Njoka yamchere ili ndi zovala zokongola komanso zokongola, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwopsa ndi poyizoni, chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala osamala mukakumana ndi chokwawa ichi. Maonekedwe okongola ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a njoka izi amangosangalatsa. Tiyeni tiyesere kudziwa kuti poizoni wawo wowopsa ndi wowopsa bwanji, zokwawa zomwe zili nazo, zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wawo kukhala wodabwitsa, zomwe zimapezekanso pamndandanda wa njoka komanso komwe zokwawa izi zimakhala ndi chilolezo chokhazikika.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Njoka yamchere
Njoka za Coral si mitundu ina ya zokwawa zapoizoni, koma mtundu wonse wa banja la njoka. Ili ndi banja lalikulu, lomwe njoka zake zonse ndi zoopsa komanso zaululu. Ili ndi mitundu 347, yomwe imaphatikizidwa m'magulu 61, kuphatikiza mtundu wa njoka zamatanthwe. Mitundu 82 ya njoka ndi ya mtunduwo, tidzafotokozera mwachidule ina mwa iwo.
Njoka ikuluikulu yamakorali ndiyo yayikulu kwambiri pamtunduwu, kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika mita imodzi ndi theka. Chokwawa chimakhala m'nkhalango za Amazon.
Njoka yamchere ya harlequin imatha kutchedwa kuti yoopsa kwambiri pamtundu wina wamakorali. Kutalika kwa njokayo kumachokera pa 75 cm mpaka mita 1. Imakhala mdera la zigawo za Kentucky ndi Indiana.
Njoka yamatanthweyi ndi yocheperako pang'ono kuposa yayikuluyo, koma kutalika kwake kumapitilira mita imodzi. Chokwawa chili ndi thupi lowonda komanso lowonda komanso mutu waung'ono. Njoka iyi inalembedwa ku South America.
Kanema: Njoka yamchere
Njoka yamakorali wamba ndi yaying'ono, kutalika kwake kumasiyana pakati pa theka la mita mpaka masentimita 97. Mutu waudongo, wapakatikati mosalala umadutsa mthupi lowonda, lowonda la reptile. Njokayo yasankha malo otentha aku South America.
Njoka yamchere yaku Africa imasiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri komanso wosazolowereka. Kulira kwakukulu kwa thupi lake kumakhala kofiirira, azitona, nthawi zina pafupifupi wakuda. Mosiyana, mikwingwirima itatu yachikaso imawonekera, ndipo pali timiyala tofiira mbali. Pafupipafupi, kutalika kwa zokwawa kumakhala pakati pa 50 mpaka 60 cm, koma nthawi zina zitsanzo zazikulu zimapezeka.
Njoka za Coral sizingatchulidwe zazikulu. Kwenikweni, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumakhala pakati pa masentimita 60 mpaka 70. Mchira wake ndi pafupifupi masentimita khumi. Onsewa ali ndi utoto wowala bwino, mawonekedwe ake onse ndi utoto wofiyira.
Zosangalatsa: Chifukwa cha utoto wawo wokongola, zokwawa izi zapatsidwa mphotho ndi mayina odziwika monga "Lollipop" ndi "Harlequin".
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Njoka ya Coral njoka
Tinaganiza pamiyeso ya njoka zamakorali, pozindikira kuti sizikulu kwenikweni. Anthu okhwima njoka ali ndi mutu waukhondo, wolimba, wonenepa pang'ono. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono kukula, imawoneka bwino kwambiri pokhudzana ndi thupi, koma ilibe kutsegulira kotseguka m'khosi. Kutsegula pakamwa pa njoka, kuti igwirizane ndi mutu, ndiyonso yaying'ono ndipo siyitha kutambasula mwamphamvu, komwe kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake pakusaka ndi kudya. Mkamwa mwake muli mzere wa mano ang'onoang'ono, owopsa.
