Kwa ambiri nsomba zazinkhanira zazikulu kuzolowera osati mawonekedwe okha komanso kukoma. Koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti masharubu awa ndi akale kwambiri, adapulumuka mpaka nthawi yathu kuyambira nthawi ya Jurassic, chifukwa chake adawona ma dinosaurs ndi maso ake a crustacean. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuyambira nthawi zakale, kunja, khansa sinasinthe, kusunga mawonekedwe ake akale. Tiyeni tiwone magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo wake, fotokozani mawonekedwe akunja, fotokozerani za zizolowezi ndi mawonekedwe a nzika zodabwitsa zamadzi oyera.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nkhanu zazitali kwambiri
Crayfish yotakata kwambiri imayimira dongosolo la nkhanu za decapod kuchokera ku banja lachi crustacean lotchedwa Latin Latin Astacidea. Ma crustaceans a Decapod amatha kutchedwa gulu lalikulu kwambiri la nsomba zazinkhanira zapamwamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu 15,000 yazinthu zamasiku ano ndi zinthu zakale zokwana 3,000. Monga tanena kale, nsomba zazinkhanira zimakhala m'dziko lathu zaka 130 miliyoni zapitazo (munthawi ya Jurassic), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa kuphunzira. Kungakhale kolondola kwambiri kuyitcha madzi amchere, chifukwa ali m'madzi momwemo kuti amakhala. Ankamutcha dzina loti zala zazitali chifukwa cha zikhadabo zake zazikulu, potero zikuwonetsa kusiyana kwake ndi m'bale wamtsinje waching'ono.
Kanema: Nkhanu zazitali kwambiri
Kuphatikiza pa kusiyanasiyana kwa khomalo, nsomba zazingwe zazitali kwambiri zili ndi notch yokhala ndi timabowo tating'onoting'ono mkati mwa chala chopanda kuyenda, pomwe wachibale wopyapyala alibe. Mkazi ndi wocheperako kuposa khansa yamphongo. Manja ake nawonso ndi ocheperako, koma ali ndi mimba yayikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, awiriawiri azimayi a miyendo yam'mimba amakhala osakhazikika, mosiyana ndi miyendo imodzimodzi mwa amuna.
Mwambiri, nsomba zazingwe zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo, lokulirapo, lolumikizana, lomwe limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba cha chitin chawo. Sikovuta kuganiza kuchokera ku dzina la dongosololi kuti khansa ili ndi miyendo isanu yoyenda. Magulu awiri oyamba akuyimiridwa ndi zikhadabo. Ngati tizingolankhula za kukula kwa nkhandweyi, ndiye kuti imatha kutchedwa nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yamchere yomwe imakhala m'dziko lathu. Kukula kwapakati pazimayi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 12, ndipo amuna - kuyambira masentimita 15 mpaka 16. Ndizosowa kwambiri, koma pali amuna mpaka 25 cm kutalika ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu mazana awiri. Crayfish okalamba kwambiri amafikira kukula ndi kulemera kwake, komwe kuli pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri, chifukwa chake zitsanzo zotere sizipezeka kawirikawiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Zinsomba zazitali kwambiri m'chilengedwe
Ngati chilichonse chikuwonekera bwino ndi kukula kwa khansara, ndiye kuti mtundu wake ndiwosiyana, zimadalira malo omwe khansayo imachotsedwa kwamuyaya.
Atha kukhala:
- azitona wakuda;
- bulauni wobiriwira;
- buluu bulauni.
Crayfish ili ndi talente yabwino yodzibisa, chifukwa chake imaphatikizana bwino ndi mtundu wakumunsi kwa dziwe komwe amalembetsa nthawi zonse. Kuyang'ana khansara, nthawi yomweyo zimawoneka kuti thupi lake limakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri: cephalothorax, yomwe imakhala ndimagulu amutu ndi sternum (malo omwe amalumikizana amatha kuwoneka pakatikati) ndi pamimba wolankhulidwa, womwe umatha ndi mchira wawukulu. Cephalothorax, ngati zida zankhondo, imateteza chipolopolo cholimba cha chitinous.
