Argiope Brunnich Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pansi pa dzina la kangaude. Izi ndichifukwa cha mitundu yowala, yomwe imakumbutsa kwambiri mtundu wa mavu. Makhalidwe owala bwino adakhalanso chifukwa cha dzina lina - kangaude wa kambuku. Nthawi zambiri, utoto wowala umawonetsa kuti kachilomboka kali koopsa komanso kali ndi poizoni.
Chifukwa chakuti kangaude wa mavu ndiwofala kumadera ena ku Russia, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati kuli koyenera kuwopa tizilombo tikakumana. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amanena mosakayikira kuti akangaude amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa, koma poizoni wawo siowopsa kwa anthu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Argiopa Brunnich
Argiopa Brunnich ndi wa arachnid arthropods, ndi woimira dongosolo la akangaude, banja la akangaude a orb-web, mtundu wa Argiopa, mtundu wa Argiopa Brunnich.
Kangaudeyu amatchedwa Argiope polemekeza nymph wakale wachi Greek. Pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu zapitazo, zinali zachilendo kupatsa tizilombo mayina a zolengedwa zakale zachi Greek. Brunnich ndi dzina la wofufuza, katswiri wa zanyama wochokera ku Denmark, yemwe analemba buku lalikulu la tizilombo mu 1700.
Kanema: Argiopa Brunnich
Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni yoyambira ndi magawo amasinthidwe amitundu iyi ya nyamakazi. Izi ndichifukwa choti gawo loteteza, chitinous limawonongeka msanga. Zotsalira zochepa za magawo osiyanasiyana a thupi la makolo akale a arachnids nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa mu amber kapena utomoni. Zinali izi zomwe zidaloleza asayansi ndi ofufuza kuti anene kuti ma arachnids oyamba adawoneka zaka 280 - 320 miliyoni zapitazo.
Kupeza kwakale kwambiri kwa nyamakazi kunapezeka m'dera la People's Republic of China masiku ano. Tikayang'ana ziwalo za thupi zochokera ku amber, nyamakazi za nthawi imeneyo zinali zazing'ono, zomwe sizinapitirire mamilimita asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Mwachidziwitso, anali ndi mchira wautali, womwe unasowa pakupanga chisinthiko. Mchira udagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa ukonde wa kangaude. Makolo akale a nyamakazi sanadziwe momwe angalukire ma katoni, amangokhalira kutulutsa ulusi wandiweyani, womwe amaugwiritsa ntchito poluka m'misasa yawo, kuteteza zikopa.
Mbali ina ya akangaude akale anali pafupifupi osiyana cephalothorax ndi pamimba. Akatswiri a zoo amati malo a kangaude ndi Gondwana. Pakubwera kwa Pangea, tizilombo tinayamba kufalikira pafupifupi kuthamanga kwa mphezi padziko lonse lapansi. Poyambira nyengo yachisanu, malo okhala tizilombo tachepa kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Spider Argiope Brunnich
Argiope Brunnich amaonedwa kuti ndi kangaude wapakatikati. Kukula kwa thupi ndi masentimita 2.5-5. Komabe, akuluakulu m'madera ena amatha kupitilira kukula uku. Anthu amtunduwu amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe azakugonana. Amuna amakhala otsika kwambiri kuposa akazi kukula kwake. Kukula kwa thupi lawo sikumangodutsa sentimita imodzi. Kuphatikiza kukula kwake, ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi maso ndi mawonekedwe ndi utoto.
Akazi ali ndi mimba yayikulu, yozungulira, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yachikaso. Miyendo yayitali yaikazi ilinso ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka. Mwa amuna, thupi limakhala lochepa komanso lopatuka. Mtunduwo ndi nondescript, imvi kapena mchenga. Gawo lam'mimba ndilopepuka, lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali. Palinso mikwingwirima pamiyendo yamphongo. Komabe, ndi ofooka komanso osamveka bwino. Mitundu ya miyendo ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Kwa anthu ena, imafika masentimita 10-12.