Mtundu waukulu wa chikopa cha njoka ndi wofiira kwambiri ndi mtundu wakuda wosiyana ndi mphete, womwe umasinthana molingana ndi kutalika kwa thupi lonse. Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi, mphete zakuda zimawoneka, m'malire ndi mzere wopapatiza wobiriwira woyera. Pamphete zonse, timadontho tating'onoting'ono takuwoneka bwino, chifukwa mulingo uliwonse uli ndi nsonga yakuda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Njoka yamakorali ili ndi anzawo omwe si owopsa omwe amatsanzira mtundu wawo bwino, akudziyesa kuti ndi oopsa komanso zokwawa za njoka zamoto, ngakhale zili choncho. Iyi ndi njoka yamkaka komanso yamizeremizere, yomwe mwanjira imeneyi imayesetsa kudziteteza kwa anthu osafunira zabwino.
Anthu okhala ku kontinenti yaku North America, omwe amadziwa mtundu womwe mphete za njoka ziyenera kupezeka, amatha kusiyanitsa njoka yamakoroyi ndi zokwawa zopanda vuto. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chidziwitso ndi maluso ngati awa amangogwira ntchito kumadera akum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa United States, tk. Zokwawa zam'miyala zam'madera ena zimatha kusiyanasiyana potengera mphetezo ndikusintha kwake.
Pamutu pa njoka yamakorali pali chikopa chamaso, chojambulidwa ndi utoto wakuda. Mzere waukulu kwambiri, womwe uli ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, umadutsa pamisewu ya occipital; umatsikira nsagwada za zokwawa zija. Mwa munthu wa njoka yamakorali, mawonekedwe ake ndi kupezeka kwa kolala yakuda, yomwe imawoneka ngati mphete yokhala ndi mzere wofiyira wodziwika bwino.
M'dera la mchira, muli mphete zisanu ndi zitatu zoyera, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi khungu lakuda la njoka. Nsonga ya mchira ndiyonso yoyera. Mwa zamoyo zam'madzi kumapeto kwa mchira kumakhala kosalala chifukwa ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi iwo ngati chiwongolero. Mafinya owopsa amapezeka kuseri kwa maso.
Tsopano mukudziwa kusiyana pakati pa njoka yamchere ndi njoka yamkaka. Tiyeni tiwone komwe nyamayi ili ndi poizoni.
Kodi njoka yamchere imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Njoka yamchere yamchere
Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mitundu ya njoka zamtundu wa ma coral asps asankha Central ndi South America. Njoka yamchere ya harlequin yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka ku North America, ku Indiana ndi Kentucky. Zokwawa zafalikira kwambiri kum'mawa kwa Brazil, komwe zimakonda nkhalango.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokwawa imakhala m'maiko ena, okhala m'magawo:
- Panama;
- Costa Rica;
- Paraguay;
- Uruguay;
- Argentina;
- Colombia;
- Mexico;
- Ecuador;
- Honduras;
- Zilumba za Caribbean;
- Nicaragua;
- Bolivia.
Choyambirira, njoka zamakorali zimakhala m'malo otentha, otentha, matabwa, madera okhala ndi dothi lonyowa kapena lamchenga, chifukwa ngati kuti adzikwirira pansi. Zinyama zimadzibisala bwinobwino m'nkhalango zosadutsamo komanso m'nkhalango, komanso pansi pa masamba omwe agwa. Nthawi zambiri, njoka zimabowola m'nthaka, momwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali, zimatuluka kubisala mvula yambiri komanso nthawi yaukwati.
Chosangalatsa: Njoka za Coral sizimathawa konse komwe kumakhala anthu, koma m'malo mwake, zimakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Mwachiwonekere, izi ndichifukwa choti mbewa zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu, zomwe zimakonda kudya.
Njoka za coral zomwe zimagwidwa zimasungidwa bwino m'makola olimba komanso otetezeka okhala ndi zotchinga. Iyenera kukhala ndi malo ogona a zokwawa zomwe zitha kutsekedwa, izi ndizofunikira kuti eni ake azikhala otetezeka poyeretsa malo okhala njoka. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi malo owonekera, omwe pansi pake amakhala ndi ma coconut apadera. Chofunikira chofunikira m'malo okhala ndi zokwawa izi ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhono zingapo, pomwe njoka zimakonda kukwawa.