Chipolopolocho chimakhala ngati mafupa a crustacean, momwe ziwalo zonse zamkati zimabisala; imagwiranso ntchito yolimbitsa minofu ya crustacean. Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala tcheru kwambiri ndipo timagwira ntchito zonyansa komanso zogwira, nthawi yomweyo timakopa. M'munsi mwawo muli ziwalo za crustacean balance. Masharubu achiwiri ndi afupikitsa kwambiri kuposa oyamba ndipo amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kukhudza. Mutu wa nsomba zazinkhanira umayamba ndikutuluka kwakuthwa kotchedwa rostrum. Mbali zonse ziwiri, pali maso akuda akuda pakhungu. Zikuwoneka kuti maso a khansa amakula paziphuphu zochepa zomwe zimayenda, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe a mustachioed ndiabwino, palibe chomubisalira.
Chosangalatsa: Maso a Crayfish ndi amtundu wokhala ndi mitundu, i.e. imakhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono zikwi zingapo (pafupifupi zidutswa 3000).
Pakamwa pa khansa ndizida zovuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana:
- zingapo, zomwe ndi nsagwada zakumtunda;
- awiriawiri awiri a maxillae okhala ngati nsagwada zapansi;
- awiriawiri atatu a maxillipeds, mwanjira ina amatchedwa nsagwada za mwendo.
Miyendo yakutsogolo kwambiri ya khansa imatchedwa zikhadabo, imakhala ngati chida chogwirira, chogwirizira komanso chotetezera. Kuti isunthire, nsomba zazinkhanira imafunikira miyendo inayi yoyenda yayitali. Arthropod imakhalanso ndi ziwalo zazing'ono, zotchedwa m'mimba. Ndizofunikira pakupuma kwa khansa. Nsomba zawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa madzi okosijeni m'mitsinje. Akazi amapatsidwa miyendo iwiri yophatikizika, yofunikira kuti azisunga mazira.
Mchira wa nkhanu umawonekera nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa ndiwotalika komanso wokulirapo. Gawo lake lomaliza lotchedwa telson, limathandiza kwambiri pakusambira, komwe kumachitika chammbuyo. Nzosadabwitsa kuti nsomba zazinkhanira, kapena kuti, kubwerera. Akuthamangitsa mchira wake pansi mozungulira, khansa imabwerera ndi liwiro la mphezi kuchokera komwe imawopseza.
Kodi nsomba zazingwe zazikuluzikulu zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Zinsomba zazingwe zazikulu m'madzi
Nsomba zazingwe zazitali kwambiri zasankha Europe, kusiyapo izi ndi Greece, Spain, Portugal ndi Italy, sizimachitika mdera lino. Anthu adamukhazika m'malo mosungira madzi ku Sweden, komwe adakhazikika bwino ndikukhala, atasinthiratu malo atsopano. Matendawa anakhazikika m'madzi omwe anali m'nyanja ya Baltic. Khansa imakhala m'maiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union monga Lithuania, Estonia ndi Latvia. Mitundu iyi ya crustacean imapezeka mdera la Belarus ndi Ukraine. Ponena za dziko lathu, khansa imapezeka makamaka kumpoto chakumadzulo.
Mbalame zam'madzi zokhala ndi zikopa zazikulu zimakonda madzi oyenda bwino. Masharubu amamva kukhala omasuka komanso osatekeseka kumene madzi amatentha mpaka madigiri 22 mchilimwe. Khansa imapewa matupi amadzi odetsedwa, chifukwa chake kukhazikika kwake m'malo amodzi kumatsimikizira kuyera kwa madzi, omwe amasiyanitsa mtundu uwu ndi chala chaching'ono, chomwe chimatha kukhalanso m'madzi akuda. Crayfish yotakata samangokhala m'madzi okhaokha, imatha kupezeka padziwe ndi nyanjayi, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti zachilengedwe kumeneko ndizabwino. Pofuna kukhazikika, nsomba zazinkhanira zimasankha kuya kuchokera mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka zisanu.
Chosangalatsa: Crayfish imafunikira malo okhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, zomwe zili ndi laimu ziyeneranso kukhala zachilendo. Ndi kuchepa kwa chinthu choyamba, khansa silingathe kukhala ndi moyo, ndipo pang'ono pang'ono imabweretsa kutsika kwakukula kwawo.
