Mouflon

Mouflon - m'modzi mwa omwe amaimira nkhosa zamphongo, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwake. Ndiwofala ku Europe, Asia komanso pazilumba za Mediterranean. Ndi ma mouflon omwe ndi makolo a nkhosa wamba, chifukwa nkhosa yamphongo yamtunduwu inali ndi mizu yamakedzana kalekale. Ma mouflon amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi amphongo amphongo, komanso amasiyana pamitundu, kutengera malo omwe amakhala.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Mouflon

Mouflon ndi nyama yamtundu wa nkhosa zamphongo, ndizowala kwambiri za artiodactyls. Ma mouflon ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a nkhosa zamtchire. Zinyama zonse zamtundu wamphongo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe angapo apadera omwe amapezeka mwa oimira ambiri.

Mwanjira:

• Kukula kumafota mpaka 65 cm mwa akazi komanso mpaka 125 masentimita amuna;
• samasintha (kapena kawirikawiri - mumitundu ina) samasintha malaya awo, koma utoto umasiyanasiyana pakuwala mpaka pafupifupi wakuda;
• amuna nthawi zambiri amavala manewa pakhosi, ndipo wamkulu mwana wamphongo, amakhala wonenepa;
• nkhosa zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi mbuzi, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi kupanda ndevu kumaso ndi nyanga zopindika (mbuzi ndizowongoka);
• nkhosa zamphongo zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 10-12;
• Nkhosa zamphongo zimakhala ndi nyanga zokhotakhota, ndipo chachimuna chikakhala chachikulire, nyanga zake zimatalikiranso kwambiri.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi zina mu nkhosa zamphongo zakale nyanga zimafikira kutalika kwakuti zimayamba kukumba chigaza ndi nsonga zakuthwa, ndikukula. Anthu ena amafa chifukwa cha nyanga zawo.

Kulemera kwa nkhosa zamphongo kumasiyanasiyana - atha kukhala anthu apakatikati mpaka makilogalamu 20, ndi zimphona mu 200 kg. Pali mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi ma chromosomes angapo. Ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana, mitundu ya anthu imatha kukhatirana. Ma genetics adagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kubala ana apamwamba kwambiri, othandiza kwambiri a nkhosa zoweta, omwe ali ndi ubweya wambiri, nyama komanso chikhalidwe chawo.

Kanema: Mouflon

Nkhosa zamphongo zonse ndi nyama zakubadwa nthawi, zomwe zimakonda kudyetsa nyama zambiri, ngakhale usiku zimatha kutsikira kuzidikha kukadya udzu. Akazi omwe ali ndi ana amphongo amapanga maakazi, omwe amakhala ndiimuna imodzi yamphamvu kwambiri. Koma amuna amakhala mu gulu losiyana momwe muli maulamuliro okhwima. Imakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwa nyanga (zomwe zili ndi nyanga zazitali ndizolimba) kapena kudzera pakutsutsana. Amuna amasonyeza mphamvu zawo pomenyana ndi nyanga; nthawi zina nkhondo zoterezi zimapha adani awo.

Mitundu yambiri yamphongo imakonda kukhala kumapiri: miyendo yawo imasinthidwa kuti iziyenda pamiyala ndi pamiyala, ndipo pali nyama zolusa zochepa. Koma pali mitundu yamphongo yomwe imakhala m'zipululu ndi m'mapiri.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Nkhosa Mouflon

Mouflons ndi nyama zolimba mpaka 70 cm kutalika zikafota. Amakhala ndi chovala chachifupi, chofunda cha bulauni, bulauni yakuda kapena pafupifupi mtundu wakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya umadetsa, umakhazikika; nthawi yotentha, akazi amatha kukhala ndi mthunzi pafupi ndi zofiira. Nthawi zina m'mbali mwa amuna, makamaka munthawi yosungunuka, pamatuluka zipsera zoyera zaubweya wofewa. Miyendo, mimba, kumbuyo, mphuno ndipo, nthawi zina, khosi - loyera, loyera kapena loyera. Amuna ali ndi mane pang'ono mkati mwa khosi omwe amafika mpaka pachifuwa ndipo nthawi zina amafika kutalika kwa bondo.