Kodi njoka yamchere imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Njoka ya Coral njoka
Njoka za Coral zimakonda chotupitsa:
- amphibiya;
- abuluzi ang'onoang'ono;
- mbalame zazing'ono;
- tizilombo tambiri;
- mitundu yonse ya makoswe;
- njoka zazing'ono.
Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a Terrarium amadyetsa ziweto zawo za njoka zam'nyanja ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya tambala (mwachitsanzo, mphemvu ku Madagascar). Pofuna kupewa kupitirira muyeso, muyenera kuyambiranso njoka yamiyala kawiri pamlungu. Zokwawa zomwe zimagwidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonenepa, chifukwa chake mavitamini ndi michere yambiri imayenera kuphatikizidwa pazakudya zawo. Omwe azimwa nthawi zonse azidzazidwa ndi madzi oyera komanso abwino.
Zikuwoneka kuti njoka zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala opanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali popanda zovuta zina, ndipo zimamwa pafupipafupi, zikukwawa kupita kumagwero amadzi masiku atatu kapena asanu aliwonse.
Chosangalatsa: Pakati pa mamba, nthawi zina anthu amadya anzawo, motero njoka izi sizidandaula kudyetsa abale awo omwe akukwawa.
Njoka yamakorali imasaka nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo koposa zonse imakhala yogwira kusanache, kudzipezera chakudya. Musaiwale kuti pakamwa pa zokwawa sizitha kutambasula kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimasakira nyama zazikulu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono a canine, chifukwa chake sangathe kuluma kudzera pakhungu la nyama yayikulu iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri, njoka zamakorali zimadya njoka zazing'ono popanda kuwopa poyizoni, chifukwa khalani ndi chitetezo chothana ndi poizoni wa njoka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Njoka yamchere yodziwika
Moyo wa njoka yamakorali ndichinsinsi kwambiri; njoka izi zimakonda kukhala panokha. Ndikosowa kwambiri kukumana nawo, chifukwa amathera gawo la mkango nthawi yawo atakwiriridwa panthaka yonyowa kapena pansi pamasamba owola. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka munthawi yaukwati komanso nthawi yamvula.
Nyama zam'madzi za coral zimaukira nyama yake mwachangu kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo. Amapanga chingwe chakuthwa patsogolo, pakamwa pa njoka ndikutsegula. Mlingo wa mankhwala owopsa omwe amabayidwa kamodzi kokha amatha kufikira 12 mg, ngakhale thupi la munthu kale 4 kapena 6 mg limaonedwa ngati lowopsa.
Chosangalatsa: Anthu aku Brazil amakhulupirira kuti zokwawa zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zili ndi njoka yaying'ono yokhotakhota m'khosi mwawo, ndipo imaluma kwambiri.
Njoka za Coral sizingatchedwe zankhanza poyerekeza ndi munthu, iwowo sangakhale oyamba kuwukira. Kuluma konse kumachitika podziteteza, pamene munthu ndiye woyamba kuputa chokwawa kapena, mosadziwa, amaponda. Asps amaluma ndi mano awiri apakatikati omwe ali pachibwano chapamwamba. Kuluma kwawo kumadziwika chifukwa chakuti nyamayi imayesetsa kugwiritsitsa malo oluma ndi mano nthawi yayitali, kuti poizoniyo azichita msanga.
Pamalo oluma palibe kutupa, nthawi zambiri ngakhale kupweteka kulibe. Zonsezi sizowonetsa kuledzera kofooka, chifukwa chake, popanda njira zapadera zopulumutsira, munthu amwalira pasanathe tsiku limodzi.
Zizindikiro zakupha zitha kukhala motere:
- kupweteka kwambiri pamutu;
- nseru ndi kusanza mobwerezabwereza (nthawi zina ndi magazi);
- chilondacho chitha kuyamba kutuluka magazi;
- kaŵirikaŵiri, kulephera kwakukulu kwa mtima, komwe kumabweretsa ziwalo ndi imfa, kumawoneka.
