Zander amatanthauza nsomba yojambulidwa ndi ray yayikulu kukula. Akatswiri a Zoologist amawapatsa banja lachinyama. Oyimira zamoyo zam'madzi amasodzedwa pamalonda. Ndi mtundu uwu wa nsomba womwe ndi maziko okonzekera mbale zambiri. Oimira banja la nsomba amakhala kulikonse, amapezeka ku Russia, komanso m'madera osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Amagawidwa makamaka m'matupi amadzi abwino. Asodzi amatha kugwira nsomba nthawi iliyonse pachaka, osatentha kapena nyengo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sudak
Pike perch ndi ya chordate, yodziwika bwino m'gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray, mtundu wofanana, banja la nsomba, mtundu wa pike-perch, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya pike. Okonda mbale zansomba potengera nsomba za pike samaganiza kuti akudya chimodzi mwazoyimira zakale za zomera ndi zinyama zomwe zikukhala padziko lapansi. Chodabwitsa, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti makolo akale a pike perch amapezeka zaka 25 miliyoni zapitazo. Kwa zaka 4-5 miliyoni zapitazo, sanasinthe mawonekedwe.
Kanema: Sudak
Makolo akale amakono amakono anali nsomba zomwe zimakhala mkatikati mwa nyanja. Nthawi ya mawonekedwe awo amatchedwa nyengo ya Oligocene, zaka 33-23 miliyoni zapitazo. Kafukufuku wambiri wa DNA wazomwe zidapezedwa zidawulula kuti nsomba zamakono zidayambika pa Pliocene, mwina zaka 5.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Siberia amadziwika kuti ndi komwe nsomba zamasiku ano zimabadwira.
Kafukufuku wambiri wathandizira kudziwa kuti kusinthika kwazaka mazana ambiri sikukukhudzanso mawonekedwe a nsombayi. Komabe, pakupanga chisinthiko, mitundu iyi ya oimira madzi amchere am'banja la nsomba yakulitsa gawo lawo. Kuchokera kudera la Siberia, nsomba za pike zafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya pike nsomba. Mitundu itatu imakhala m'dera la Russian Federation: wamba, Volga ndi m'madzi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Pike nsomba nsomba
Kukula kwa zander kumatengera dera lomwe akukhalamo. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa piki nsomba ndi masentimita 50-70, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 2-2.3 kilogalamu. Ali ndi torso yayitali, yayitali, yopanikizika pambuyo pake. Chikhalidwe cha nsomba zamtundu uwu ndizomwe zimapangidwira pakamwa. Nsomba zili ndi mano ambiri akuthwa, onga ngati canine omwe amapindika pang'ono mkamwa. Mothandizidwa ndi mano amenewa, mbalameyi imaboola nyama yomwe yagwidwa. Pali mano ang'onoang'ono pakati pa mayitini ataliatali. Kutsekemera m'kamwa kumafika pamaso.
Chosangalatsa: M'madera ena, kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba imodzi kumaposa mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumapitilira kilogalamu 15.
Pali mitsempha pambali pamutu pake. Zophimbira za ma gill zimaphimbidwa pang'ono ndi sikelo. Mitsempha imatha kukhala yofiira kapena yapinki. Mtundu wa ma gill slits sikuti umakhala wofanana nthawi zonse. Maso amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe. Amakhala ndi chinyezimiro chowunikira chomwe chimapereka masomphenya abwino usiku. Gawo lapamwamba la thupi m'chigawo cha mutu, kumbuyo ndi mchira ndi imvi yobiriwira, pamimba pamayera. Masikelo amadutsa ndi mdima wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Zipsepse kumbuyo ndi mchira wa thupi zimathandizira malo amdima. Kumapeto kwa kumatako ndikosiyana ndi enawo ndipo ndi achikasu wonyezimira.
Pali zipsepse ziwiri kumbuyo. Chinsalu chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa mutu chimakhala ndi kunyezimira kwakukulu. Pambuyo pa mpata wawung'ono, pali chinsalu china kumbuyo kwake, chomwe chimakhala chokwera pang'ono kuposa choyamba, ndipo chilibe nthenga zakuthwa. Nsomba zamchere zamchere zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja poyerekeza ndi amadzi amchere. Ali ndi m'mimba mwake mawonekedwe ocheperako ndipo alibe masikelo m'chigawo cha buccal. Nsomba mwachilengedwe zimapatsidwa mphamvu yakumva kununkhiza. Imatha kuzindikira zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale patali kwambiri.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa mtundu wanji wa nsomba - pike nsomba, nyanja kapena madzi abwino. Tiyeni tiwone komwe mbalame ya pike imakhala m'malo ake achilengedwe.
