Mutu wautali (lat. Aggitalalos caudatus) ali ndi mayina ena ambiri - ogolovnik, pheasant, peacock, shank, mphesa, chimichka. M'zaka za zana la 19, mbalameyi inali yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa mbalame ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi yokongola kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zazing'ono. Ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake kuposa mpheta, ndipo kukhala panthambi yamtengo, mutu wake utakokedwa, ndikofanana kwambiri ndi mpira woyera wokhala ndi mlomo wachidule komanso mchira wautali kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, imafanana ndi scoop, yomwe mwina imafotokoza dzina lake lotchuka - ostolovnik.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Tit-tailed yayitali
Opolovniki ndi mbalame zazing'ono za shrub, zofananira ndi mawere, omwe ndi am'banja "Amiyala yayitali", dongosolo loti "Wofanana ndi Mpheta". Samapitilira masentimita 8-15 kukula, ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20 ndikulemera kwa magalamu 6-11. Banjali limaphatikizira magulu atatu ndi mitundu 8. M'dera lomwelo, pali pafupifupi 20 subspecies, zosiyana pang'ono ndi mtundu wina ndi mzake.
Kanema: Long-tailed tit
Mitundu isanu ya njenjete imakhala kumapiri aku China ndi ku Himalaya, omwe kale amakonda nkhalango za oak ndi birch, komanso nkhalango za juniper, zomalizazi zimakonda nkhalango za paini. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi Aegithalos caudatus, yomwe imapezeka m'dera lalikulu kwambiri - kuchokera ku Britain Isles mpaka Siberia. Mtundu wina wosangalatsa ndi North American shrub tit (Psaltriparus minimus), yomwe imakhala makamaka m'nkhalango za oak (nkhalango za oak). Mitunduyi ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa mbalamezi zimamanga zisa zopachikika.
Monga tanenera kale, mutu wamtali wautali ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri yokhala ndi thupi lokutidwa, lofanana ndi mpira komanso mchira wautali kwambiri, womwe ungakhale wamtali masentimita 10. White imakhalapo pamtundu wa dazi, wokhala ndi zotuwa zosowa zakuda komanso zapinki. Pankhaniyi, mutu, khosi ndi thupi lotsika ndi loyera; ambiri kumbuyo, nthenga ndi mchira nthenga zakuda; mbali yakumbuyo imakhala yofiirira kapena yapinki; mchira wake ndi nthenga zake zam'mbali zimakhala zapinki. Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi wamfupi kwambiri komanso wonenepa - ndi 5-6 mm okha
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tit mbalame yayitali
Kugonana kwamiyala yamiyala yayitali sikudziwika kwenikweni - akazi ndi amuna amawoneka ofanana, kupatula kuti amuna amatha kukhala ocheperako pang'ono. Nthenga za opolovniki nazonso sizimasiyana mitundu yowala, koma ndiyosalala komanso yotayirira. Chifukwa cha ichi, mbalame yochokera patali imatha kulakwitsa chifukwa cha mpira wonyezimira wokhala ndi mchira wautali kapena ladle lomwelo.
Mankhwala achikulire amakhala ndi mapiko akuda ndi oyera kunja, ndi mkati mwake pinki, ndipo mutu, chifuwa, pamimba ndi zoyera. Anapiye ang'onoang'ono a capes amawoneka osawonekera - mchira wawufupi komanso kusowa kwathunthu kwa mitundu ya pinki yowala. Anapiyewo amafanana ndi mbalame zazikulu pafupifupi mwezi umodzi zitabadwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, molt wautali umayamba mu zimfine zazikulu, pomwe nthenga zawo zonse zimasinthiratu. Izi zikupitilira mpaka Ogasiti. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, molt imayamba pambuyo pake, mkati mwa chilimwe. Pambuyo pa kusungunula, njenjete zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe enieni a abale awo achikulire.
Amiyala amiyala yayitali amakhala nthawi yayitali mchaka m'magulu a ziweto omwe amapitabe kwinakwake. Ndegezi zimatsagana ndi kulira kosalekeza komanso kulira. Kuuluka kwa mbalame kumakhala kosafanana komanso kosunthika, kukangana kwawo komanso kuyenda kwawo nthawi yomweyo kumapereka chiwonetsero cha kukhala a banja lapa tit.
Kodi tit-tailed yayitali amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mutu wautali ku Russia
Mtengo wamtali wautali nthawi zambiri umakhala m'minda ya nkhalango, nkhalango zowuma kapena zosakanikirana, mapaki, malamba a nkhalango, minda, ndi nkhalango zowirira. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda malowa pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Mbalameyi imapezeka m'malo ambiri ku Eurasia:
- Asia Minor;
- China;
- Korea;
- Japan;
- Russia Siberia).
Malo okhala odziwika bwino komanso malo okhala zimbudzi zazitali kwambiri ndi zothinana, zitsamba zosadutsika za birch kapena msondodzi pafupi ndi nyanja, mtsinje, dziwe kapena mtsinje.
