Anthu ambiri amadziwa nsomba yodziwika bwino ngati tench. Tench - mtundu woterera, womwe siwophweka kuugwira m'manja, koma asodzi amakhala osangalala kwambiri akamagwidwa, chifukwa nyama ya tench sikudya kokha, komanso yokoma kwambiri. Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa mawonekedwe a tench, koma ndi ochepa omwe amaganiza za moyo wake. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa zizoloŵezi zake za nsomba, khalidwe lake ndi umunthu wake, komanso tipeze komwe amakonda kukhazikika komanso komwe akumva bwino.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Lin
Tench ndi mtundu wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray za banja la carp komanso dongosolo la carps. Ndi membala m'modzi yekhayo yemwe ali ndi dzina lomweli (Tinca). Kuchokera pa dzina la banja la nsomba, zikuwonekeratu kuti carp ndiye wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa tench, ngakhale mukuwoneka simunganene nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa pakuwona koyamba, palibe kufanana. Mamba oonera tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi golide wa azitona komanso ntchofu yosangalatsa yomwe imakutidwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pa tench.
Chosangalatsa: Pamzere wotengedwa m'madzi, ntchentche zimauma mwachangu ndikuyamba kugwa zidutswa zonse, zikuwoneka kuti nsombayo ili kusungunuka, ikutulutsa khungu. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndichifukwa chake adamutcha chomwecho.
Palinso lingaliro lina lokhudza dzina la nsomba lomwe limadziwika ndi moyo wake. Nsombazi ndizosavomerezeka ndipo sizigwira ntchito, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti dzina lake limalumikizidwa ndi liwu loti "ulesi", lomwe pambuyo pake lidapeza mawu atsopano ngati "tench".
Kanema: Lin
Mwachilengedwe, tchire silidagawikidwe m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma pali mitundu ingapo yomwe anthu adabzala mwaukadaulo, iyi ndi tench ya golide ndi Kvolsdorf. Yoyamba ndi yokongola kwambiri komanso yofanana ndi nsomba yagolide, chifukwa chake imakonda kukhala m'mayiwe okongoletsera. Chachiwiri chimafanana ndi mzere wokhazikika, koma chimakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo chimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu (nsomba imodzi ndi theka kilogalamu imawonedwa ngati yoyenera).
Ponena za tench yachizolowezi, yopangidwa ndi chilengedwe chomwecho, imatha kufika kukula kwakukulu, mpaka kutalika kwa 70 cm ndikulemera mpaka 7.5 kg. Zitsanzo zoterezi ndizochepa, chifukwa chake kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba kumasiyana masentimita 20 mpaka 40. M'dziko lathu, asodzi nthawi zambiri amapeza chingwe cholemera magalamu 150 mpaka 700.
Ena amagawa mzere molingana ndi malo omwe amakhala, kuwonetsa:
- mzere wa lacustrine, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi waukulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kwambiri, ndiwodziwika bwino panyanja zazikulu komanso malo osungira;
- Mtsinje wa tench, womwe umasiyana ndi woyamba kukula pang'ono, kamwa mwa nsomba imakwezedwa kumtunda, imakhala m'madzi am'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi magombe;
- tench dziwe, yemwenso ndi yocheperako kuposa tench ya nyanjayi ndipo imakhazikitsanso malo osungira achilengedwe ndi mayiwe opangira;
- dwarf tench, okhazikika m'madamu osungika, chifukwa chake kukula kwake sikupitilira masentimita khumi ndi awiri m'litali, koma ndiofala kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tench ya nsomba
Constitution ya tench ndiyamphamvu kwambiri, thupi lake ndilopamwamba komanso lopanikizika pang'ono kuchokera mbali. Khungu la tench ndilolimba kwambiri ndipo limakutidwa ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono kotero kuti limawoneka ngati khungu la zokwawa. Mtundu wa khungu umawoneka wobiriwira kapena azitona, koma kumverera uku kumapangidwa ndi ntchintchi yambiri. Mukachichotsa, mutha kuwona kuti kamvekedwe kachikaso kofananira kamapambana. Kutengera malo okhala, utoto wa tench umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi wonyezimira-beige wokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira pafupifupi wakuda. Pomwe pansi pake pamakhala mchenga, ndipo mtundu wa nsombazo umayenderana - wopepuka, komanso m'malo osungiramo malo omwe pali matope ambiri ndi peat, tench imakhala ndi mdima wakuda, zonsezi zimathandizira kubisala.
