Mixina Ndi wokhala modabwitsa mu Nyanja Yadziko Lonse. Nyamayo imakhala mozama kwambiri - mamita oposa mazana asanu. Anthu ena amatha kutsika mpaka mamita 1000. Kunja, nyama izi zimafanana kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi zazikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, a Carl Linnaeus, pochita kafukufuku, adawazindikira molakwika ngati nyongolotsi. Anthu ambiri amatcha myxina cholengedwa chosasangalatsa, chonyansa, komanso choyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, ili ndi mayina angapo - slug eel, nsomba zamatsenga, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, ziwombankhanga zam'nyanja.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Miksina
Ma mixins ndi nyama zovutikira; amagawidwa mgulu la myxines, dongosolo la myxinoids, ndi banja la myxines. Karl Linnaeus wakhala akuphunzira nyamazi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kwa nthawi yayitali, adawawona mofanana ndi nyama zakufa. Ngakhale kuti amakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa, amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zakutchire. Maziko a izi anali kafukufuku wamtundu.
Asayansi anafika pozindikira kuti makolo akale a myxines amakono anali ndi zoyambira za msana, zomwe zimayimilidwa ndi zinthu zosafalikira za cartilaginous, monga nyali, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi abale apamtima kwambiri a myxines.
Kanema: Mixina
Asayansi adakwanitsa kunena kuti ma myxines akale adalipo kale padziko lapansi zaka zopitilira 350 miliyoni zapitazo. Komabe, anthuwa anali atasowa kale zoyambira msana, koma anali ndi ziwalo zowonera, zomwe zidapangidwa bwino ndikupatsa nyamazo masomphenya abwino. Popita nthawi, pakupanga kusintha, ziwalo zamasomphenya zidasiya ntchito yawo yayikulu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timagwira ntchito yogwira, takhala chiwalo chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo owonetsera mlengalenga.
Asayansi akuti kwazaka zitatu kapena sikisi zapitazi, nyama izi sizinasinthe konse. Mwambiri, ngati titha kusanthula njira yonse yosinthira nyongolotsi zam'madzi, titha kudziwa kuti kuyambira pomwe adawonekera sanasinthe mawonekedwe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mixina kapena nsomba zamatsenga
Mixina ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso achindunji. Kunja, amafanana ndi nkhono zazikuluzikulu, kapena mbozi zapadziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 40-70. Nthawi zina, anthu amakula nthawi yayitali.
Chosangalatsa: Wosunga mbiri pakati pa zosakaniza mu kutalika kwa thupi ndi munthu yemwe wafika kutalika kwa masentimita 127.
Pali mphuno imodzi pamutu, yomwe ilibe awiri. Pakamwa pakamwa ndi mphuno zimakwaniritsidwa ndi masharubu. Chiwerengero chawo chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Chiwerengero cha ndevu chitha kufikira pa zidutswa 5 mpaka 8. Ndi ndevu izi zomwe zimathandiza nyama kuyenda mumlengalenga ndikugwira ntchito yokhudza chiwalo chokhudza. Ziwalo za masomphenya m'zinyama sizinakule bwino, chifukwa ndi ukalamba pang'onopang'ono zimakula ndi khungu.
Zipsepse za myxines zimakula bwino, sizikhala mthupi. Pakamwa pakamwa pamakhala mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri, imatseguka mopingasa. M'kamwa muli mizere iwiri ya mano, komanso, pali dzino limodzi losasunthika m'kamwa.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri a zoo sanathe kudziwa momwe nyamayo imapumira. Pambuyo pa maphunziro angapo, zinali zotheka kudziwa kuti kupuma kumachitika kudzera mphuno imodzi. Chiwalo chopumira ndi misempha. Mitsempha ndi ziwalo zomwe zimakhala ndimatumba angapo. Mitundu ya woimira nyamayi ndi nyama zitha kukhala zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera dera komanso malo okhala.
Mitundu iti yomwe imakhala ya mixins:
- pinki;
- wofiira ndi imvi;
- bulauni;
- lilac;
- wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Chodabwitsa cha nyama ndikupezeka kwa mabowo momwe amapangira ntchofu. Ndi thandizo lake kuti athe kupewera kuukira nyama zolusa ndi kusaka. Mamina omwe zolengedwa izi zimapanga amakhala ndi keratin ndi mucin. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa mamvekedwe kukhala olimba, owoneka bwino ndipo salola kuti atsukidwe ndi madzi.
Myxin ilibe msana, ndipo chigaza chili ndi mafinya. Kapangidwe kamkati ka thupi ndi kofanananso ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la ena okhala m'madzi. Ali ndi ubongo awiri ndi mitima inayi. Chodabwitsa, magazi amadutsa m'mitima yonse inayi. Zowonjezera zimapezeka pamutu, mchira, ndi chiwindi. Ngakhale umodzi wa mitima utasweka, izi sizingasokoneze moyo wake mwanjira iliyonse.