Khansa imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuipitsa madzi kwamtundu uliwonse, makamaka mankhwala. Sakonda pansi, wokutidwa kwambiri ndi matope. Kuti atumizidwe kwamuyaya, amasankha malo am'madzi momwe muli mitundu yambiri yazinyalala, zokhumudwitsa, miyala ndi mizu yamitengo. M'makona obisika oterowo, omwe amakhala ndi mabatani amadzimadzi amakhala ndi malo otetezeka. Kumene kutentha kwamadzi sikufikira ngakhale madigiri 16, nsomba zazinkhanira sizikhala, chifukwa m'malo ozizira otere samatha kubereka.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kumakhala nkhanu zazitali kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi nkhanu zazikuluzikuluzikulu zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhanu zazitali kwambiri
Crayfish yotakata kwambiri amatha kutchedwa omnivorous, mndandanda wawo umakhala ndi chakudya chomera ndi chinyama. Zachidziwikire, zomera zimakhazikika muzakudya, ngati muwerenga, ndiye kuti pazizindikiro zake ndi 90. + -
Khansa imadya mosangalala ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi:
- rdest;
- madzi buckwheat;
- zimayambira maluwa a maluwa;
- nsapato za akavalo;
- kutalika;
- chara algae, omwe ali ndi calcium yambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zazinkhanira zimadya masamba akugwa omwe amayenda kuchokera m'mitengo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikulowa m'madzi. Kuti apange bwino komanso munthawi yake, khansa imafunikira chakudya cha nyama chomwe chili ndi zomanga thupi zambiri. Ndevu zimasangalala kudya mitundu yonse ya nyongolotsi, mphutsi, nkhono, plankton, utitiri wamadzi, tadpoles, amphipods. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mollusks amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zipolopolo zawo zamphamvu. Crayfish ndi zovunda, zomwe zimanunkhiza patali, sizidutsa, kununkhira kwake kumawakopa. Anthu aku Crustaceans amadya mitembo ya nyama ndi mbalame zomwe zagwera pansi, zimadya nsomba zakufa, kusaka nsomba zodwala kapena zovulala, kukhala ngati oyeretsa pansi pamadzi kapena mwa dongosolo.
Crayfish imadyetsa usiku ndi madzulo, ndipo masana amabisala m'mayenje awo obisika. Malingaliro awo a kununkhira amakula bwino, chifukwa chake amamva kununkhira kwawo komwe angathe kutengera kutali. Crayfish sakonda kupita kutali ndi mabowo awo, chifukwa chake amapeza chakudya pafupi. Nthawi zina, ngati palibe chodyera pafupi, amayenera kusuntha, koma osapitirira 100 - 250 mita. Kusaka nsomba zazinkhanira ndi kwachilendo, amakonda kugwira nyama kuchokera pogona, kumugwira ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Satha kupha ndi liwiro la mphezi, kupititsa patsogolo omwe agwidwa ndikumwalira kwakanthawi. Crayfish, monga chiwombankhanga, imagwira nyemba za soya muzitsulo zolimba, ikuluma chidutswa chochepa cha mnofu, kuti chakudya chawo chikhale chotalikirapo.
Chosangalatsa: Ndikusowa kwa chakudya kapena kuchuluka kwa nkhono m'nyanjayi, nsomba zazinkhanira zimatha kudya mtundu wawo, i.e. amadziwika ndi chinthu chosasangalatsa monga kudya anzawo.
Zimadziwika kuti nsomba zazinkhanira zikamaliza nyengo yawo yozizira, kusungunuka kwa matope ndipo mating'iwo amatha, amakonda kudya chakudya chanyama, ndipo nthawi yotsala amadya mitundu yonse ya zomera. Nsomba zazingwe zomwe zimasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi zimadyetsedwa ndi nyama, zopangira buledi, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa pachakudyacho. Obereketsa apeza kuti ma mustachioed amakhala ndi matayipi ndi kaloti. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti akazi amadya chakudya chochulukirapo, koma samangodya zochepa nthawi zambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Zinsomba zazingwe zokulirapo kuchokera ku Red Book
Crayfish yotakata kwambiri amatha kutchedwa kuti wokhala kwamadzi akuya, chifukwa imagwira ntchito usiku komanso nthawi yamadzulo, nthawi zina kumakhala mitambo. Masharubu aliwonse amakhala ndi dzenje lake, komwe amakhala masana, maso ake osunthika ndi ndevu zazitali zakunja, ndikuyika zikhadabo zake zamphamvu pakhomo. Khansa imakonda bata komanso kusungulumwa, chifukwa chake amateteza mosamala malo awo kuti asabwere.
