Dokowe woyera Ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imapezeka mchigawo chathu. Mapiko a dokowe amakhala mpaka 220 cm, kulemera kwake kwa mbalameyo kumakhala pafupifupi 4.5 kg. M'dziko lathu, adokowe amawerengedwa kuti ndiotsogolera mabanja komanso kutonthoza kunyumba. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati dokowe akakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumbayi, izi ndizabwino. Dokowe ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi banja lolimba, amakhala awiriawiri ndikulera ana awo limodzi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Dokowe Woyera
Dokowe woyera (Ciconia ciconia). Dulani adokowe. Banja la Stork. Mtundu wa Storks. Maonekedwe a White Stork. Banja la dokowe limaphatikizapo mitundu 12 ndi mibadwo 6. Banja ili ndi lolamulidwa ndi mbalame zamatumba. Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi apeza, adokowe oyamba amakhala ku Upper Eocene. Zotsalira zakale kwambiri za adokowe apezedwa ndi asayansi ku France. Banja la dokowe lidafika pachimake pazosiyanasiyana munthawi ya Oligocene.
Mwachiwonekere, panthawiyo, zinthu zabwino kwambiri pamoyo ndi chitukuko cha mbalame zamtunduwu zinayamba. M'masiku amakono, pali kulongosola kwa mitundu 9 ya zinthu zakale, komanso mitundu 30. Mitundu ina ya dokowe yomwe ilipo masiku ano inali ndi Eocene. Komanso mitundu 7 yamasiku ano imadziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Pleistocene.
Kanema: Dokowe Woyera
Amadziwika kuti adokowe akale anali okulirapo kangapo kuposa mbalame zamakono, komanso amasiyana pang'ono ndi mbalame zamakono pamalingaliro azikhalidwe ndi moyo. Dokowe woyera wamakono ndi mbalame yayikulu yoyera. Pali mapiko akuda. Kumbuyo kwake kwa dokowe kulinso kwakuda. Maonekedwe azimayi samasiyana ndi amuna. Kukula kwa mbalameyi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 125. Mapiko ake amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 200. Kulemera kwake kwa mbalameyo kumakhala pafupifupi 4 kg.
Mitundu ya Ciconia idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi wasayansi wakudziko Karl Linnaeus mu 1758, ndipo Karl Linnaeus adatchulapo za mitundu iyi mgulu logwirizana la zomera ndi zinyama.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Dokowe woyera
Mbalame ya dokowe imakhala yoyera kwathunthu. Pamapiko ndi kumbuyo kwake kuli mapiko akuda kwa nthenga zakuda, zimawonekera kwambiri pakuuluka kwa mbalameyo. Mbalameyi itaimirira, zikuwoneka kuti kumbuyo kwake kwa mbalameyo kumakhala kwakuda, chifukwa mapiko ake amapindidwa. Pa nthawi yoti ikukwerana, nthenga za mbalameyo zimatha kukhala ndi ubweya wapinki. Mbalameyi ili ndi mlomo waukulu, wosongoka ngakhalenso wapakamwa. Khosi lalitali. Mutu wa mbalame ndi waung'ono. Khungu lakuda lowonekera likuwoneka mozungulira maso. Iris wamaso ndi amdima.
Mbali yaikulu ya nthenga za mbalameyi ndi nthenga zouluka komanso nthenga zomwe zimaphimba phewa la mbalameyo. Pakhosi ndi pachifuwa cha mbalameyo pali nthenga zazitali, ngati zasokonezeka, mbalameyo imasunthira. Ndiponso amuna amatulutsa nthenga zawo pamasewera olimbirana. Mchirawo ndi wozungulira pang'ono milomo ndi miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi yofiira. Adokowe oyera ali ndi miyendo yopanda kanthu. Dokowe amapukusa mutu wake kwinaku akuyenda pansi. M'chisa ndi pansi, imatha kuyimirira mwendo umodzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuuluka kwa dokowe ndiyodabwitsa. Mbalameyi, imayenda mouluka mlengalenga, mosapendeketsa ndi mapiko ake. Ikamatera, mbalameyo imadzipanikiza mwadzidzidzi mapiko ake ndikulowetsa miyendo yake patsogolo. Adokowe ndi mbalame zosamuka, ndipo amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Mbalame makamaka zimalankhulana chifukwa chophwanya milomo yawo. Mbalameyi ikadina ndi kamwa, ikuponya mutu wake ndi kutulutsa lilime, kudina koteroko kumalowetsa kulankhulana kwa mawu. Nthawi zina amatha kupanga phokoso. Dokowe amakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo pafupifupi, adokowe oyera amakhala zaka 20.