Zisa za zokwawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi khomo lolowera kumtunda kwawo. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zisa ndi moss, zinthu zothandizira ndi ndodo, zitsamba zosokoneza bongo komanso zida zina zopangira (pulasitiki, polyethylene, pepala). Chifukwa cha zida zomangira izi, zisa zawo zimakhala zotentha komanso zolimba, sizowopa mphepo yamphamvu, kapena mvula yamkuntho, kapenanso namondwe.
Ntchito yomanga ikamalizidwa, mbalamezo, kuti zidzibise m'maso, zimaphimba zisa zawo ndi tizidutswa ting'onoting'ono ta makungwa amitengo, ndere, komanso zimapanga zofunda pansi ndi nthenga mkati.
Chosangalatsa: Mkati mwa chisa chimodzi, pakhoza kukhala pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri za nthenda ndi nthenga zazing'ono ngati zofunda.
Kodi titmouse yamiyala yayitali imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tit-tailed long, kapena chimbudzi
Nkhandwe, monga mbalame zambiri zazing'ono, imakonda kudya nyama, ngakhale kuti ikasowa chakudya sichimanyoza chakudya chamasamba, chifukwa kupulumuka kumadalira.
Zakudya zachikale zazingwe zazitali zimawoneka ngati izi:
- mbozi;
- ntchentche za masamba;
- nsabwe;
- tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zawo;
- nyongolotsi;
- nyerere ndi mazira awo;
- mbewu ndi zipatso za zomera.
Mbalame zikuyang'ana tizilombo, tikukwawa bwino kwambiri munthambi za mitengo ndi tchire, ngati zazing'ono, ndipo tikamayang'ana zinthu zosayembekezereka kwambiri. M'nthawi yopuma (masika, nthawi yophukira), komanso nthawi yozizira, njenjete zimadya mbewu zamasangalalo.
Mbalame zimafunikira chakudya chochuluka nthawi yakudyetsa anapiye. Alonda a mbalame amayerekezera kuti avareji, amiyendo yayitali kwambiri amadyetsa anapiye awo pafupifupi maulendo 350 pa tsiku. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimangodya tizilombo tosakwanira, kuphatikiza tizirombo tambiri ta m'minda ndi m'minda.
Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti mwa kukhalapo kwawo, opolovniki imabweretsa phindu lalikulu kuulimi, komanso okhala mchilimwe ndi wamaluwa, kuwononga ntchentche zamitengo, mbozi, njenjete za zipatso ngakhalenso ziwombankhanga, zomwe ndizomwe zimawopseza mbewu za shuga.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tit-tailed yayitali
Miyezi yozizira, ikamazizira komanso yanjala, imadziwika kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa makapu. Inde, pakagwa chisanu choopsa, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu amatha kufa komanso kupitilira apo. Ngati masana mawere amayenda m'magulu akulu, akusangalala motere ndikusaka chakudya kulikonse, ndiye usiku amagona panthambi, atapanikizana mwamphamvu.
Chosangalatsa: Zadziwika kuti amiyala yayitali nthawi zambiri amalowa m'magulu azinyalala zomwe zimafala m'nyengo yozizira ndikupulumuka.
Oyang'anira mbalame awona kangapo ndikufotokoza nthawi yomwe anapiye ang'onoang'ono amachoka pachisa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuda nkhawa pang'ono kungakhale chifukwa cha izi. Ngati mmodzi wa anapiye achichepere amayesa kutuluka mchisa, ndiye kuti onsewo amamutsata nthawi yomweyo. Ana amauluka moyipa kwambiri, mopanda nzeru, ndipo makolo amauluka mozungulira panthawiyi, kuyesa kuwateteza ku ngozi ndikuwasonkhanitsa. Kwa pafupifupi theka la ola, chipwirikiti ndi mantha zimapitilira, kenako zonse zimakhala bwino ndipo anapiye amayamba moyo wawo wachikulire.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Njenjete ndiomwe amasunga mbalame pakati pa mbalame pamodzi.
Tsopano mukudziwa kuti mutu wautali wautali umatchedwanso tit-tailed long. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mbalame zazing'ono zimakhalira kuthengo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Amayi amtundu wautali
Opolovniki amakonda kukonza zisa zawo pamitengo kapena zitsamba m'mafoloko a nthambi zowirira pamtunda wa pafupifupi mita zitatu kuchokera pansi, nthawi zina kukwera pang'ono. Chisa ndi chokhala ngati dzira chatsekedwa chokhala ndi makoma olimba kwambiri komanso olimba. Kukula kwa chisa ndi pafupifupi 10 ndi 20 cm.