Chosangalatsa: Kutalika kwa makina a crayfish kumatha kukhala mita imodzi ndi theka.
Khansa ikawona kuti ikuwopsezedwa, imabisalira komwe idathawira mdima. Crayfish imasaka chakudya pafupi ndi phompho, pomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyika zikhadabo zawo zazikulu patsogolo. Kusunthaku kumachitika mwachizolowezi, koma pakawopsezedwa, nsomba zazinkhanira, m'malo mwake, zimabwerera chammbuyo, kupalasa ndi mchira wawo wamphamvu, ngati chiwongolero, chosambira mosinthana mwachangu. Tisaiwale kuti zomwe zimachitika mukakumana ndi nyama yolusa ndipo pakakhala chiwopsezo cha nsomba zazinkhanira zimangokhala mphezi mwachangu.
M'nyengo yotentha, nsomba zazinkhanira zimasunthira kumadzi osaya, ndipo nthawi yophukira imayamba kulowa pansi, pomwe imabisala. Akazi amabisala mosiyana ndi amuna, panthawiyi amakhala otanganidwa ndi kubala mazira. Kwa nyengo yozizira, opalasa nkhandwe amasonkhana ambiri ndikudziponya m'mabowo amadzi akuya kapena amadzibisa okha ndi silt. Mikangano nthawi zambiri imachitika pakati pa nsomba zazinkhanira, chifukwa aliyense wa iwo mwansanje amateteza malo ake obisalapo kuchokera kulikonse komwe kungabwere kuchokera kunja. Ngati mkangano wafika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti wamwamuna nthawi zonse amakhala wolamulira, izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ndi wokulirapo. Pamene zofuna za amuna okhwima awiri zikasemphana, nkhondo imayamba, wopambana, nthawi zambiri, amakhala amene amakhala ndi mbali zazikulu.
Tiyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi njira ya crustacean molt, yomwe imachitika m'moyo wake wonse. Mu nyama zazing'ono m'nyengo yoyamba yotentha, izi zimachitika mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri. Okalamba khansara, kuchepa kwa molting. Zitsanzo zokhwima zimatsata njirayi kamodzi pachaka m'nyengo yachilimwe. Pofika molting, chivundikiro chatsopano cha minofu yofewa chimapangidwa pansi pa carapace. Kwa ma crustaceans ambiri, kusungunuka ndi njira yowawa komanso yotopetsa kuti amasuke ku chipolopolo chakale. Nthawi zambiri zikhadabo ndi tinyanga zimatha kutha, kenako zimakula zatsopano, zomwe zimasiyana kukula kwake ndi zam'mbuyomu. Khansa imadikirira pafupifupi milungu iwiri m'malo obisala mpaka khungu litauma, panthawi yomwe amakhala akudya mopitirira muyeso. Chifukwa chake, kukhala mu khungu la crustacean sikophweka konse.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Zinsomba zazikuluzikulu ku Russia
Nswala zazimuna zamphongo zimakhwima pogonana zitakwanitsa zaka zitatu, ndipo akazi atakwanitsa zaka zinayi. Munthawi imeneyi, kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita eyiti. Pakati pa nsomba zazinkhanira zokhwima, nthawi zonse pamakhala owirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kuposa omwe amakhala nawo. Nthawi yoswana ya crustacean imachitika nthawi yophukira mu Okutobala kapena Novembala, zimangodalira nyengo yamderalo. Iliyonse yamwamuna imapanga feteleza pafupifupi azimayi atatu kapena anayi. Pakadali pano kubwera kwa Seputembara, ntchito ndiukali za amuna zimakulirakulira.