Zosangalatsa: Akangaude ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yamiyendo, inayi yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati miyendo, ndipo iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsagwada!
Zofupikitsa zazifupi zimawoneka ngati zopindika. Mimba, yolumikizana mkati, imakhala ndi zosakhazikika pamizere yofanana ndi mano. Mukayang'ana kangaude kuchokera pansi, ndiye kuti mungaganize kuti mukuyang'ana patison yokhala ndi miyendo. Mtundu wowala, wowutsa mudyo umalola akangaude kupewa ngozi yakudyedwa ndi mbalame ndi osaka tizilombo tina.
Akangaude ndi owopsa. Komabe, munthu sangathe kuvulaza kwambiri. Kutalika komwe kumachitika akamaluma ndikuwotcha, kufiira kwa malo oluma, kumva kufota, kutupa.
Kodi Argiope Brunnich amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa poizoni Argiope Brunnich
Malo a mtundu uwu wa arachnids ndi otakata kwambiri. Titha kunena motsimikiza kuti tizilombo timakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Zigawo zanyumba zokhala ndi nyamakazi:
- Africa;
- Europe;
- Asia Minor;
- Middle Asia;
- Japan;
- Kazakhstan;
- Dera Kum'mawa kwa Ukraine;
- Indonesia;
- China;
- Russia (Bryansk, Lipetsk, Penza, Tula, Moscow, Oryol, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk, Tambov, ndi madera ena).
M'zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70, ambiri mwa anthu a Argiopa Bryukhin anali atakhazikika mkati mwa madigiri 52-53 kumpoto. Komabe, kale mzaka za 2000, zambiri zidayamba kufalikira zakupezeka kwa tizilombo m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe amapezeka amakhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa dera lomwe lanenedwa. Akatswiri a zoologists amati njira yachilendo iyi yobalalitsira ma arachnids idathandizidwa ndi kuthekera kosasunthika kosunthika - mphepo.
Zolakalaka zamtundu wa arthropod zamtundu wa xerophilous zawululidwa. Amakonda kukhazikika pamitundumitundu ndi zitsamba. Amakonda kupezeka m'mbali mwa misewu, m'mbali mwa nkhalango.
Akangaude amakonda malo otseguka, otentha. Amakonda mpweya wabwino, wouma ndipo sangathe kupirira chinyezi komanso nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zambiri, kangaude wa mavu amakhala padzuwa lotseguka. Mwa mitundu yonse ya zomera, amakonda kukhazikika pazomera zochepa zomwe zimamera m'malo ouma, otseguka ndi dzuwa.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe Argiope Brunnich amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi Argiope Brunnich amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Argiope Brunnich, kapena kangaude wa mavu
Akangaude amaonedwa ngati omnivorous arthropods. Tizilombo ndi chakudya. Akangaude amawatenga ndi mawebusayiti awo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti alibe ofanana pakuluka ukonde. Ukondewo ndi waukulu kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi mawilo. Mbali yapadera ya ukonde wa nyamayi ndi kupezeka kwa mizere yokhotakhota. Ma netiweki oterewa ndi othandizira odalirika pakupeza chakudya. Akangaude amasangalala kudya tizilombo tomwe timagwera.
Kodi maziko a chakudya cha argiopa ndi ati:
- ntchentche;
- udzudzu;
- ziwala;
- kafadala.
Mawonekedwe apadera a ukonde amalola akangaude kuti agwire tizilombo tambiri. Akangaude a tiger amapangira poizoni, omwe amawumitsa munthuyo, kuti asatuluke muukonde. Pozindikira kugwedezeka kwa maukondewo, nyamakaziyo imayandikira pomwepo, kuyiluma, ndikubaya poizoni mkati ndikudikirira pang'onopang'ono.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo tambiri takodwa muukonde nthawi imodzi, zimayang'ana malo ena ndikuluka ukonde watsopano. Izi ndichifukwa chochenjeza akalulu, omwe amawopa kuopseza omwe angayambenso kuwonongeka.