Kodi pike perch amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Pike pamadzi
Pike perch ndi chinthu chowedza kwambiri chamakampani. Ikufalikira ku Eastern Europe komanso zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Russian Federation. Kuzama koyenera kwambiri komwe pike perch akumverera bwino ndimamita asanu. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikayamba nyengo yozizira, nsombazi zimamira pansi, zokutidwa ndi miyala, ndipo zimayang'ana pogona. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chitsa, chowotchera mitengo, kapena kukhumudwa pansi.
Monga dera lokhalamo, nsomba zimakonda madzi oyera abwino kwambiri, kapena nyanja yamchere yokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira wokwanira. Pali mitundu ingapo ya pike, mwachitsanzo, Nyanja Yakuda, yomwe imagwirizana bwino, m'madzi amchere komanso amchere amchere. Komabe, palibe mtundu uliwonse womwe ungakhale m'malo ovunda kapena m'madzi opanda mpweya wokwanira.
Zigawo zachilengedwe za malo okhala pike:
- Nyanja Yakuda;
- Nyanja ya Caspian;
- Nyanja ya Azov;
- Nyanja ya Aral;
- Beseni la Baltic;
- mitsinje ya Siberia;
- nyanja zazikulu zaku Russia - Seliger, Ladoga, Onega, Ilmen, Karelia, Lake Peipsi;
- Ural;
- madamu a ku Far East;
- mitsinje ikuluikulu ya Russia - Don, Volga, Kuban, Oka.
Mitundu yambiri yamadzi yaku Eastern Europe, mitsinje ya Belarus, Ukraine, matupi amadzi am'madera osiyanasiyana aku Asia siachilendo. Mitundu ina imakhala ngakhale ku Canada ndi North America. Zander amapezekanso m'madzi ena ku Great Britain.
Chiwerengero chambiri chogawa zamoyo zam'madzi ndichakuti nthawi ina anthu amakhala ndi nsomba m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, dziwe la Mozhaisk, m'nyanja ya Cherbakul m'chigawo cha Chelyabinsk, m'nyanja ya Moscow, m'nyanja ya Balkhash ku Kazakhstan, Issyk-kul ku Kyrgyzstan, nsomba zimapezeka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Pike nsomba amakonda mosungira ndi mwala pansi, akuya mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi madzi oyera. Nsomba zamtunduwu sizimachitika m'madzi osaya.
Kodi pikeperch amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Zander m'madzi
Pike nsomba wa m'gulu la nyama. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono kapena nkhanu. Mitsempha yamphamvu, yokhotakhota mkati mwake imasiya mwayi. Pogwidwa, pikiyo imapangitsa kuti thupi la wozunzidwayo ligwere, ndipo mano ang'onoang'ono am'kamwa amamugwira mwamphamvu, osamulola kuti atuluke.
Mphamvu yakununkhiza komanso masomphenya abwino amalola zander kuti azitha kusaka ndi kupeza nyama yake ngakhale mumdima wathunthu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mawonekedwe a chinthu chosakacho akhale ndi thupi lalitali, lalitali. Pokhapokha ngati izi, pike-perch imatha kumeza nyamayo mosavuta.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha nsomba:
- gudgeon;
- funga;
- gobies;
- zonyoza;
- ma molluscs ang'ono;
- funga;
- zingwe zazing'ono;
- hamsu;
- wopanda pake;
- kuthamanga;
- nkhanu;
- achule;
- nyali yamtsinje.
Zander amadziwika kuti ndi mlenje waluso. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zosakira. Sizachilendo kwa iye kutsatira wovulalayo. Amagwiritsa ntchito kudikirira kuti awone njira. Nthawi zambiri, nyamayo imadzibisa yokha ndikukhala osasunthika mpaka nyama yomwe ili pafupi nayo. Kenako amamenya ndi liwiro la mphezi kuchokera komwe anabisala. Zinyama zazing'ono sizimangodyetsa nsomba zazing'ono komanso ma molluscs okha, komanso mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo - ma bloodworms, leeches, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri.