- zadziwika kuti mwa opulumuka omwe alumidwa ndi njoka yamiyala, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda okhudzana ndi impso.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'malo ena, njoka yamakorali idatchedwa "njoka yaying'ono" chifukwa ikaluma, njoka yake yaying'onoyo imamwalira mphindi imodzi yokha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Njoka yaying'ono yamiyala
Njoka zamakhorali zimakula msinkhu kufikira zaka ziwiri, nthawi zina pang'ono pang'ono. Nyengo yaukwati wa zokwawa imayamba mchaka, njoka zikadzuka kutulo. Nthawi zina kumakhala kutukuka kwa zochitika zosakanikirana nthawi yophukira. Mkazi amatulutsa chinsinsi chonunkhira mwamphamvu chomwe chimasonyeza kuti ndi wokonzeka kugonana. Kununkhira uku kumakopa abambo, omwe amakwawa kuchokera kudera lonselo, ndikulowa mpira waukulu wodzaza ndi njoka. Mitundu yambiri yamiyala yamakorali imakhala ndi nkhondo zokomera ufulu wokhala ndi mayi wamtima.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Njoka za Coral ndi imodzi mwazirombo zokhazokha zokhazika mazira zomwe zimakhala ku North America, zina zonse zowopsa ndizoyipa.
Asanayambe kuikira mazira, akazi amayamba kukonza malo awo okhala. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumtsinje kapena m'masamba omwe agwa, omwe amathandiza kuteteza ana amtsogolo ku mayendedwe osiyanasiyana otentha ndi osafunira zabwino. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira ochepa okha mu clutch (3 - 4, nthawi zina kuchuluka kumatha kufika 8). Mazira oboloka amatalika pafupifupi masentimita 4. Amayi oyembekezera nawonso amatenthetsa zowalamulira, kukulunga matupi awo osinthasintha mozungulira. Pakadali pano, kukwiya kwa njoka kumakulirakulira.
Nthawi zambiri mu Ogasiti, ana ang'onoang'ono amaswa kuchokera m'mazira. Mtundu wawo umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa makolo. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ndikupita ulendo wamoyo, womwe kutalika kwake kumasiyana zaka 15 mpaka 20. Zimatengera mtundu wa chokwawa ndi malo ake okhazikika. Pali zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zomwe moyo wawo udapitilira zaka makumi awiri.
Adani achilengedwe a njoka zamchere
Chithunzi: Njoka ya Coral njoka
Musadabwe kuti njoka yapoizoni yoopsa komanso yoopsa ili ndi adani ambiri omwe amadya chokwawa mosavuta. Kukula kwawo pang'ono komanso bata, ngakhale manyazi zimapangitsa njoka izi kukhala zowopsa kwambiri. Njoka yamchere ikakumana ndi chopinga (mwachitsanzo, ndi mwala wamiyala), nthawi zambiri imamva mantha, ikubisa mutu pansi pa thupi lopotoka. Pakadali pano, amatha kugubuduza kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita mbali inayo, atagwira mchira utakhota mozungulira.
Njoka zamchere zimatha kuukiridwa ndi mlengalenga ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana zolusa (ziwombankhanga, ma kite, mlembi mbalame). Zokwawa nthawi zambiri zimadwala nkhumba zakutchire, zomwe khungu lakelo lakuda mano awo sangathe kuluma. Olimba mtima mongooses samadana ndikudya nyama yanjoka, ndimachitidwe awo olimba ndi pafupipafupi ndikulumpha, amavala zokwawa, kenako amaluma korona kumbuyo kwa mutu, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwa zokwawa. Nyama zazikulu monga akambuku ndi nyamazi zitha kugwiritsanso ntchito njoka ngati chotupitsa. Musaiwale kuti njoka izi zimakonda kudya anzawo, chifukwa chake zimadya amitundu anzawo popanda chikumbumtima. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizidziwa zambiri zimavutika.