Makoma a zisa zawo amapangidwa ndi moss, ma cobwebs, makungwa a birch, ndere, ndipo amaziphimba mosamala mwakuti sizingafanane konse ndi chilengedwe. Pakhomo la chisa, kutengera komwe kuli, limachitika kuchokera pamwamba kapena kuchokera mbali. Mkati mwa chisa cha mbalame mwadzaza ndi zofewa ndi nthenga.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mabokosi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira oyera 6-18 okhala ndi timadontho tofiira kapena tofiirira. Mzimayi yekha ndiye amakhala m'mazira, ndipo wamwamuna amamudyetsa panthawiyi, amamuteteza ndi kumusamalira m'njira iliyonse. Nthawi yokufungatira mazira ndi masiku 14-18. Anapiye amabadwa amaliseche, milomo yachikasu komanso osadzitchinjiriza. Onse makolo akuchita nawo kudyetsa anapiye, ndipo nthawi zina amathandizidwa ndi anapiye a ana a chaka chatha pazifukwa zina omwe sanapeze wokwatirana naye - "othandizira".
Atakwanitsa masiku 18, anapiye ambiri amachoka pachisa, koma makolowo amapitirizabe kuwadyetsa kwakanthawi. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mabanja a opolovniki: makolo, "othandizira", nyama zazing'ono sizingathe kutha mpaka masika.
Adani achilengedwe amtundu wautali
Chithunzi: Mutu wa mbalame
Amayi amtundu wautali, monga achibale awo akuluakulu, ndi mbalame zothandiza kwambiri m'nkhalango ndi ulimi, chifukwa chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zawo, zambiri zomwe ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimawononga zokolola zakumunda, zam'munda ndi mbewu za m'nkhalango.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachilengedwe zomwe chaka chilichonse zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa mawere ndi njala yachisanu ndi chisanu choopsa. Ndi chifukwa cha kuzizira komanso kusowa kwa chakudya m'miyezi yachisanu kuti mbalame zambiri zimafa chaka chilichonse - pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu, ndipo zaka zina kuposa pamenepo. Komabe, musakwiyitsidwe ndi izi - zinthu sizili zoyipa kwenikweni.Pamene, chilimwe chilichonse, pomwe nyengo yobereketsa idayamba, kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha anthu otentha m'nyengo yozizira kumangokhala chabe, popeza njenjete zimakhala zachonde modabwitsa ndipo gulu lililonse la mbalame zimatha kutsegulira anapiye 18.
Chosangalatsa: Amayi amtundu wautali amakhala achangu kwambiri kuyesa kubisa zisa zawo, ndipo chifukwa cha izi samangogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zokha: makungwa, moss, ndere, komanso zopangira, monga zidutswa za polyethylene komanso pulasitiki.
Komanso, mwachilengedwe, ma martens, ma weasels, amphaka amtchire, oimira ena a feline, zouluka zouluka (akadzidzi, nkhwangwa, nkhandwe) zimatha kusaka nyama, komanso m'malo oyandikira kumene anthu amakhala - amphaka amphaka, agalu osochera. Komabe, izi sizingatchulidwe mwachangu kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tit mbalame yayitali
Chiwerengero cha amisala yayitali nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa ndi akatswiri azinyama m'magulu awiri: osamuka komanso okhala. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yongokhala ya ma mongrels amakhala pakati pakanjira ndi kumwera, ndi omwe amasamukira - kumadera akumpoto kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, mawere amtundu wautali otuluka amayenda chaka ndi chaka kumwera kukafunafuna malo omwe kumakhala kotentha komanso chakudya chochuluka.
Mutu wamtali wautali umapezeka kwambiri kudera lonse la nkhalango ku kontinenti ya Eurasia kuyambira Pacific mpaka Atlantic. Ku gawo la Europe ku Russia, mbalame zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo yambiri, kupatula dera limodzi lokhalo - Caucasus.
Amayi amtundu wautali sakhala motalika kwambiri mwachilengedwe - mpaka zaka zitatu, komabe, atasungidwa mu ukapolo, mbalamezi zimatha kukhala kwakanthawi kangapo - mpaka zaka 15. Kuphatikiza apo, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kwa ziweto zachilendozi chimadalira pazinthu zingapo zabwino: Malamulo azakudya, kayendedwe ka chisamaliro, chisamaliro.
Lero, ngakhale nyengo yotchulidwa (kufa kwakanthawi m'nyengo yozizira), kuchuluka kwa mugwort ndi kochulukirapo, chifukwa chake mtunduwu sufuna chilichonse choteteza kapena kuteteza.
Mitundu yonse yamtundu, kuphatikiza yayitali-yayitali, ndiomwe amakhala motsatira zachilengedwe. Mbalame zazikulu, kuti zizidzidyetsa zokha ndi ana awo ndi ntchito yayikulu, zimangowononga tizilombo tambiri tambiri todwalitsa, potero timabweretsa zabwino m'malo obiriwira. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi yokha wautali wautali munyengo imatha kuchotsa mitengo yosachepera 20-30 kuchokera ku tizirombo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/16/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 nthawi 20:41