Kodi adokowe oyera amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Dokowe woyera akuthawa
Dokowe yoyera yama subspecies aku Europe amakhala ku Europe konse. Kuchokera ku chilumba cha Iberia kupita ku Caucasus ndi mizinda ya dera la Volga. Akolokota oyera amapezeka ku Estonia ndi Portugal, Denmark ndi Sweden, France ndi Russia. Chifukwa chakubalalika kwa mbalame zamtundu uwu, adokowe adayamba kukhala m'mizinda yakumadzulo kwa Asia, Morocco, Algeria ndi Tunisia. Komanso adokowe amapezeka ku Caucasus. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozizira kumeneko. M'dziko lathu, adokowe amakhala m'dera la Kaliningrad kwanthawi yayitali.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, mbalamezi zidayamba kukhala m'chigawo cha Moscow. Pambuyo pake, adokowe adakhazikika m'dziko lonselo. Kufalikira kwa mbalame kunachitika m'mafunde. Storks adayamba kuyang'ana madera atsopano makamaka makamaka mu 1980-1990. Pakadali pano, adokowe amakhala mchigawo chonse cha dziko lathu, kupatula mwina m'mizinda yakumpoto. Ku Ukraine, adokowe amakhala ku Donetsk ndi madera a Lugansk, Crimea ndi Feodosia. Ku Turkmenistan, mtundu uwu ukufalikira ku Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan ndi Kazakhstan. Akatswiri a zinyama awonanso malo oberekera kum'mwera kwa Africa.
Dokowe ndi mbalame zosamuka. Amakhala nthawi yachilimwe m'malo awo wamba, ndipo kugwa mbalame zimapita m'nyengo yozizira kumayiko otentha. Kwenikweni, nyengo zakuda zaku Europe zimakhala m'masamba a Sahara kupita ku Cameroon. Nthawi zambiri, adokowe amakhala pachisa pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Chad, pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Senegal ndi Niger. Adokowe omwe amakhala kum'mawa amakhala nthawi yayitali ku Africa, ku Peninsula ya Somalia ku Ethiopia ndi Sudan. Komanso, mbalamezi zimapezeka ku India, Thailand. Nyengo yozizira kumadzulo kwa Spain, Portugal, Armenia. A Storks omwe amakhala mdziko lathu nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira ku Dagestan, Armenia, komabe, mbalame zotsekedwa mdziko lathu zakhala zikupezeka ku Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan ndi Africa.
Mukamasamuka, adokowe sakonda kuwuluka panyanja. Pamaulendo apaulendo amayesa kusankha njira zapamtunda. Za moyo ndi zisa, adokowe, monga anthu okhala m'malo otseguka, amasankha malo okhala ndi biotypes yonyowa. Dokowe amakhala m'mapiri, msipu komanso minda yothirira. Nthawi zina zimapezeka m'misasa ndi m'mapiri.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe adokowe oyera amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi adokowe oyera amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Dokowe Woyera ku Russia
Zakudya za adokowe ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Zakudya za dokowe zimaphatikizapo:
- nyongolotsi;
- dzombe, dzombe;
- zosiyanasiyana nyamakazi;
- nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nsomba;
- tizilombo;
- achule ndi njoka.
Zosangalatsa: A storks amatha kudya njoka zapoizoni komanso zowopsa popanda kuwononga thanzi lawo.
Nthawi zina adokowe amathanso kudyetsa nyama zazing'ono monga mbewa ndi akalulu ang'onoang'ono. Dokowe ndi mbalame zodya, kukula kwa nyama kumadalira kuthekera kokumeza. Dokowe samatha ndipo samatha kutafuna nyama yake. Amameza lonse. Pafupi ndi dziwe, adokowe amakonda kutsuka nyama m'madzi asanadye, motero kumakhala kosavuta kumeza. Momwemonso, adokowe amasambitsa achule omwe adauma mu silt ndi mchenga. Dokowe amabwezeretsanso chakudya chosagayidwa mwanjira ya tulo. Ma grebes amenewa amapanga masiku angapo, ndipo amakhala ndi ubweya, zotsalira za tizilombo ndi mamba a nsomba.
Dokowe amasaka pafupi ndi zisa zawo m'mapiri, msipu, madambo. Dokowe ndi mbalame zazikulu ndipo mbalame yogwidwa imafunikira chakudya mpaka magalamu 300 chilimwe ndi magalamu 500 a chakudya m'nyengo yozizira kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Kumtchire, mbalame zimadya chakudya chochuluka, chifukwa kusaka ndi maulendo ataliatali kumafuna mphamvu. Dokowe amadya pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Pafupifupi, adokowe angapo okhala ndi anapiye awiri amadya pafupifupi 5000 kJ yamphamvu yopezeka pachakudya patsiku. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi zinyama zina ndi chakudya chopindulitsa kwambiri kwa adokowe.