Kutalika, nkhosa yayikulu imafika pafupifupi mita 1.25, pomwe 10 cm ndi mchira wake. Komanso, amuna amakhala ndi nyanga zikuluzikulu zotambalala zomwe zimapinda. Kutalika kwa nyanga ngati izi ndi masentimita 65, koma zimakula m'moyo wonse ndipo zimatha kufikira masentimita 80. Nyangazi ndizopindika ndi malekezero akuthwa mkati, zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa, yomwe imachepetsa kulemera kwake ndikupangitsa kuti nyanga zizikhala zolimba. Zazikazi zimasowa nyanga kapena zimakhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono kwambiri - sizifunikira kuti zizikhala ndi gulu la ziweto.

Zosangalatsa: Nyanga za ma mouflon ena amakhala ndi mulingo wagolide.

Ma mouflon ndi amitundu iwiri, koma siosiyana kwenikweni ndi wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, mphalapala wa ku Ulaya ndi wocheperapo poyerekeza ndi wachibale wake, nyama yotchedwa Transcaucasian mouflon. Ngati kukula kwa European kuli pafupifupi 70 cm pakufota, ndiye kuti Transcaucasian imatha kufikira masentimita 90. Mtundu wachiwiri, monga lamulo, umakhala wakuda pang'ono, popeza chovalacho chimakhala cholimba komanso cholimba chifukwa chazizira. M'magulu am'mbuyomu, pali mitundu ing'onoing'ono yama mouflon, koma yonse ndi mphukira za mitundu iwiriyi, yomwe imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Chigoba cha mouflon wamphongo nthawi zina chimafika 300 cm m'litali, mwa akazi pafupifupi - masentimita 250. Ma mouflons ndi amodzi mwamitundu yaying'ono yamphongo yomwe imasintha ubweya wawo nthawi zonse, yotentha m'nyengo yozizira ndikuthira malaya awo amkati pofika masika. Mwanawankhosa amabadwa wonyezimira, koma ndi malamulo olimba, chifukwa chake, patsiku loyamba amatha kuthamanga mwamphamvu, ndipo pambuyo pake - kukwera miyala ikuluikulu ndi miyala mofanana ndi amayi awo.

Kodi mouflon amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Mouflon ku Russia

Mitundu iwiri ya mouflon imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma malo awo okhala ndi miyala.

Mouflon waku Europe kale anali chinthu chosakidwa mwachangu, chifukwa chake lero, kuwonjezera pa nkhokwe, zitha kupezeka m'malo awa:

• chilumba cha Corsica. Awa ndi malo abwino okhala nkhosa, chifukwa chilumbachi chili ndi mapiri ataliatali, chili ndi nkhalango ndi zigwa zambiri. Nkhosa zimapezeka mkatikati mwa chilumbacho;
• chilumba cha Sardinia; nyengo youma imaphatikizidwa ndi nyengo yofatsa. Nkhosa zimakhala pachilumba chonse, koma makamaka kuzidikha;
• kukhazikika kwanyumba kumachitika kum'mwera kwa Europe.

Mtundu uwu wa mouflon umakonda malo am'mapiri, owoloka ndi zigawo zosalala - m'nyengo yozizira nkhosa zimapita kumiyala, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe zimapita kukadyetsa chigwa. Gulu la ma mouflon aku Europe limatha kufikira mitu zana, koma yonse ndi yaikazi. Amuna amalowa nawo gulu ladzinja ndi chilimwe, munyengo yovutikira, pomwe amakonza ndewu zamasewera oyenera kukwatirana.

