamitengo, ndipo ngakhale kusaka kukuchita bwino, nthawi zambiri ndizotheka kugwira kanyumba kamodzi kokha kakang'ono ndi kulemera. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri anthu amawapha mwa kukumana mwangozi akusaka nyama zina.
Anthu akuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zina, makamaka, kuchepa kwa malo omwe angakhalemo, chifukwa cha kukula kwa anthu. Zingwe zamagetsi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zimatambasulidwa ngakhale munkhalango yowirira kwambiri, chifukwa chake ma sloth nthawi zina amayesa kukwera ndikufa chifukwa chamakono.
Koma pakadali pano, ziwopsezozi sizinafike povuta kwambiri ndipo anthu amtundu waulesi amakhalabe osakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, malo okhala ndi zala zitatu amakhala ndi nkhalango zambiri pafupi ndi Amazon - mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwake m'chigawo cha Manaus akuti ndi anthu 220 pa kilomita imodzi. M'madera ena, ndiyotsika, komabe chiwerengerocho chikuwerengedwa ngati makumi a mamiliyoni a anthu.
Chosangalatsa: Pali zinthu zina zomwe ma sloth amatha kuchita mwachangu, mwachangu - amasambira bwino. M'chigwa cha Amazon, zotayika zimachitika pafupipafupi, zimachitika kuti nthaka imakhalabe pansi pamadzi kwa miyezi ingapo. Kenako amayenera kusambira pakati pa mitengo - ngakhale akuwoneka kuti akuchita zovuta, amakhala ndi liwiro la 4-5 km / h.
Ulesi Ndi nyama yaying'ono komanso ochezeka. Zingaoneke ngati zosakhazikika komanso zochedwa, koma ambiri zimawoneka zokongola. Phokoso la moyo wawo limayezedwa kwambiri: masana ambiri amagona, nthawi yotsala amakhala pamitengo ndikudya masamba. Ndipo amachita pang'onopang'ono kotero kuti sizotheka kuzindikira kuti sakugona.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:25