Kutengera ndi nyengo komanso malo okhala, chakudya cha mbalame chimasiyana. M'malo ena, mbalame zimadya dzombe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, m'malo ena, zakudya zimatha kukhala mbewa ndi amphibiya. Pakusintha kwanyengo, adokowe samakumana ndi kusowa kwa chakudya ndipo amapeza chakudya chatsopano msanga.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Dokowe woyera
Dokowe ndi mbalame zodekha. Munthawi yopanda zisa, amakhala m'magulu. Mbalame zomwe sizimaswana nazonso zimakhamukira. Anthu okhwima ogonana amapanga awiriawiri. Pa nthawi yodzala, awiriawiri amapangidwa kuchokera kwa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi; awiriawiriwa amapitilira nthawi yayitali. Dokowe amamanga zisa zazikulu, zazikulu ndipo nthawi zina amatha kubwerera kwa iwo nyengo yachisanu. Dokowe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Amayesetsa kuyandikira posungira. Mbalame zimamanga zisa zawo pa nyumba zopangidwa ndi anthu. Pa nyumba ndi masheya, nsanja. Nthawi zina amatha kupanga chisa pamtengo wamtali wokhala ndi macheka kapena korona wosweka. Mbalame overwinter m'mayiko ofunda.
Nthawi zambiri adokowe amafunafuna chakudya kuti adzidyetse okha ndi ana awo. Dokowe amagwira ntchito masana, amagona usiku kwambiri. Ngakhale zimachitika kuti adokowe amadyetsa ana awo usiku. Pakusaka, mbalameyi imayenda pang'onopang'ono paudzu ndi m'madzi osaya, ikuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo imatha kuponya mwamphamvu. Nthawi zina mbalame zimatha kuyang'anitsitsa nyama yawo. Amatha kugwira tizilombo, agulugufe ndi mawere pa ntchentche, koma makamaka amapeza chakudya pansi, m'madzi. Dokowe amatha kusodza ndi milomo yake.
Pafupifupi, adokowe amayenda liwiro la pafupifupi 2 km / h posaka. Dokowe amapeza nyama yomwe akuwona. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimatha kudya nyama zazing'ono zakufa ndi nsomba. Dokowe amatha kupezeka m'malo otayilamo nyama ndi mbalame zam'madzi ndi akhwangwala. Mbalamezi zimatha kudyetsa zokha komanso gulu lonse. Nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe mbalame zimazizira nthawi yayitali, m'malo okhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, mumatha kupeza magulu a adokowe, momwe mumakhala anthu masauzande angapo. Mbalame zikamadya pagulu, zimaona kuti ndi zotetezedwa ndipo zimatha kupeza chakudya chokwanira paokha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Anapiye oyera
Dokowe woyera amatha kuswana ali ndi zaka 3-7. Komabe, zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimaswana zikafika zaka 7. Mbalamezi zimakhala zokhazokha, awiriawiri amapangidwira nthawi yogona. Nthawi zambiri nthawi yachilimwe yamphongo yoyamba imafika pachisa, kapena imamukwanira. Awiri amapanga pachisa. Adokowe ena akafika pachisa, champhongo chimayamba kuwathamangitsa ndikuphwanya mlomo wake, ndikuponyanso mutu wake ndikutulutsa nthenga zake. Akamayandikira chisa cha mkazi, adokowe amam'patsa moni. Mwamuna akafika pachisa, mwini chisa amamuthamangitsa, kapena mbalameyo imatha kukhala pachisa chake ikutambasula mapiko ake mbali, kutsekera nyumba yake kwa alendo osayitanidwa.
Chosangalatsa: Asanakonze banja, adokowe amasewera magule enieni potembenuka, kupanga mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana ndikukupiza mapiko awo.
Chisa cha dokowe chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri chopangidwa ndi nthambi, udzu ndi zomera za manyowa. Malo omanga amangidwa ndi moss wofewa, udzu ndi ubweya. Mbalame zakhala zikumanga chisa kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito zawo. Kawirikawiri mkazi woyamba, ndipo amene wapita mu chisa, amakhala mbuye wake. Komabe, kumenyana pakati pa akazi ndizofala. Akazi angapo amatha kuwuluka mu chisa chimodzi, kulimbana kumatha kuyamba pakati pawo ndi omwe amapambana ndipo atha kukhala pachisa ndikukhala mayi.
Oviposition imachitika mchaka. Nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Marichi - Epulo, kutengera nyengo. Mkazi amaikira mazira pakadutsa masiku angapo. Mkazi amaikira mazira 1 mpaka 7. Banja limafungatira mazira pamodzi. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha pafupifupi masiku 34. Anapiye amabadwa atasowa chochita. Choyamba, makolo awo amawadyetsa ndi mbozi. Anapiye amawagwira, kapena amatenga chakudya chakugwa kuchokera pansi pa chisa. Makolo amasamala kwambiri anapiye awo ndi kuteteza chisa chawo ku chiwonongeko.