Mouflon waku Asia (kapena Transcaucasian) amapezeka m'malo awa:

• Transcaucasia;
• Turkmenistan;
• Tajikistan;
• zisumbu za Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Nkhosa zamphongo zinabweretsedwa ndi othawa kwawo poyamba ngati chakudya panthawi yopanga nthaka, koma anthu ena amatha kuberekana ndikusintha nyengo yotentha;
• kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India.

Chosangalatsa: Mu 2018, mouflon waku Asia adapezeka ku mapiri a Ustyurut ku Kazakhstan. Awa ndi malo achipululu paphiri laling'ono, koma nkhosa zamphongo zasintha moyo wawo.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nkhalango yamphongo yamtchire imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.

Kodi mouflon amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mouflon wamkazi

Dera lamapiri, momwe mumakhala mbalame zambiri zam'madzi ku Asia, mulibe zomera zambiri. Nkhosa zaphunzira kukumba mizu ya zomera ndi kufunafuna chakudya pamapiri otsetsereka. Malingana ndi kupezeka kwa madzi akumwa ndi chakudya, ma mouflon amatha kusamukira kumalo osiyanasiyana.

Gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha ma mouflon ndi:

• udzu wobiriwira;
• dzinthu;
• mizu;
• nthambi zowuma;
• kudzala zipatso, mphukira;
• zipatso;
• masamba a mitengo yazipatso.

M'chilimwe, ma mouflon amadya kwambiri, chifukwa amafunika kunenepa nthawi yachisanu isanafike, momwe chakudya chimakhala chovuta kupeza. Mmimba mwa nkhosa zamphongo zimatha kugaya mitundu yolimba yazomera, yomwe imathandiza makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, amalephera kuonda; amuna ena, omwe amakhala m'malo otsika kwambiri, sakhala m'nyengo yozizira chifukwa chosowa chakudya.

Nthawi zina nkhosa zimapita kuminda yolima, komwe zimadya tirigu ndi zina. Amalemera msanga, koma patangopita nthawi yochepa, gulu lankhosa limawononga mbewu. Amawononganso chimodzimodzi pa mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka m'chigwa mchaka cha masika. Nkhosa, zotsika kuchokera kumapiri, ngakhale zimadya mitengo yaying'ono ndi zitsamba, kukumba mizu yawo.

Ma mouflon samafunika madzi, chifukwa amatha kumwa madzi amchere kwambiri - matupi awo amapangira mchere mwangwiro. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo omwe nyama zolusa sizingakhale bwinobwino chifukwa chakusowa madzi.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Ma mouflons aku Crimea

Ma mouflon, monga mitundu ina ya nkhosa zamphongo, amakhala m'magulu mpaka mitu zana. Gululo limapangidwa ndi akazi ndi ana ankhosa. Palibe olowerera pagulu lino, ana ankhosa amaleredwa osati ndi amayi awo okha, komanso ndi nkhosa zina. Amuna amakhala mosiyana ndi akazi m'gulu laling'ono.

Chosangalatsa: Ku Transcaucasia, nkhosa yamphongo yamphongo imatchedwa "mufrone", ndipo wamkazi amatchedwa "mufr".

Maudindo apamwamba a gulu la amuna ndi osiyana ndi gulu lazimayi: pali alpha yemwe amasunga nkhosa zamphongo zotsalazo. Pambuyo pa alpha, pali nkhosa zamphongo zingapo zomwe zimakhala muulingo wotsatira - ndi zina mpaka gulu la omegas. Monga mwalamulo, awa ndi ana a nkhosa aang'ono kapena ovulala ndi odwala, komanso nkhosa zamphongo zomwe zataya nyanga pazifukwa zina.

Nyanga ndi chizindikiro chokhala pakati pa nkhosa zamphongo. Ngakhale nkhosa yamphongo yakale yokhala ndi nyanga zotambasula imakhala ndiudindo wapamwamba pagulu. Nkhosa zimamenyera nkhondo zoyeserera panthawi yazovuta, zikadziwika yemwe ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi mkazi. Nkhosa yamphongo yamphamvu kwambiri imadzaza nkhosa zochuluka kwambiri, pomwe yamphongo yofooka kwambiri siyikhala ndi ufulu wokwatirana nayo konse.