Munthu amene nthawi zambiri amapha zokwawa chifukwa cha poizoni wawo anganene kuti ndi adani a njoka. Anthu amagwira njoka kuti akagulitsenso malo owononga nyama, chifukwa ambiri amafuna kuwasunga chifukwa cha utoto wawo wowoneka bwino, ngakhale ntchitoyi ndi yovuta komanso yowopsa. Njoka zimamwaliranso chifukwa chakuti poizoni wawo ndiwofunika kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi zodzikongoletsera. Okhalanso amavutikanso chifukwa chakusalidwa kwa anthu m'malo awo okhazikika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Njoka yamchere ya poizoni
Njoka za Coral zafalikira kwambiri, ku Central ndi South America. Amakhalanso m'madera ena ku North America. Anthu ambiri a nyama zamtunduwu amapezeka kum'mawa kwa Brazil. Zachidziwikire, pali zinthu zambiri zoyipa zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa zokwawa zam'madzi zam'madzi, pafupifupi zonse zimachokera m'manja mwa anthu. Munthu, posamalira zosowa zake, amaiwala za abale ake ang'onoang'ono, kuwachotsa m'malo omwe amakhala, chizolowezi ichi sichinadutse aspare, omwe amafanso chifukwa cha poizoni wawo wamtengo wapatali.
Ngakhale zili zovuta zonse, mitundu yambiri ya njoka zamakhorali siziwopsezedwa ndi anthu. Mabungwe osamalira zachilengedwe akungodera nkhawa mitundu yochepa chabe yosankhidwa yomwe imapezeka ku Honduras. Zokwawa zonse za coral sizili pachiwopsezo cha kutha, ziweto zawo zimakhalabe zolimba, osakumana ndi kulumpha mwachangu panjira yakuchepa kapena kukula.
Mwina izi ndichifukwa chachinsinsi chachikulu cha zokwawa izi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pansi pazitsamba ndi masamba owola, ndikupangitsa moyo wachinsinsi komanso wosakhazikika wa njoka.Chifukwa chake, titha kuganiza kuti, gawo lalikulu, kuchuluka kwa njoka zamakhorali sikukuwopsezedwa kwakukulu, sikuti watsala pang'ono kutha, ndi mitundu ingapo yamitundu yomwe imafunikira njira zapadera zodzitetezera, zomwe sizingasangalatse.
Kuteteza njoka za Coral
Chithunzi: Coral njoka kuchokera ku Red Book
Monga tanena kale, mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa njoka zam'madzi samakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu m'moyo, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwamakorali kumakhalabe kwakukulu, koma mitundu ina imawonedwa kuti ndi yosowa kwambiri, chifukwa chake imatha kutha ndipo imafunikira chitetezo ku malo osungira zachilengedwe ...
Chifukwa chake, mu CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, pali mitundu iwiri ya njoka zamchere zomwe zimakhala mu Honduras wamkulu: njoka yamakorali "diastema" ndi njoka yamiyala yamiyala yamiyala. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya njokayi ili m'ndondomeko nambala wachitatu, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuyang'anira malonda osaloledwa mwa zokwawa izi kuti zisawonongeke pang'ono.
Mkhalidwe wosavomerezeka ngati uwu wokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi ya njoka zamakorali wakula chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zosafunikira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa njoka izi zatsika kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti zokwawa zokwawa zimachoka m'malo awo okhalamo kosatha, kulowererapo kwa anthu m'malo awo achilengedwe, kugwidwa kosaloledwa kwa creepers kuti akagulitsenso, kufa kwa njoka chifukwa chotulutsa poizoni wawo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri komanso zochita zina za anthu mopupuluma zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa za njoka.
Pamapeto pake, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti Njoka yamchere Maonekedwe ake ndiwotsogola kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino, aukali pokhapokha ngati ateteza moyo wake wa njoka. Maonekedwe awo okongola ndiwokongola, koma sakonda kuwonetsa, amakonda kukhala okha ndikukhala chete.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 23.06.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/23/2019 nthawi 21:21