Patapita kanthawi, poizoni amayamba kugwira ntchito. Zimapundula wovulalayo ndikusungunula matumbo ake. Pambuyo pake, akangaudewo amangoyamwa zamkati, ndikusiya chipolopolo chakunja. Nthawi zambiri mkazi atakwatirana, amadya mnzake ngati ali ndi njala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Argiopa Brunnich
Argiope Brunnich si tizilombo tokha. Akangaude amtunduwu amakonda kusonkhana m'magulu, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufikira anthu khumi ndi awiri. Izi ndizofunikira kuti azipezanso chakudya chokwanira, komanso kuswana ndi kulera ana. Mu gululi, munthu wamkazi amatsogolera. Amadziwitsa malo okhala gulu. Pambuyo pobwezeretsanso anthu ntchito, ntchito yoluka ukonde wokhathamira imayamba.
Artropods amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi. Kuti azipeza chakudya, akangaude amaluka ukonde. Amakhala a kangaude - orb webs. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ukonde wa kangaude womwe adapangidwa ndi iye uli ndi kachitidwe kokongola ngati kansalu kakang'ono.
Argiopa amaluka maukonde awo mumdima. Zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 60-80 kuti mupange ukonde. Nthawi yoluka maukonde awo, azimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala pakatikati pa ukonde wokhala ndi manja ndi miyendo. Webusayiti nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pa nthambi, masamba a udzu, kapena m'malo ena omwe amatha kugwira tizilombo. Zonse zikakonzeka, kangaude amabisala pansi, ndikungoyembekezera nyama yake.
Ngati nyamakazi imamva kuti ikuwopseza, imamira nthawi yomweyo padziko lapansi ndikutembenukira ndi mimba yake mmwamba, ikubisa cephalothorax. Nthawi zina, argiopes amayamba kusambira pa intaneti kuti adziteteze. Ulusiwo uli ndi malo owonetsera kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, ndikupanga malo akulu owala, kuwopseza adani omwe angakhale adani.
Akangaude mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi bata, samakonda kuwonetsa ukali. Ngati munthu akumana ndi kangaude wotereyu mwachilengedwe, amatha kumujambula bwino kapena kumuyang'ana pafupi. Nthawi yamdima, kapena kutentha kukangotsika, akangaude amakhala osagwira ntchito kwenikweni koma osagwira ntchito.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Spider Argiope Brunnich
Akaziwo ali okonzeka kulowa m'banja kumapeto kwa molt. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndikumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira. Ndi pambuyo pa kutha kwa m'kamwa momwe m'kamwa mwa mkazi mumakhalabe ofewa kwakanthawi, zomwe zimasiya amuna mwayi wokhala ndi moyo atakwatirana. Komabe, izi sizimathandiza nthawi zonse amuna kukhala ndi moyo. Pofuna kuikira mazira, akazi amafunikira kwambiri mapuloteni, omwe amafunika kukhala othandizana nawo.
Asanakwatirane, amuna amayang'anitsitsa ndikusankha chachikazi chomwe amakonda. Ali pafupi kwakanthawi. Mwamuna akamayandikira mnzake yemwe amamukonda, ulusi waukondewo sumanjenjemera, monga momwe nyama imawakhudzira, ndipo mkazi amazindikira kuti nthawi yakwana yoti akwere. Zimakhala zachizolowezi kuti amuna "atsekereze" wamkazi wosankhidwayo kuti pasapezeke ofunsira ena amene angawapatse manyowa.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera nthawi yomwe zimakhalira, kangaudeyu amaikira mazira. Izi zisanachitike, amalemba coco imodzi kapena zingapo, momwemo amaikira mazira mazana anayi. Zikwama zikadzaza, mkazi amazikulunga pafupi ndi intaneti yake ndi ulusi wodalirika, wolimba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mazirawo atabisidwa m'matumba ndikukhazikika bwino panthambi, kapena mitundu ina ya zomera, mkazi amafa.