Mwa iwo okha, nkhosa zamphongo ndi nyama zamtendere komanso zamanyazi, zomwe zimafanana ndi ziweto. M'nyengo yozizira, akakumana ndi zoopsa, ngakhale amuna amphamvu amatha kukonda kuthawa, pokhapokha atakakamizidwa kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazi zimakhala zofooka chifukwa chosowa chakudya, chifukwa chake zimabisala kumapiri kuti zikumane ndi adani nthawi zambiri.

M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, nkhosa zamphongo zamphongo zimakhala zankhanza, ndipo zimakhala zoopsa kuwafikira. Nthawi yamakani kwambiri ndi nthawi yamaphunziro, pomwe amuna amamenyera ufulu wakukwatirana. Azimayi nthawi zonse amakhala amanyazi, koma ngati chiwopsezo chikuwopseza mwanawankhosa, amatha kuthamangitsa mdani. Ma mouflon achimuna sateteza gulu la ziweto mwanjira iliyonse; Chifukwa chosowa mtsogoleri m'modzi, nkhosa zamphongo zimangoyendayenda zokha, zimayenda zitamwa madzi ndi chakudya.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Mouflon waku Armenia

Pa nthawi yovutirapo, gulu la anyani amphongo amakumana ndi gulu la akazi pamalo athyathyathya. Kumeneku amuna amayamba masewera olimbirana ufulu wa kukwatirana ndi akazi. Masewera ndi ndewu zomwe amuna awiri amagundana ndi nyanga zawo. Chigoba chawo chimawalola kupirira kumenyedwa koopsa popanda kuwononga dongosolo lamanjenje ndi ubongo. Nthawi zina ndewu zotere zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwa amuna ofooka, chifukwa amatha kuvulala kwambiri kapena kufa kumene. Komanso, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma mouflon amalumikizana ndi nyanga zawo ndipo sangathe kumwazikana.

Rut imayamba munthawi zosiyanasiyana kutengera komwe nkhono za mouflon zimakhala - zitha kukhala Marichi-Epulo kapena Disembala, ngati nyama sikukhala kumalo ozizira. Zazimayi zimagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a 10-15, pomwe amuna 4-6 amabwera. Asanagundane ndi nyanga, amuna amabalalika mpaka 20 mita ndikumawombana wina ndi mnzake mwamphamvu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, siamphamvu omwe amapambana, koma olimba, chifukwa ndewu zotere zimawononga nyama.

Amayi amakula msinkhu wokwanira chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo amuna azaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Ngakhale amuna omwe sanalandire udindo wolimba kwambiri komanso wopirira kwambiri ali ndi mwayi wokwatirana nawo, chifukwa "masewera" atatha "nkhosa zamphongo" sizithamangitsidwa m'gulu. Kutenga kwa nkhosa kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu, koma yamphongo satenga nawo mbali posamalira mkazi kapena posamalira ana - nkhosa zamphongo sizimapanga mitala.

Yaikazi imabweretsa mwanawankhosa mmodzi kapena awiri, omwe m'maola awiri oyamba amoyo amatha kuyimirira. Kwa milungu inayi yoyambirira, mwanawankhosa amadya mkaka wa m'mawere, koma amatha kudya mbewu zofewa. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, nkhosa zamphongo zazimuna zimachoka pagulu lazimayi ndikukhala m'malo olowetsa gulu la amuna.

Poyamba, mwanawankhosa wamphongo amakhalabe pakati pa omegas, wokhala pamalo ochepera olamulira. Koma amatha kumenya nawo nkhosa zamphongo zakale kuti atenge malo awo ndikukwera masitepe angapo. Pafupifupi, kuthengo, nkhosa zamphongo zimakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zitatu, koma mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chitha kufikira zaka 10-15.