Tench ndi yoterera pazifukwa, ntchofu ndi chitetezo chake chachilengedwe, kupulumutsa kwa adani omwe sakonda nsomba zoterera. Kukhalapo kwa ntchentche kumathandiza tench kupewa njala ya oxygen panthawi yotentha yopanda chilimwe, madzi akatentha kwambiri ndipo mulibe mpweya wokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchofu imakhala ndimankhwala, zochita zake ndizofanana ndi maantibayotiki, motero mizere samadwala kawirikawiri.
Chosangalatsa: Zadziwika kuti mitundu ina ya nsomba imasambira mpaka tench, monga madotolo, ikadwala. Amafika pafupi ndi mzere ndikuyamba kusisita mbali zake zoterera. Mwachitsanzo, ma piki odwala amachita izi, munthawi ngati izi saganiziranso zazakudya zopumira.
Zipsepse za nsomba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofupikitsidwa, zimawoneka zakuda pang'ono ndipo mtundu wawo ndi wakuda kwambiri kuposa utomoni wonse, mwa anthu ena amakhala wakuda. Palibe chomaliza pamapiko a caudal, chifukwa chake ndiyowongoka. Mutu wa nsomba simusiyana kukula kwakukulu. Lin angatchedwe wonenepetsa, pakamwa pake papepuka kuposa mtundu wa masikelo onse. Mano a nsomba amphongo amakonzedwa mzera umodzi ndipo amakhala ndi malekezero opindika. Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timagogomezera kulimba kwake komanso kulumikizana kwam'banja ndi carp. Maso a tench ndi ofiira, ang'ono komanso okhazikika. Amuna amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi akazi chifukwa ali ndi zipsepse zakuthwa zokulirapo ndi zokulirapo. Komanso, amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi, chifukwa amakula pang'onopang'ono.
Kodi tench amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Lin m'madzi
M'gawo la dziko lathu, tench adalembetsedwa kudera lonse la Europe, mwina kulowa madera aku Asia.
Ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake amakonda maiwe a nyanja zotsatirazi:
- Caspian;
- Wakuda;
- Azovsky;
- Baltic.
Mulingo wake umaphimba malo osungira Urals mpaka Nyanja ya Baikal. Nthawi zambiri, koma tench imapezeka m'mitsinje monga Angara, Yenisei ndi Ob. Nsombazi zimakhala ku Europe komanso ku Asia, komwe kumakhala kotentha. Choyambirira, ma tench amakonda makina oyimira madzi m'madera okhala ndi nyengo zotentha.
M'malo otere, amakhala kwamuyaya:
- malo;
- madamu;
- mayiwe;
- nyanja;
- ma ducts okhala ndi kuchepa kofooka.
Lin amayesetsa kupewa madera amadzi ndi madzi ozizira komanso mafunde othamanga, chifukwa chake simudzamupeza m'mitsinje yamapiri. Tench ndiyabwino komanso yosavuta pomwe mabango ndi bango zimamera, matabwa obowoloka amamatira pansi pamatope, pali maiwe ambiri amtendere otenthedwa ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, kokutidwa ndi ndere zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, nsombazi zimapita kumalo akuya kwambiri, pafupi ndi magombe otsetsereka.
Kuchuluka kwa matope a tench ndichimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa amadzipezera chakudya. Masharubu awa amadziwika kuti amangokhala, kukhala moyo wake wonse mdera lomwe lasankhidwa. Lin amakonda kukhala mosangalala komanso mosatekeseka m'matope.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kusowa kwa mpweya, madzi amchere komanso acidity wokwera sizowopsa, chifukwa zimatha kuzolowera kumadzi othithithi ndikukhala m'madzi osefukira, komwe madzi amchere amchere amatha.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba za tench zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungamudyetsere.