Mu zikuto izi, mazira amapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Akangaude amabadwa ndi mazira masika okha. Kuyambira ali mwana, anthu amtundu uwu akhala akupikisana mwamphamvu kuti apulumuke. Kuperewera kwa chakudya m'khola la cocoko kumalimbikitsa akangaude olimba kuti adye zofowoka ndi zazing'ono. Iwo omwe adapulumuka amatuluka mumtengowu ndikukwera pamwamba pamitundumitundu. Amakweza pamimba ndikumasula ulusi. Pamodzi ndi mphepo, nthiti ndi akangaude zimayendetsedwa mosiyanasiyana. Moyo wa kangaude ndi miyezi 12 pafupifupi.
Adani achilengedwe a Argiope Brunnich
Chithunzi: Poizoni Argiope Brunnich
Argiopa Brunnich, monga mitundu ina iliyonse ya tizilombo, ili ndi adani angapo. Chilengedwe chawapatsa mtundu wowala, wachilendo wa akangaude, chifukwa amatha kuthana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbalame. Mbalame zimazindikira mtundu wowala ngati chisonyezo komanso chisonyezo chakuti tizilombo ndi poizoni ndipo tikuwopseza kuti tidye.
Achibale a kangaude samakhala pachiwopsezo chilichonse kwa bwenzi. Sachita nkhondo kumalire, kumalire, kapena kumenyera akazi. Akangaude ang'onoang'ono ochokera m'mazira amakonda kumadyerana akadali pachoko. Izi zimachepetsa tizilombo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti akangaude amakonda kudutsa mitundu yambewu yazomera, ndipo ukonde wolimba umawateteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Makoswe, achule, abuluzi ndi owopsa kwa kangaude. Komabe, nthawi zina, akangaude amatha kuthana ndi zolengedwa zoopsa izi. Amakonda kudziteteza. Kuti achite izi, amasula ulusi, womwe ulusi wawo umawala padzuwa ndikuwopseza omwe akudya arthropod. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, akangaude amachoka pa intaneti ndikungogwera muudzu. Ndizovuta kuwapeza pamenepo. Kuphatikiza pa makoswe ndi abuluzi, mavu ndi njuchi amawerengedwa kuti ndi adani a Argiopa Brunnich, yemwe sumu yake imapha akangaude.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mavu a kangaude - Argiope Brunnich
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi ya nyamakazi sikuwopsezedwa. M'madera okhalamo omwe amawadziwa, amapezeka okwanira. Akangaude amapangidwa ngati ziweto ndi okonda nyama zosowa padziko lonse lapansi. Kutchuka kwake kumadza chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira, kufuna zakudya ndi kukonza, komanso mtengo wotsika. Palibe mapulogalamu apadera mdziko lililonse kapena dera lomwe kangaude amakhala, momwe akangaude amatetezedwa ndi chilengedwe kapena oyang'anira.
Ntchito zidziwitso zikuchitika ndi anthu m'malo omwe akangaude amakhala. Anthu amauzidwa zamalamulo amachitidwe akakumana ndi akangaude, pazomwe akuyenera kuchita nthawi yomweyo akalumidwa. Ana ndi ana asukulu amafotokozedwa kuopsa kwa kangaude wamtunduwu, komanso momwe ayenera kuchitira zinthu akakumana nawo kuti apewe kulumidwa ndi tizilombo toopsa.
Argiope Brunnich amadziwika kuti ndi nthumwi ya nyamakazi, zomwe ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi aliyense. Malo omwe amagawidwa ndi akulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Kuluma kwa kangaude sikuyenera kupha munthu wamkulu, wathanzi. Komabe, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu. Ngati kangaude idakwanitsabe kuluma munthu, muyenera kuyika nthawi yomweyo kuzizira pamalo olumirako ndikupempha thandizo kuchipatala.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: June 17, 2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 18:41