Zander ndi chilombo chowopsa. Pewani mwakhama usiku komanso masana. Akakhuta mokwanira, amabisala mnyumba yosankhidwayi ndikupuma kwinaku akugaya chakudya. Nyamayi imagwira ntchito kwambiri nthawi yachisanu isanakwane komanso mpaka nthawi yophukira. Nthawi imeneyi, amafunikira chakudya chambiri. Pa nthawi yachitsulo, ntchito ya pike perch imachepa ndipo imadya chakudya chochepa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mtsinje wa nsomba
Nthawi zambiri, pike perch amakhala m'gulu, ngakhale pali anthu osakwatira. Chiwerengero cha nsomba pasukulu imodzi ndi 25-40. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakonda kupanga masukulu akuluakulu, omwe kuchuluka kwake kumatha kufikira anthu mazana ambiri. Nyamayo imagwira kwambiri ntchito mumdima, ngakhale imatha kusaka masana. Pike perch ndi nsomba yokhazikika komanso yofulumira yomwe imatha kuthamanga kwambiri.
Nsomba zimakonda kukhala pakuya kwa mita 3-5; sizimapezeka m'madzi osaya. Pofika nyengo yophukira, amatsikira pansi ndikusaka pogona kuti adikire chisanu ndi kuzizira. Zisanachitike, nsomba zimasonkhana m'masukulu ambiri, kutengera zaka. Komabe, si zachilendo kwa iwo kuti azibisalira. Pamutu pa gulu loterolo ndiye wamkulu komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Pamapeto pa gulu lankhosa, pali achichepere kwambiri omwe nyengo yachisanu ikubwera koyamba m'miyoyo yawo. Nthawi yozizira ikatha, gulu la nkhosalo limakhala limodzi mpaka nthawi yoti iswane, kenako nkumagawana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi kufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Pike nsomba amakonda kuopa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yomwe dzuwa limakwera kwambiri, nsomba zimabisala m'malo omwe dzuwa silidzawafikira. Ndizachilendo kuti pike, monga nsomba zina, kusewera m'madzi, kuwaza, kapena kulumpha. Amakhala moyo wobisika, wosawoneka bwino. Pike perch amakonda kwambiri mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba ambiri omwe agwera m'madzi. Amapewa m'njira zonse zotheka, ndipo pafupifupi sapezeka konse m'dera lakuya pansi pamatope.
Chilombocho chimasowa nthawi yopuma. Nthawi zambiri, awa amakhala maola ochepa patsiku. Nsombazo zikadzaza, zimabisala pogona, ndipo zimakhala maola angapo kumeneko m'malo obisika - pansi pamiyala, miyala, ndi zina zambiri. Pike perch imatha kusunthira, kuwonjezera, kupitirira mtunda wautali.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Pike wamba
Nthawi yoswana imayamba nthawi yomwe madzi amatentha mokwanira. Kutentha kwamadzi kokwanira kumayenera kufikira madigiri 9-10. Kudera lakumwera kwa Russia, nyengo yokhwima ya chilombocho imagwera theka loyamba la Epulo, mdera lamadzi aku Europe, komwe nyengo yozizira ili pakati, kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo, kumpoto kwa malo okhala - kumapeto kwa masika, koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Kubzala kumachitika m'malo okondedwa ndi odziwika bwino a zander, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuya mamita 4-6. Pa nthawi yobereka, nyamayo imasankha malo omwe kuli chete komanso mwamtendere kwambiri.
Pakati pa nyengo yobereka, nsomba zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakhala amuna angapo, komanso wamkazi mmodzi kapena awiri. Asanaikire mazira, yaikaziyo imapeza malo abwino ndi kuiyeretsa mothandizidwa ndi mchira wake. Komanso, ngati malo oponyera mazira ndi mchira, dzenje limatha kupangidwa pansi pa dziwe, lomwe lili ndi masentimita 40-60 komanso kuya kwa masentimita 10-15.
Akazi obala amakhala mosachedwa m'mawa. M'mawa kwambiri, chachikazi chimayima molunjika, pomwe mutu wake umatsitsidwa. Pike perch amawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yambiri yazamoyo zam'madzi.
Chosangalatsa: Mkazi mmodzi, wolemera makilogalamu 7-8, amatha kuikira 1 ml ya mazira.
Mazira ndi ochepa kukula kwake ndi m'mimba mwake osapitilira 1 millimeter ndipo ndi achikasu wonyezimira. Yaimuna yayikulu kwambiri m'gulu la nkhosa ndiyabwino kutengera mazira omwe adaikira. Amathirira mazira ndi mkaka wambiri. Ntchito yayikulu yamwamuna sikungophatikiza umuna wokha, komanso kuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha mazira. Yaimuna pa ziweto zazikulu kwambiri imatha kubwera ngati mlonda. Samalola aliyense pafupi ndi zomangamanga kuti apumitse madzi mozungulira. Pokhapokha ana atatuluka m'mazira, mlondayo amasiya malo ake ndikunyamuka.