Kodi tench amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tench nsomba pansi pa madzi
Nthawi zambiri, menyu ya tench imakhala ndi nyama zopanda mafupa zomwe zimakhala pansi pamatope.
Zakudya za nsomba ndizosiyanasiyana, ma tench sanyansidwa ndi chotupitsa:
- chimbudzi;
- nkhanu;
- kafadala wamadzi;
- ziphuphu;
- kumetchera kafadala;
- mwachangu nsomba zina;
- phytoplankton;
- nkhono;
- nsikidzi zamadzi;
- mitundu yonse ya mphutsi (makamaka udzudzu).
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya cha nyama, tench imadyanso chakudya chodzala ndi chisangalalo: mitundu ingapo ya ndere, mphukira za sedge, bango, chiphalaphala, zimayambira za maluwa amadzi.
Chosangalatsa: Pazakudya, tench ndiwodzichepetsa, ilibe vuto lililonse lazakudya (makamaka nyengo), chifukwa chake imayamwa zomwe imapeza pansi pa zipsepse.
Malo apansi okhala ndi matope kapena peat pansi ndi nkhalango za zomera zam'madzi amasankhidwa ngati malo odyetsera nsomba. Kuti mupeze chakudya, tench kwenikweni imayenera kukumba, kugwetsera pansi, zomwe zimayambitsa mawonekedwe a thovu la mpweya pamwamba pamadzi, lomwe limapereka malo a tench. Nthawi yodyetsa mzereyo ndi m'mawa kwambiri kapena kunja kutacha. Masana, ndi kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, nsombazo sizikufuna kudyetsa. Usiku, tench siyidyetsa, koma imagona m'malo ocheperako. Pakayamba nyengo yozizira, nsombazo zimadya zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimadyetsa pafupipafupi, pang'onopang'ono zimakonzekera kubisala, mukamadyetsa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Golden Line
The tench, mosiyana ndi achibale ake a cyprinid, amadziwika pang'onopang'ono, ulesi, pang'onopang'ono. Lin ndiwosamala kwambiri, wamanyazi, chifukwa chake kumakhala kovuta kuti amugwire. Atakodwa ndi mbedza, umunthu wake wonse umasintha: amayamba kuwonetsa ukali, kusamala, kuponyera mphamvu zake zonse ndipo amatha kuthyola (makamaka cholemetsa). Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mukafuna kukhala ndi moyo, simumadzimangirira motero.
Lin, ngati mole, amapewa kuwala kwa dzuwa, sakonda kutuluka ndikuunika, kukhala mozemba, mumthunzi, m'nkhalango zamadzi mozama. Anthu okhwima amakonda kukhala pawokha, koma nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana m'masukulu a nsomba 5 mpaka 15. Tench imafunanso chakudya chakumadzulo.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kuti tench ndiyosagwira ntchito ndipo sichigwira ntchito, imapangitsa anthu kusamuka pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kusunthira kuchokera kunyanja kupita kuzama, kenako kubwerera kunyanja. Pa nthawi yobereka, amathanso kufunafuna malo atsopano oberekera.
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mizereyo imadzaza ndi matope ndikugwera makanema oimitsa kapena hibernation, omwe amatha ndikufika kwamasiku, pomwe gawo lamadzi limayamba kutentha mpaka madigiri anayi ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Atadzuka, mizere imathamangira pafupi ndi gombe, yodzaza ndi masamba am'madzi, omwe amayamba kulimbitsa pambuyo pa chakudya chautali m'nyengo yozizira. Kwawonedwa kuti pakatentha kwambiri nsombayo imatha kutopa ndipo imayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi pansi, pomwe ikuzizira. Nthawi yophukira ikayandikira ndipo madzi amayamba kuziziritsa pang'ono, tench imagwira ntchito kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Gulu la mizere
Monga tanena kale, mizere ya anthu achikulire kukhala ndi moyo wosakanikirana, imakonda kukhala payokha mumdima wakuya. Achinyamata osadziwa zambiri okha ndi omwe amapanga timagulu tating'ono. Musaiwale kuti tench ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake imangobwera kumapeto kwa Meyi. Madzi akatenthedwa kale (kuyambira madigiri 17 mpaka 20). Mizere yokhwima pogonana imayandikira zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, ikayamba kulemera kuchokera 200 mpaka 400 magalamu.