Njira zogonana ndi nsomba zazinkhanira ndi zachilendo kwambiri, sizinunkhiza konse za kuvomerezana, mwamunayo amakakamiza mkazi kuti azitsatira, akumuzunza kwambiri. Amathamangitsa mnzake, amamugwira ndi timiyala tolimba, amamuyika paphewa ndipo amatumiza umuna wake pamimba pa mkazi. Nzosadabwitsa kuti khansara yamphongo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, apo ayi sakadalimbana ndi wokanikayo. Nthawi zina kugonana kwankhanza koteroko kumatha kubweretsa imfa ya mazira achikazi komanso aubwamuna.
Chosangalatsa: Atatopa ndimipikisano yomenyanirana, amuna, omwe samadya nthawi yovutayi, amatha kudya ndi mnzake womaliza kuti asafooketse konse.
Ili ndiye gawo losavomerezeka kwa azimayi azinyama, ndichifukwa chake amayesera kubisala kwa abambo posachedwa pambuyo pa umuna. Mazirawo amawaika patatha milungu iŵiri, amamangiriridwa kumiyendo ya mkazi wamimba. Ayenera kuteteza ana amtsogolo ku zoopsa zamtundu uliwonse, kupatsa mazira mpweya, kuwatsuka ku zodetsa zosiyanasiyana, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sakukhudzidwa ndi nkhungu. Mazira ambiri amafa, ndi 60 okha omwe atsala. Pokhapokha pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono amapezeka kuchokera kwa iwo, pafupifupi mamilimita awiri kutalika.
Makanda amakhalabe pamimba pa mayi kwa masiku pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri. Kenako ana amakhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha, kufunafuna pothawirapo posungira, panthawiyi kulemera kwawo sikupitilira 25 g, ndipo kutalika sikupita sentimita imodzi. Kuumba ndi kusintha konse kumawayembekezera pazaka zambiri. Ndi nsomba zazinkhanira zokha zokha zomwe sizisungunuka. Ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo ndichokwanira ndipo chitha kufikira zaka 25, koma nsomba zazinkhanira sizikhala ndi moyo mpaka kukalamba koteroko, kutalika kwa moyo wawo pafupifupi zaka khumi.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba zazinkhanira zazikulu
Chithunzi: Nkhanu zazitali kwambiri
Ngakhale kuti khansa, ngati chida chankhondo, imakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba, ili ndi adani ambiri m'malo ake achilengedwe. Wankhanza kwambiri pa iwo ndi eel, zimawopseza anthu akulu akulu, olowera mkatikati mwa nyumba yawo yokhayokha. Crayfish imadyedwa ndi burbots, pikes, perches. Masharubu amakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka pakapangidwe kazitsulo, pomwe chishango chakale chidachotsedwa kale, ndipo chatsopanocho sichinapeze kuuma kokwanira.Vutoli limakulitsidwa chifukwa chakuti nsomba zazinkhanira zili m'madzi otseguka panthawi ya kusungunuka, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa ndi adani osiyanasiyana, osafikira pakhola lawo pakhungu lofewa.
Ma crustacean achichepere amadyedwa ochulukirachulukira ndi nsombazo. Mphutsi za Crayfish ndi ana obadwa kumene zitha kudyedwa ndi bream, roach ndi nsomba zina zomwe zimasonkhanitsa chakudya kuchokera pansi pamadzi. Mwa zinyama, minks, otters ndi muskrats ndi adani a crustacean. M'madera omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja momwe odyerawa amadyera, mutha kupeza zipolopolo za crustacean zomwe zatsalira pa nkhomaliro. Musaiwale kuti kudya nyama zam'madzi ndi nsomba zazinkhanira, choncho amatha kudya abale awo mosavuta.
Mliri wa crayfish ndi mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa nyamakazi izi; tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mtsogolo. Zachidziwikire, anthu ndi adani a nsomba zazingwe zazingwe zazitali, chifukwa nyama yawo imadziwika kuti ndi yokoma, chifukwa chake njira zonse zatsopano zikupangidwa kuti zigwire anthu am'madzi awa, ndipo kuwononga nyama nthawi zambiri kumafalikira. Mwa kuipitsa matupi amadzi, munthu amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zazinkhanira chifukwa mtundu uwu sunazike m'madzi okhala ndi chilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Zinsomba zazitali kwambiri m'chilengedwe
Kuti muwone momwe khansa yayikulu yakanema ikusinthira, muyenera kupita ku mbiriyakale. Mpaka kudzafika zaka za zana lamakumi awiri, nsomba zazinkhanira izi zinali mitundu yambiri yomwe idakhazikika m'madzi ambiri atsopano aku Europe. Koma zonse zinasintha, kuyambira mu 1890, pamene munthu wina wotchuka waku Germany a Max von Dam Borne anabweretsa zikwangwani zana ku America ku United States, komwe adakakhazikika m'malo osungira mudzi wawo.