Pambuyo pa umuna, pafupifupi masiku 10 amapita, ndipo nsomba zazing'ono zimabadwa, zomwe kukula kwake sikupitilira 5-6 mm. Sasinthidwa ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndipo sangathe kudzidyetsa okha. Pambuyo masiku 3-5, nsomba zimafalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana ndikuyamba kudya plankton. Komanso, mwachangu amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphutsi, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amthupi omwe amafanana ndi achikulire. Kukula kwa mwachangu kumadalira momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Kutha msinkhu kumayamba pafupifupi zaka 3-4. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo wa pike ndi zaka 13-17.
Adani achilengedwe a walleye
Chithunzi: Pike nsomba nsomba
Pansi pa chilengedwe, zander ali ndi adani angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zolusa zazikulu komanso zofulumira zam'madzi sizimadana ndi akulu okha, komanso mwachangu, komanso caviar. Kuphatikiza apo, kumadera achilengedwe, komwe kulibe chakudya chokwanira, adani a chilombocho atha kutchedwa omwe akupikisana nawo pachakudya - pamwamba ndi auhu.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti m'madera ambiri omwe amakhala ndi pike, sichikhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikukuvutika ndi ntchito zausodzi, kapena kuwukira kwa adani achilengedwe. Izi zimathandizidwa ndikuti nsombazi zimasungidwa kusukulu, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka.
Adani a zander kuthengo:
- pike;
- nsomba zopanda mamba;
- nsomba yayikulu;
- osman;
- ziphuphu.
Ambiri mwa adani omwe ali pamwambapa ndi owopsa kwa achinyamata okha kapena nkhwangwa zokhala ndi mazira. Caviar amathanso kudyetsa tizilombo ta m'madzi, molluscs, crustaceans. Zomangamanga zimawonongeka mkuntho wamadzi, kusintha kwadzidzidzi nyengo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti anthu ndi ntchito zawo ali m'gulu la adani a mdani. Amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa nsomba osati monga msodzi chabe, komanso wowononga moyo wam'madzi. Zochita za anthu zimawononga magwero amadzi ndipo zimayambitsa kufa kwa zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Pike nsomba m'nyanjayi
Ochita kafukufuku adazindikira anthu angapo. Mmodzi wa iwo - amangokhala Pike nsomba, amene amakhala makamaka m'dera limodzi. Amakonda kusiya madera omwe amangokhala ngati akuwononga madzi. Poterepa, nsombazi zimayenda kutali kwa makumi ambiri, ndipo nthawi zina mazana amakilomita.
Chiwombankhanga china ndi chowopsa cha pike. Amakhala m'malo mosungira madzi, mitsinje ndi madzi ena amadzi abwino. Pofika masika, ziwetozi zimasunthira kumtunda kukasaka. Kusuntha kumatha kuchitika kwa makumi angapo kapena ngakhale mazana a makilomita. Pambuyo pake, amabwerera kumalo ake omwe amakonda komanso amakonda.
Masiku ano, nsomba m'madera ena zikuchepa mofulumira. Izi ndizambiri zam'madzi zander. Zifukwa zochepetsera kuchuluka kwake ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi, kuwononga nyama mopitirira muyeso kwakukulu, komanso kusintha kwakanthawi kwam'madera ena. Kupezeka kwa nsomba zamtunduwu kumatsimikizira kuti dziwe limayeradi.
Chitetezo cha pike nsomba
Chithunzi: Pike perch kuchokera ku Red Book
Pike pike perch, mosiyana ndi zander zamadzi, ndi anthu omwe akuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Ukraine ndipo imatetezedwa ndi malamulo ndi maboma. Njira zotetezera zamoyozi zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zausodzi kumadera omwe mitengo ya nsomba imachepa, komanso kukhalabe oyera m'madzi ndikuletsa kuipitsa madzi.
Kuphwanya malamulowa kumadera ena ndi mlandu. Opha nyama mosavomerezeka amatha kulangidwa, kapenanso kupalamula mlandu. M'madera omwe amakhala ndi pike perch, Komiti Yoteteza Zachilengedwe nthawi zonse imafufuza kuti iwone ngati madzi ali abwino.
Pike perch ndichakudya chabwino kwambiri. M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, zopangira zenizeni zophikira zakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo.Nyama ya nsomba zamtunduwu imakhala yokoma kwambiri ndipo imagaya mosavuta.
Zander ili ndi mawonekedwe akunja apadera omwe salola kuti isokonezedwe ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa nsomba. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kapangidwe kazipangizo zam'kamwa, chifukwa amawawona kuti ndi akatswiri osaka mwaluso kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/30/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/23/2019 ku 22:33
