Lero, alimi ambiri akuweta nkhumba zaku Vietnam. Mtundu uwu wa nkhumba yaku Asia uli ndi maubwino angapo. Vietnamese nkhumba Imakula kukula kwakukulu, imayamba kulemera msanga, komanso imazolowera msanga mndende ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera.
M'madera a Russia, mtundu uwu sunalembetsedwe mwalamulo, komabe, oweta ambiri ndi akatswiri azowona amatcha izi ndizabwino kwambiri. Ochita kafukufuku amawona zabwino zake zambiri poyerekeza ndi nyama zomwe zimakwezedwa mdera lathu. Kuphatikiza pa kuti sakufuna kuti akhale m'ndende, ali ndi chitetezo chokhazikika komanso cholimba komanso nyama yabwino kwambiri. Kutha msinkhu kumawonedwa ngati phindu lina lalikulu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Vietnamese nkhumba
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtundu uwu wa nkhumba udaswedwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia zaka 200-250 zapitazo. Iwo anafika ku gawo la masiku ano Europe ndi mayiko ena padziko lonse mu 1985. Mitunduyi idatchedwa nkhumba zamphesa zaku Vietnam chifukwa zidafalikira kuchokera ku Vietnam. Nkhumba zimafalikira mwachangu osati m'maiko osiyanasiyana ku Europe ndi Asia, komanso m'maiko ena. Alimi komanso oweta ziweto ku Europe ndi America amawakonda kwambiri. M'mayiko monga Hungary ndi Canada, malo akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi osinthira ndi kusinthitsa mitundu asinthidwa.
Akatswiri amakono azanyama amayesetsa kukonza mtundu wa nkhumba zoweta ndipo, pankhaniyi, akhazikitsa zolinga zotsatirazi:
- kuswana mtundu womwe ungathe kukula kwambiri, chifukwa chake, utha kunenepa kwambiri munthawi yochepa;
- kuonjezera zokolola;
- onjezerani kuchuluka kwa minofu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta.
Mpaka pano, akatswiri azanyama akuyesera kupanga mitundu yabwino ya nkhumba zoweta zomwe zingakwaniritse zofunikira za alimi amakono. Nkhumba zaku Vietnamese zidawonekera kudera la Russia osati kale kwambiri. Obereketsa nyama iyi nthawi yomweyo adaganiza kuti pali mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu. Komabe, anali olakwitsa.
Pambuyo pake, mtunduwu unali ndi mayina angapo. Mayina athunthu amtunduwu ndi nkhumba zaku Asia zodyedwa ndi mphika. Nkhumba zaku Vietnamese zidakhala zoyambitsa mtundu watsopano wa nkhumba, zomwe zimatchedwa mini-nkhumba, zomwe zikutanthauza "nkhumba zazing'ono".
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Vietnamese pot pot bellied pig
Nkhumba yachikulire yaku Vietnam ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Amatha kulemera pafupifupi 70-100 kilograms. Anthu obereketsa amatha kulemera mpaka theka ndi theka. Nthawi yogwira ntchito yolimba imatha zaka zisanu zoyambirira. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mukamakula, njirayi imachedwetsa.
Kanema: Vietnamese nkhumba
Amuna ali ndi ziphuphu zazitali. Amayamba kukula ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndikufika kutalika kwa masentimita 10-16. Mtundu uwu ukhoza kukhala ndi mitundu ingapo.
Zosankha zamtundu wa mtundu uwu:
- wakuda (mtundu wofala kwambiri);
- chakuda ndi choyera;
- nsangalabwi;
- mutu wofiira.
Kunja, nyamazo zimafanana ndi zolemera kwambiri, zosakhazikika. Amakhala ndi mimba yayikulu yomwe imagundana pafupifupi pansi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nkhumba zimatchedwa viscera. Nyama zili ndi thupi lamphamvu, lotakata, lolimba la sternum, lalitali, lalitali, lalifupi, lamiyendo yolimba. Thupi la nkhumba limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, lakuda komanso lolimba, makamaka kuzungulira mutu ndi mutu.