Adani achilengedwe a mouflons

Chithunzi: Transcaucasian mouflon

Malingana ndi malo okhala, ankhandwe amakhala ndi adani osiyanasiyana.

Ma mouflon aku Asia angakumane nawo:

• panther;
• nyalugwe (kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Turkmenistan);
• kupondaponda;
• Akambuku a ku Transcaucasia;
• nkhandwe (zimaopseza ana a nkhosa);
• chimbalangondo chofiirira.

Monga mukuwonera, nyama zolusa zambiri ndi mbalame zomwe zimatha kukwera miyala ndikufikira nkhosa m'malo otetezedwa kwambiri.

Adani a mouflon aku Europe ndi awa:

• nthenda ya sardinian;
• Sardinian dholi (mayini);
• nkhandwe;
• martens;
• kawirikawiri, nkhosa zamphongo zimatha kuthamangira mimbulu.

Ma mouflon akumadera a ku Europe ndi otetezedwa kwambiri ku nyama zolusa, chifukwa kusaka kumalephereka chifukwa cha mapiri komwe kumakhala nkhosa zamphongo.

Komanso chiwopsezo chimadza ndi mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimakoka ana ankhosa, omwe ndi:

• khosi lakuda;
• chiwombankhanga;
• chiwombankhanga chagolide;
• khungubwe;
• mitundu ina ya ma kite.

Mouflons sangathe kuthamangitsa nyama zolusa. Panthawi yokhotakhota, amuna, olusa, amatha kuwukira poyankha adani omwe agwidwa ndi gulu. Zazikazi siziteteza ana, ndipo pakawopsa ziweto, zimakonda kuthawa woukirayo. Kusadziteteza kotereku kumayenderana ndikuchepetsa kwakanthawi pakati pa mitundu yonse yamphongo, komanso kubereka kwambiri kwa ma mouflon - ng'ombe imodzi imakonda nkhosa zamphongo, pomwe ma mouflon amatha kubweretsa awiri kapena ocheperako katatu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Ma Mouflons

M'zaka za zana la 20, ma mouflon anali osakidwa mwakhama, chifukwa cha zomwe subspecies zaku Europe zinali pafupi kutha. Kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka, anthu ena anafalikira kumadera akumwera kwa Europe, ndipo chifukwa chosowa adani achilengedwe, nkhosazo zidabwezeretsedwa. Mouflon amapereka khungu lolimba komanso nyama yokoma, chifukwa chake amasakidwabe mpaka pano.

Chifukwa cha kuthekera kowoloka kwapakatikati, nkhosa zamphongo izi zimadziwikanso ngati ziweto. Ndikosavuta kuweta ma mouflon, koma mutha kuwoloka ndi nkhosa zoweta. Mwachitsanzo, agulugufe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga merino wamapiri, mtundu wapadera wa nkhosa zoweta zomwe zimatha kudya msipu chaka chonse.

Mouflon waku Asia sanatheretu, chifukwa alibe phindu. Ndi chinthu chosaka masewera, nyanga zake zimagulitsidwa ngati zikho zotsika mtengo. Palibe mankhwala kapena zakudya zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi nyama yaku mouflon yaku Asia. Ma mouflon amasungidwa mu ukapolo, ndipo pakhola lotseguka moyo wawo umachuluka mpaka zaka 15-17. Nyama zimazolowera kusungika kulikonse ndipo zimayamba kunenepa, koma sizizolowera anthu.

Mouflon adagwira ntchito yofunikira pamoyo wamunthu, chifukwa zonena za makolo awo zidapezeka pazithunzi zapakhoma zaka 3,000 BC. Nthawi zonse amapatsa anthu khungu lolimba komanso nyama yathanzi. Powoloka nkhosa zamphongo izi ndi mitundu ina, anthu adatha kubzala mitundu yatsopano ya nkhosa zoweta, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira kwakukulu, nyama yokoma ndi tsitsi lolemera.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 07.07.2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 24.09.2019 pa 20:49