Kodi myxina amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mixina nsomba
Mixina ndi nyama yomwe imangokhala m'madzi apadziko lonse lapansi. Zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana. Anthu ambiri amasungidwa akuya pamamita 300-500. Komabe, pali oimira amtundu uwu, omwe amapezeka pamtunda wakuya mamita 1000. Mixina amakhala pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja, sasunthira patali ndi gombe. Amakonda madera okhala ndi kotentha komanso kotentha.
Malo okhala nyama:
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Europe;
- Iceland;
- kumadzulo kwa Sweden;
- kum'mwera kwa Norway;
- England;
- Greenland.
M'dera la Russia, asodzi nthawi zambiri amakumana naye mu Nyanja ya Barents. Mitundu ya myxine ya Atlantic imakhala pansi pa North Sea ndi madera akumadzulo a Atlantic. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhala pansi panyanja. Koposa zonse amakonda dothi, matope, mchenga pansi. Nyengo yozizira ikayamba, nyama zimatsikira kumtunda woposa ma kilomita 1.4 kuti zipirire kuzizira.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kusakaniza kumapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Amadya chiyani Maxina?
Chithunzi: Mixins
Mixina ndi wa zolengedwa zodya nyama. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pa nyanja. Ndiko komwe amadzipezera chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, nyongolotsi yam'madzi imangokumba m'nyanjayo ndikusaka zotsalira za zamoyo zakufa. Myxine amalowa nsomba zakufa ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi kudzera pakamwa kapena pamiyala. Mkati mthupi, chinyama chimangochotsa zotsalira za mafupa a mafupa.
Kuphatikiza pa kuti nsombazi zimadyetsa zotsalira za anthu okhala m'nyanja zakufa, zimaukira nsomba zofooka, zodwala, kapena nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa ndi maukonde. Nthawi zambiri, zosakaniza zimatha kusaka m'matumba athunthu. Ndi mano awo akuthwa, amaluma kukhoma kwammbali mwa thupi la nsombayo ndipo amadya poyamba ziwalo zamkati, kenako nyama ya nyama yawo. Ngati nsombayo ikupitirizabe kulimbana, nyongolotsi yam'madzi imangoyamba kutulutsa ntchintchi yambiri, yomwe imatseka mabowo. Wodya nyama zam'madzi amafa chifukwa chobanika.
Asodzi amadziwa kuti ndizopanda phindu kuwedza m'malo am'madzi am'nyanja awa, komabe sangathe kugwira chilichonse. Myxin amapita kukasaka nyama yofunikira usiku. Amadyetsa chilichonse chomwe chilipo ngati chinthu chosakidwa.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati fodya:
- kodula;
- haddock;
- mbalame yamphongo;
- nsomba ya makerele;
- hering'i.
Kuphatikiza pa okhala m'madzi omwe ali pamwambapa, nsomba zamatsenga sizinyoza mtundu wina uliwonse wa nsomba, kuphatikiza mitundu yayikulu kwambiri - nsombazi, ma dolphin. Amakonda kuwukira wovulalayo yekha, kapena ngati gulu lonse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Asodzi atakwanitsa kugwira nsomba, mkati momwe amatha kuwerengera tiziromboti zoposa 120!
Nyama zambiri zam'madzi izi zitha kukhala zochuluka kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha gulu limodzi chitha kufikira zikwi zingapo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mixin sea worm
The mixina ndi nyama yodabwitsa kwambiri yomwe imakopa chidwi chambiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri a zoo ndi ofufuza. Amapangidwa mwachilengedwe kuti athe kupanga ntchofu zambiri.
Zosangalatsa: Munthu wamkulu m'modzi amatha kutulutsa chidebe cha mamina m'masekondi ochepa.
Pakadali pano, nyama iliyonse ikafuna kugunda nyongolotsi yam'nyanja, imatulutsa mamina ambiri nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kupumira kwa mlenjeyo. Pambuyo pake, nyamayo itagonjetsedwa, myxina imatsuka mamina ake. Ikupindika mpaka mu mfundo. Nyama imayamba kutambasula kuchokera kumchira, pang'onopang'ono kusunthira mfundo mpaka kumapeto kwa mutu. Asayansi akuwona kuti ndi kusowa kwa mamba komwe kumathandizira ma mixins kutsuka thupi lawo mwachangu kwambiri.
Nyongolotsi zam'madzi zimawerengedwa ngati nyama zakusiku. Masana, amakonda kugona. Munthawi imeneyi, nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'manda ndi mchira wawo kumapeto. Mutu wokhawo umatsalira kumtunda. Mdima utayamba, nyama zimayamba kusaka.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Miksina
Njira yobereketsa ya myxines siyikumveka bwino. Asayansi adatha kudziwa kuti chiwerengero cha akazi chimaposa kwambiri chiwerengero cha amuna. Kwa akazi pafupifupi zana limodzi, yamwamuna m'modzi yekha. Mwachilengedwe, pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndimakhalidwe ogonana amuna ndi akazi ndipo amatchedwa hermaphrodites. Chifukwa cha izi, sawopsezedwa kuti atha kapena atha. Zilombozi zimakonda kudziyimira pawokha ngati palibe amuna okwanira kuberekana.