Mutu wa mtunduwo ndi wochepa poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi lonse. Imakongoletsedwa pang'ono, kufupikitsidwa ndipo imafanana ndi nkhope ya pug. Pamaso pali makutu akhungu akutha. Makutu ndi ang'ono, otuluka. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwa anthu amtunduwu, mafuta osakanikirana sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama ya nkhumba ndiyodya, yosavuta kugaya ndimafuta ochepa.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati, posankha nkhumba, patsogolo panu pali munthu yemwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma chimphuno chopingasa, iyi si nkhumba yoyera yaku Vietnam.
Kodi nkhumba yaku Vietnam imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Vietnamese nkhumba zoweta
Vietnam ndi mayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia amadziwika kuti ndi kwawo kwawo ku Vietnamese nkhumba. Nyama zimakula bwino nyengo yotentha, youma yaku America ndi Asia. Komabe, amatha kusintha msanga nyengo yozizira yamayiko ena aku Europe ndi Canada. Masiku ano, nyama ndizofala m'malo osiyanasiyana mdziko muno.
Madera omwe nkhumba zimakhala:
- Chitaganya cha Russia;
- Belarus;
- Ukraine;
- Romania;
- Hungary;
- Canada.
Kunyumba, muyenera kukonzekera ndikupanga zinthu zoyenera kuchita izi. Kukonzekera kwa malo osungira nyama kuyenera kulinganizidwa poganizira zofunikira za nyengo mdera lawo. Pofuna kuswana ndi kusunga, nkhumba ya nkhumba, yomwe imamangidwa ndi njerwa kapena matabwa, ndiyabwino. Ndibwino kuti mudzaze pansi ndi konkriti. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuyeretsa. M'madera ozizira komanso ozizira kwambiri, ndi bwino kuphimba pansi ndi chophimba chamatabwa kuti nyama zisamaundane. Ngati chipinda ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chimatha kugawidwa m'magawo okhala ndi matabwa. Khola la nkhumba liyenera kukhala louma, lopuma mpweya wabwino komanso lopanda ma drafts.
Kwa mtundu uwu, zinthu zabwino kwambiri zimakhala m'malo momwe nthawi zina amatha kuyenda momasuka. M'nyengo yotentha, ayenera kupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto, kumene kuli udzu wobiriwira, wowutsa mudyo. Nyama zomwe sizikhala ndi mwayi wotere zimavutika ndi mavitamini ndipo zimapeza minofu pang'onopang'ono.
Kodi nkhumba yaku Vietnam idya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Vietnamese nkhumba
Ambiri obereketsa amtunduwu amalakwitsa kwambiri posankha chakudya. Amakhala ndi mndandanda wofanana ndendende ndi zakudya za nkhumba zoyera wamba. Uku ndikulakwitsa komwe kumatha kubweretsa kusowa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuchepa kwa kukula ndi kunenepa. Sikuti zakudya zimangosiyanasiyana pazakudya komanso mitundu yazogulitsa, komanso kudyetsa komanso kudya pafupipafupi. Oimira amtunduwu samasowa kudya kawiri kapena katatu kokha, komanso kudya pafupipafupi masana. Nkhumba zazing'ono zimakhala ndimimba tating'ono tomwe timagaya chakudya chochepa mwachangu. Vietnamese nkhumba amadziwika ngati herbivores, chifukwa chake, zomwe amadya ndi chakudya chomera.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati fodya:
- dzungu;
- udzu;
- chimanga;
- balere;
- phala;
- nthambi;
- ziphuphu;
- mabokosi;
- mapeyala;
- maapulo;
- zukini;
- mabwalo.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe tatchulazi, nkhumba zaku Vietnamese zimafunikira chakudya chamagulu. Chofunikira china ndikuti simuyenera kudyetsa nyama. Ngati mukufuna kusunga nyama m'malo mwa minofu ya adipose, kuchuluka kwa chimanga ndi tirigu sikuyenera kupitirira 10-15% yazakudya. Pa nthawi yomwe zitsamba zatsopano, zowutsa mudyo zikutha, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera ufa wa mpunga pachakudya, chomwe chimayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi otentha. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nyemba, tirigu ndi udzu wambiri pazakudya.