M'malo mwawo, nsomba zimasankha malo osaya madzi omwe amadzaza ndi mitundu yonse yazomera ndipo amawombedwa pang'ono ndi mphepo. Njira yoberekera imachitika magawo angapo, magawo omwe amatha kukhala milungu iwiri. Mazirawo amayikidwa mozama, nthawi zambiri amakhala ozama mita, amadziphatika ku nthambi zamitengo ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi zimatsikira m'madzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mizere ndi yachonde kwambiri, mkazi m'modzi amatha kutulutsa mazira 20 mpaka 600 zikwi, nthawi yosakaniza yomwe imasiyanasiyana kuyambira maola 70 mpaka 75.
Mazira a tench sali akulu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira. Oswedwa mwachangu, pafupifupi 3 mm kutalika, samachoka komwe amabadwira kwa masiku angapo, atalimbikitsidwa ndi michere yotsalira mu yolk sac. Kenako amayenda ulendo wodziyimira pawokha, mogwirizana. Chakudya chawo choyamba chimakhala ndi zooplankton ndi algae, kenako ma benthic invertebrates amawonekera.
Nsomba zazing'ono zimakula pang'onopang'ono, pofika chaka chimodzi, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3 - 4. Chaka chotsatira, zimapitilira kawiri ndipo zikafika zaka zisanu m'litali mwake zimafika pamasentimita makumi awiri. Zakhazikitsidwa kuti kukula ndikukula kwa mzere kukupitilira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo amakhala kuyambira 12 mpaka 16.
Adani achilengedwe achilengedwe
Chithunzi: Tench ya nsomba
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, nsomba yamtendere komanso yamantha ngati tench ilibe adani ambiri m'malo awo achilengedwe. Nsombazi zimadalira izi chifukwa cha ntchofu zake zapadera zokutira thupi. Nsomba zodya nyama ndi zinyama, zomwe zimakonda kudya ndi nsomba, zimatulutsa mphuno zawo kuchokera ku tench, zomwe sizimapangitsa chidwi chawo chifukwa cha ntchofu zosasangalatsa, zomwe zimakhalanso ndi fungo lake.
Nthawi zambiri, caviar yolamulidwa komanso mwachangu amakumana ndi zowawa zambiri. Tentchiyo siyisunga mikanda yake, ndipo mwachangu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa chake, nsomba zazing'ono ndi mazira amadyedwa mosangalala ndi nsomba zosiyanasiyana (mapikisi, zopindika) ndi nyama (otters, muskrats), ndipo mbalame zam'madzi sizimadana nazo. Masoka achilengedwe nawonso ali ndi mlandu wakufa kwa mazira ochulukirapo, pamene chigumula chimatha ndipo madzi amatsika kwambiri, ndiye kuti mazira m'madzi osaya amangouma.
Munthu amathanso kutchedwa mdani wa tench, makamaka amene walamulira mwaluso ndodo yosodza. Usodzi wa tench nthawi zambiri umayamba usadabereke. Anglers amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yazokopa ndi nyambo, chifukwa tench imasamala kwambiri zatsopano. Tench yomwe idagwidwa ili ndi maubwino angapo: choyamba, ndi mnofu kwambiri, chachiwiri, nyama yake ndi yokoma komanso yazakudya, ndipo chachitatu, palibe chifukwa choyeretsera sikelo, ndiye kuti siyotalika kwambiri kuzungulirana nayo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Lin
Kukula kwa Europe, malo a tench ndiochulukirapo. Ngati tikulankhula za anthu onse pamzera, titha kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwake sikukuwopsezedwa kuti kutha, koma pali zinthu zingapo zoyipa zomwe zimawakhudza. Choyambirira, uku ndikuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha madamu omwe tench adalembetsedwa. Izi ndi zotsatira zakuchuma kwachuma kwa anthu.