Alendo oterewa adalowa mumtsinjewo kupita m'madzi ena, pomwe adakhazikika. American crayfish anali onyamula mliri wa nsomba zazinkhanira, iwowo anali ndi chitetezo cha matendawa, omwe, mwatsoka, analibe mu zikopa zazikulu zala zazikulu. Matendawa adakhudza mitsinje yambiri, adasowa m'malo ambiri. Izi zadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nkhanu zazitali zazamba.
Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri, nsomba zazinkhanira zazikuluzikulu zidasamukira mgulu la mitundu yovuta kwambiri. M'malo ambiri, adasinthidwa osati mnzake waku America kokha, komanso ndi nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono zopanda pake. Tsopano momwe zinthu ziliri ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu aku crustacean sizabwino kwenikweni, zikupitilira kuchepa. Chifukwa cha izi si matenda okha, komanso nsomba zazikulu, zovuta zachilengedwe m'matumba ambiri amadzi, chifukwa chake nsomba zazingwe zazikuluzikulu zimafunikira njira zodzitetezera.
Monga tanenera kale, nsomba zazingwe zazikuluzikulu zimaonedwa ngati tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala pachiwopsezo, zomwe anthu akupitilira kuchepa, zomwe zimadzetsa nkhawa m'mabungwe achitetezo omwe akuchita zonse zotheka kuti apulumutse.
Zinthu zingapo zidapangitsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa nsomba zazinkhanira:
- mliri wa mliri wa nsomba zazinkhanira;
- kusuntha kwa nsomba zazingwe zazingwe zazitali ndi mitundu ina ya nkhono, modzichepetsa kuzikhalidwe zakunja;
- nsomba zazikuluzikulu zazingwe chifukwa cha m'mimba;
- kuipitsa kwa anthu magwero amadzi.
Chosangalatsa: Zinalembedwa kuti crayfish idayamba kudyedwa kumapeto kwa Middle Ages; pakati pa olemekezeka ku Sweden, nyama yawo idawonedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nsomba zazinkhanira, adakhala alendo pafupipafupi pagome la anthu onse. Ayuda samadya, chifukwa amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zopanda kosher.
Kuteteza nsomba zazinkhanira zazikulu
Chithunzi: Zinsomba zazingwe zokulirapo kuchokera ku Red Book
Padziko lonse lapansi, nsomba zazinkhanira zamitundu ikuluikulu zalembedwa pa IUCN Red List, m'chigawo chachiwiri cha Berne Convention, ngati mtundu wovuta. Khansara iyi imaphatikizidwa ndi Red Data Books ku Ukraine ndi Belarus. M'gawo la dziko lathu, lili mu Red Book Leningrad Region.
Njira zachitetezo zikuphatikiza izi:
- kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse za anthu otsalira;
- Kutumizidwa kwa madera otetezedwa kumadera komwe kumakhala nkhanu zazikuluzikulu;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwaokha kwaokha kosagwidwa ndi nsomba zazinkhwere kumene matenda a crayfish amapezeka;
- Kukhazikitsa ziphaso zolanda anthu angapo a crustaceans;
- kuletsa kutulutsa mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'madzi;
- chithandizo cha zida zausodzi ndi njira zapadera zothanirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mukasamukira kumadzi ena.
Pamapeto pake, tiyenera kudziwa kuti zikuyembekezeredwa kuti njira zonse zotetezerazi zibweretsa zotsatira zabwino ndipo, ngati sizikuwonjezera khansa, ndiye kuti ikhale yolimba. Musaiwale kuti nsomba zazinkhanira zazikulu amachita ngati kuyeretsa kwachilengedwe m'malo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa kumawachotsera zovunda. Anthu amafunikanso kusamala ndi magwero amadzi, kuwasunga oyera, ndiye kuti nsomba zazinkhanira zimakhala omasuka komanso zodabwitsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 11.11.2019 pa 11:55