Nkhumba zimafunikiranso madzi akumwa oyera. M'chilimwe, kufunika kwamadzi kumachepa, popeza nyama zimadya masamba ambiri, zipatso ndi yowutsa mudyo, zomera zobiriwira. Makamaka ayenera kuperekedwa ku chakudya cha ana akhanda obadwa kumene. Ayenera kudyetsedwa maola 2.5-3 aliwonse ndi mbuzi yatsopano kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe. Mulingo wa nthawi imodzi kwamasiku 10-14 oyamba ndi magalamu 20-30. Ndiye mutha kukulitsa pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa chakudya chimodzi. Zakudya izi zimatha mwezi umodzi. Chotsatira, muyenera kuyambitsa pang'onopang'ono zakudya zowonjezera.
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za kudyetsa nkhumba zaku Vietnam. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingasamalire bwino ndikubala mimba zamphika.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Vietnamese Pig Pig
Oimira amtunduwu amakhala odekha, ochezeka komanso odalirika. Amasinthasintha mosiyanasiyana mndende zosiyanasiyana ndipo amakonda kuzolowera munthu. Kuphatikiza pa mikhalidwe yabwino, nkhumba zimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu, chomwe chimawathandiza kupewa matenda ambiri omwe nkhumba zoyera zimadwala. Chodabwitsa, nthumwi za mtunduwu sizimalira, siziluma, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzitsa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhumba zaku Vietnam zachilengedwe kuchokera kubwinobwino zimatha kusiyanitsa maudzu ndi zomera zomwe sizidyedwa.
Kwa moyo wabwinobwino, nyama zimangofunika nkhumba, chakudya chokwanira komanso msipu waulere munthawi yotentha. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti amawopa kuzizira, ma drafts ndi kuwukira kwa helminthic. Oimira mtunduwu, mosiyana ndi abale awo, amadziwika ndi ukhondo. Amagawana bwino malo omwe amapezeka.
Sadzachita chimbudzi ngati pali wodyetsa kapena madzi. Si zachilendo kwa iwo kukhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa ngati nkhumba zoyera. Nkhumba zaku Vietnam zilibe zizolowezi zoipa - sizikumba pansi, sizikoka chikho ndi chakudya mozungulira nkhumba, ndikumwaza kulikonse.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nkhumba za nkhumba zaku Vietnam
Ubwino wabwino kwambiri wa omwe akuyimira mtunduwu ndikubala kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Mkazi m'modzi wokhwima pogonana amatha kubereka ana 15-18 nthawi imodzi! Nthawi zambiri amabadwa ana a nkhumba 12-13.
Nyama pakusankha zibwenzi kuti zikwere ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake sipakhala zovuta pakubereketsa nkhumba zaku Vietnam. Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, akazi amakhala opanda nkhawa, njala yawo imachepa kwambiri. Amayi amakula msinkhu pakadutsa miyezi inayi, amuna ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri pambuyo pake. Posankha banja loyenera, mwini wake ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti anthuwo alibe zibwenzi zapabanja.
Nthawi yakubereka ikakwana, mkazi amayenera kumuyang'anira mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa adzafunika thandizo panthawi yobereka. Mabere a mkazi atatupa ndipo mimba yake ikumira, kwinaku akuchita mopanda tanthauzo, zikutanthauza kuti ana ang'ono abadwa posachedwa. Zimafunika kutsuka nkhumba, kukonza madzi, udzu, ayodini, ubweya wa thonje ndi lumo lodulira umbilical. Chithandizocho chagona poti nkhumba zongobadwa kumene zimachotsa mamina pachimake ndi pakamwa. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mwana aliyense wakhanda alandire gawo loyamba la colostrum ya amayi mkati mwa ola limodzi lobadwa.