Imfa yayikulu ya tench imawonedwa m'nyengo yozizira, pakakhala dontho lakuthwa m'madzi m'madamu, izi zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zomwe zimangobisala zimangozizira kwambiri m'nyanja, zilibe malo okwanira kuti zizibowoleza nyanjayo. Kupha nyama mwachinyengo kukukulira kudera la dziko lathu kupitirira Urals, chifukwa chomwe anthu okhala kumeneko atsika kwambiri.
Zonsezi zomwe anthu adachita zidapangitsa kuti madera ena, akumayiko athu komanso akunja, tench idayamba kutha ndikupangitsa nkhawa mabungwe azachilengedwe, chifukwa chake adaphatikizidwa ndi Red Data Books za malowa. Apanso, ndikuyenera kufotokozera kuti izi zidachitika m'malo ena, osati kwina kulikonse, tench imakhazikika kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwake kuli pamlingo woyenera, osayambitsa mantha aliwonse, omwe sangasangalale. Tikuyembekeza kuti izi zipitilira mtsogolo.
Oyang'anira mzere
Chithunzi: Lin kuchokera ku Red Book
Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa matenchi m'madera ena kunachepetsedwa chifukwa cha zochita zaumunthu zankhanza, chifukwa chake nsomba yosangalatsayi idayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi Red Data Books zamadera amodzi. Tench adalembedwa mu Red Book of Moscow ngati nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo m'derali. Zomwe zikulepheretsa apa ndikutulutsa kwa zimbudzi zonyansa mumtsinje wa Moskva, kugombe kwam'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo ambiri oyendetsa magalimoto omwe amasokoneza nsomba zamanyazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu ogona ku Amur, omwe amadya mazira osungunuka ndi mwachangu.
Kum'mawa kwa Siberia, tench amawerengedwanso kuti ndi yosowa, makamaka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baikal. Kukula kwa umbanda kunadzetsa izi, chifukwa chake tench ili mu Red Book of Buryatia. Tench amawerengedwa kuti ndi osowa m'dera la Yaroslavl chifukwa chosowa malo obisika, odzaza ndi zamoyo zam'madzi, momwe amatha kubala mwamtendere. Zotsatira zake, adalembedwa m'buku la Red Book la Yaroslavl Region. M'dera la Irkutsk, tench imalembedwanso mu Red Book la dera la Irkutsk. Kuphatikiza pa dziko lathu, tench ili pansi pa chitetezo ku Germany, chifukwanambala yake ilinso yaying'ono kwambiri.
Pofuna kuteteza nsomba zamtunduwu, njira zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- kuyang'anira mosalekeza mkhalidwe wa anthu odziwika;
- kuwongolera malo achisanu ndi kubalalitsa;
- kuteteza madera a m'mbali mwa nyanja m'mizinda;
- kuchotsa zinyalala ndi kuipitsa komwe kumapangidwa ndi anthu komwe kumadyera ndi nyengo yachisanu;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiletso cha usodzi panthawi yopereka ziweto;
- Zilango zolimba zaupha.
Pamapeto pake, ndikufuna ndikuwonjezera zachilendo pamiyeso yake komanso kukula kwake tench, adaululidwa kwa ambiri ochokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa zizolowezi zake ndi mawonekedwe ake adasanthula, zomwe zidakhala zamtendere kwambiri, zodekha komanso zosafulumira. Maonekedwe a tench wokongola sangasokonezeke ndi wina aliyense, chifukwa ndizoyambirira komanso yosiyana kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 23.09.2019 pa 22:47