Anapiye amayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono atakwanitsa masiku 56 atadulidwa dzira. Dokowe wachichepere amaphunzira kuwuluka motsogozedwa ndi makolo awo. Kwa milungu ingapo, makolo amadyetsa ana awo okulira. Pazaka pafupifupi miyezi 2.5, anapiyewo amadziyimira pawokha. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbalame zazing'ono zimauluka zokha kukakhala panokha popanda makolo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Dokowe amakhala tcheru ndi ana awo, koma amatha kutaya anapiye ofooka komanso odwala pachisa.
Adani achilengedwe a adokowe oyera
Chithunzi: Dokowe woyera
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi adani achilengedwe ochepa.
Kwa mbalame zazikulu, adani ndi awa:
- Ziwombankhanga, ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama;
- nkhandwe;
- martens;
- agalu akulu ndi mimbulu.
Zisa za adokowe zitha kuwonongedwa ndi mbalame zazikulu, amphaka ndi ma martens. Mwa matenda a dokowe, matenda opatsirana amapezeka makamaka.
Dokowe amatenga kachilombo ka helminths monga:
- chaunocephalus ferox;
- mbiri yakale;
- dyctimetra chopezeka.
Mbalame zimadwala matendawa mwa kudya nsomba ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, kutola chakudya pansi. Komabe, munthu amadziwika kuti ndiye mdani wamkulu wa mbalame zoyera zokongolazi. Kupatula apo, mbalame zambiri zimafa chifukwa chogwera pamagetsi. Mbalame zimafa ndi magetsi; achichepere nthawi zina amathyola mawaya. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kusaka mbalame zamtunduwu tsopano kuli kocheperako, mbalame zambiri zimaphedwa ndi opha nyama mosakaikira. Mbalame zambiri zimafa zikamauluka. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zazing'ono, mbalame zomwe zimauluka nthawi yozizira koyamba zimafa.
Nthawi zina, makamaka nyengo yachisanu, kumafa mbalame zambiri chifukwa cha nyengo. Mkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho komanso kuzizira koopsa kumatha kupha mbalame mazana angapo nthawi imodzi. Chovuta kwambiri kwa adokowe ndikuwononga nyumba zomwe mbalame zimakhalira. Kubwezeretsa mipingo yolimba, nsanja zamadzi ndi malo ena omwe adokowe amakhala. Mbalame zimanga zisa zawo kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka chisa chimatenga zaka zingapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adokowe sangathe kuberekana akafika pamalo omwe amakhala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Adokowe oyera
Chiwerengero cha adokowe oyera chikuwonjezeka ndipo mtunduwu sudetsa nkhawa chilichonse. Pakadali pano pali mitundu 150,000 yobereketsa padziko lonse lapansi. Dokowe amwazikana mofulumira ndikulitsa malo awo okhala. Posachedwa, mitundu ya White Stork yatchulidwa mu Zowonjezera 2 ku Red Book of Russia ngati mtundu womwe umafunikira chidwi chapadera pamikhalidwe yawo yachilengedwe. Mtundu uwu uli ndiudindo womwe sudetsa nkhawa.
Kusaka dokowe sikuletsedwa m'maiko ambiri. Pofuna kuthandizira mbalamezi ndikukonzanso mbalame zomwe zili pamavuto m'dziko lathu lino, malo ophunzitsira anthu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano akugwira ntchito, monga malo ogona a Birds Without Border, Romashka Center yomwe ili mdera la Tver, ndi malo okonzanso a Phoenix. M'malo amenewa, mbalame zimakhazikitsidwanso ndipo avulala kwambiri komanso kudwala.
Pofuna kusunga kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisawononge zisa ndi nyumba zomwe zamangidwapo. Samalani ndi mbalamezi, komanso ndi nyama zonse zakutchire. Tisaiwale kuti kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa mbalame ndi zamoyo zonse padzikoli kumayambitsidwa ndi anthu, kuwononga chilengedwe nthawi zonse. Kumanga misewu, mafakitale owopsa, kudula nkhalango ndikuwononga malo okhala mbalamezi. Tiyeni tizisamalira mbalame zokongola izi ndikuwadikira masika aliwonse.
Dokowe woyera - iyi ndi mbalame yodabwitsa, munyama zimakhala zovuta kupeza zolengedwa zambiri zabanja kuposa adokowe. Mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthandizana mwapadera. Kungoti adokowe amangomanga ndi kukonza nyumba zawo kwazaka zambiri, komanso kuti makolo amasinthana, kuwathandiza posamalira anapiye awo, zimalankhula za gulu labwino kwambiri la mbalamezi. Ngati dokowe lakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba yanu, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mwayi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 ku 22:27