Pambuyo pa milungu 2.5-3, ana obadwa kumene amafunika kudyetsedwa, popeza wamkazi sangathe kudyetsa ana ambiri a nkhumba. Ana a nkhumba akamafika msinkhu wa mwezi umodzi, chakudya chawo chiyenera kukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu yowutsa mudyo, yobiriwira, nyemba, beets, madzi ngati chakudya choyamba chokwanira. Nkhumba zaku Vietnamese zimawerengedwa kuti ndi amayi abwino kwambiri, oleza mtima komanso osamala. Nthawi zambiri, pakubereka kwazimayi koyamba, ana osapitirira 6-8 amabadwa. Pambuyo pake, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhumba zaku Vietnam
Chithunzi: nkhumba zaku Vietnam
Nkhumba zambiri zaku Vietnam zimakhala kunyumba. Komabe, nkhumba zakutchire zomwe zimakhala m'malo achilengedwe zili ndi adani ambiri omwe amasangalala kudya nyama yofewa, yokoma komanso yathanzi.
Adani achilengedwe a zitsamba:
- akambuku;
- akambuku;
- mimbulu yofiira;
- Ng'ona zosekedwa.
M'masiku akale, anthu aku Vietnam adathetsa nkhumba zankhondo zaku Vietnam ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati nsembe. Ng'ona zam'madzi amchere zimabweretsa ngozi kwa nkhumba, chifukwa nyama zodya nyama zimabwera pachitsime tsiku lililonse, pomwe nyama zolanda mwazi zimawadikirira. Kumtchire, ana ang'onoang'ono obadwa kumene akhala akusaka kangapo njoka zazikulu zaululu, kapena nyama zikuluzikulu zolusa zokhala ndi nthenga.
Kunyumba, helminths, drafts ndi kutentha pang'ono kumabweretsa ngozi ku nkhumba. M'mayiko omwe muli nyengo yozizira, pamafunika chisamaliro kuti kutentha kokwanira m'khola m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ziweto sizizizira. Mankhwala a antihelminthic amathandizira kuchotsa kuwukira kwa helminthic. Ngati pakhomo nkhumba zimasungidwa popanda mwayi wodyetserako ziweto, zimadwalanso mavitamini, omwe amatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Vietnamese nkhumba nkhumba
Masiku ano, nkhumba zankhondo zaku Vietnamese ndizodziwika bwino. Amasamalidwa bwino ndi alimi padziko lonse lapansi. M'mayiko ena, kuswana kwa nyama zamtunduwu kwakhazikitsidwa. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha nyama chimapezeka ku Hungary ndi Canada.
Asayansi amati nyama ndizofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica. M'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, amapezeka, monga ziweto komanso anthu wamba. Nkhumba zimasinthiranso msanga kuti zizikhala mwachilengedwe. Ndi omnivores, chifukwa chake kupeza chakudya kwa iwo sikovuta. Komabe, kuphatikiza pa izi, amakhala chinthu chosakidwa ndi nyama zambiri zolusa. Nyama yanyama imakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, nkovuta kuti nkhumba zizikhala mwachilengedwe.
Vietnamese nkhumba akupitilizabe kugonjetsa dziko. Alimi padziko lonse lapansi akupeza zabwino zochulukirapo pakuwasamalira ndi kuweta. Amazindikira kuti ndizosavuta, sizovuta komanso zotchipa. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhumbazo ndizokoma mtima komanso zamtendere. Sapanga phokoso ndipo samayambitsa mavuto. Kubereka kwambiri, kukoma mtima, nyama yokoma, yomwe ilibe cholesterol, komanso kulimbana ndi matenda ndizabwino kwambiri pamtunduwu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.07.2019
Idasinthidwa: 24.09.2019 pa 10:18