M'nyengo yoswana, nyama zimachoka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikumira kwambiri. Mkazi wamkazi amasankha malo oyenera kuyikira mazira. Mkazi mmodzi amatha kuikira mazira 10 mpaka 30 apakatikati, otambalala pang'ono. Kukula kwa dzira limodzi pafupifupi 2 sentimita. Mazira atayikidwa, yaimuna imawathira feteleza.
Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zam'madzi, nyongolotsi yam'madzi siyifa ikayika mazira. Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, nsomba zamatsenga sizidya kalikonse, chifukwa chake, atasiya anawo, amathamangira kukakonzanso mphamvu zomwe agwiritsa ntchito ndikukhala nazo zokwanira. Mixina amasiya ana kangapo m'moyo wake wonse.
Asayansi sanagwirizane pankhani yakukula kwa mbewu ya myxin. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi gawo lalikulu. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kulibe. Komabe, tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyongolotsi zomwe zidabadwa mwachangu kwambiri zimawoneka ngati makolo awo ndikudziyimira pawokha. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi nyama zam'nyanja ndi zaka 10-14.
Adani achilengedwe a mixin
Chithunzi: European mixina
Masiku ano, zosakaniza zilibe mdani m'malo awo achilengedwe. Zinyama zam'madzi sizikuwakonda kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti nsomba zamatsenga zimatulutsa mamina ochuluka kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizosavuta kutuluka ngakhale nyama zowopsa kwambiri.
Chifukwa choti woimira zamoyo zam'madzi ndi nyama ali ndi mawonekedwe onyansa, samasakidwa. Ngakhale zili zofunikira kudziwa kuti m'maiko ena, monga Japan, Taiwan ndi South Korea, zakudya zokoma komanso zosowa kwambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nyama yosakanikirana. M'mayiko ambiri, ma slugs am'nyanja amadziwika ngati tizirombo tausodzi wamalonda.
Masiku ano, anthu aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale zolengedwa monga nsomba zamatsenga pazolinga zawo. Anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku North America amadziwika ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza popanga zikopa ndikupanga dziko lotchuka "khungu la eel" kuchokera kwa iwo.
Zosangalatsa: Mixina ndiye moyo wam'madzi wokhawo womwe ungathe kuyetsemula. Mothandizidwa ndi nyumbayi, amachotsa mphuno zake zokha zomwe zalowa mmenemo.
Akatswiri amakono azamalonda ndi akatswiri azamalonda apeza mtundu wamtengo wapatali wamatope - kuthekera kofulumizitsa njira yophimba magazi. Asayansi akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito malowa mu pharmacology ndikupanga mankhwala a hemostatic pamaziko a chinthucho. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mwachilengedwe, nsomba zamatsenga sizikhala ndi adani.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nsomba ya mfiti, kapena mixima
Masiku ano, asayansi akuwona kuti nyama zam'madzi izi sizikuwopsyeza kutha. Alibe mdani kuthengo, chifukwa miyala yomwe amapangira ndi chida champhamvu cholimbana ndi zilombo zamtundu uliwonse. Ngakhale zilombo zazikulu komanso zowopsa sizimatha kulimbana ndi zosakaniza. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri ndi a hermaphrodites, amatha kudziwa okha momwe amagonana panthawi yokolola. Nyama zam'madzi ndizambiri, zimatha kudya zokodwa muukonde, kapena nsomba zofooka komanso zodwala, ndi zotsalira zam'madzi.
Chifukwa chowoneka, komanso momwe amadyera, ndizonyansa, anthu samazisaka. M'madera ena momwe nsomba zimachitikira, nsomba za m'nyanja zimawerengedwa kuti ndi tizilombo. Masiku ano, mixin amangogulitsidwa ku North America. Kumeneku amatumizidwa kuti akapange khungu la eel. Kudera lino, kupanga zikopa kwapangidwa kale.
M'mayiko ena aku Asia, nyama zam'madzi izi zimadyabe. Ku South Korea, Japan, ndi Taiwan, mfiti zophika nsomba zimaphika zakudya zambiri zokazinga. Asayansi amakono apeza kuti mamina am'madzi am'madzi ali ndi katundu wodabwitsa - kupititsa patsogolo njira yodziwitsira magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, kafukufuku wambiri akuchitika, pomwe ofufuza akuyesera kupanga mankhwala a hemostatic pamaziko a chinthuchi.
Mixins ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa zomwe moyo wawo umasangalatsa asayansi ambiri komanso kunyansidwa ndi anthu ambiri nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kudziyimira pawokha pa nthawi yogonana, komanso kuthekera kwawo kuteteza ndi mamina okhwima, odyera komanso kudya chilichonse chomwe chingadye, ndi nyama zam'madzi zosavulaza. Munthuyo sawonetsa chidwi chilichonse kwa iwo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo onyansa komanso momwe amakhalira. M'madera ambiri, momwe masukulu akuluakulu azilombozi amapezeka, kusodza kwa mafakitale kwayimitsidwa, kuyambira pamenepo kusakaniza amawononga kwambiri nsomba.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 ku 21:10
