Shaki ya mandimu ndi nyama yodya nyama yapadera yokhala ndi khungu losaneneka. Mtundu wake ulinso ndi mandimu, chifukwa chake zimatha kupita osadziwika kunyanja. Shark wa mano achikasu amathanso kupezeka pansi pa mayina ena: Panamanian owola-ofota, ofupika mano. Sharki amawerengedwa kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ngakhale siyani nyama yankhanza kwambiri. Osiyanasiyana komanso ofufuza amatha kuiwona mosavuta. Ngati simukuyenda modzidzimutsa ndipo musadziwonetsere nokha, nsombazi sizivulaza munthu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Lemon Shark
Lemon shark ndi woimira gulu la nsomba zamatenda, zopatsidwa kuyitanitsa karhariniformes, banja la imvi shark, mtundu wa shark wonenepa kwambiri, mitundu ya shark mandimu.
Makolo akale a nsombazi amakono anali ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake. Zakale zakufa za mano zikutsimikizira izi. Asayansi ndi ofufuza akuti kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wakudyayu kunali pafupifupi masentimita 30-50. Kupeza kwakaleku kwazaka pafupifupi 400 miliyoni. Kupeza kotereku ndikosowa kwambiri, chifukwa nyama zomwe zimadya nyamazi ndi nsomba zamatenda, chifukwa chake mafupa awo amapangidwa osati ndi mafupa, koma ndi mafinya, omwe amawola msanga.
Kanema: Lemon Shark
Pakadalipo mtunduwu, nsombazi zidagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse, popeza gawo lamadzi linali padziko lonse lapansi. Makolo akale a adani amakono anali ndi thupi losavuta, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala omasuka. Poyamba nyengo ya Carboniferous, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsombazi idangokhala yayikulu kwambiri. Inali nthawi iyi yomwe akatswiri azachthyologist amatcha zaka zagolide za nsombazi. Nthawi imeneyi, panali anthu okhala ndi njira yotumiza yosinthira mano. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakamwa pakhale zida za sharki, zomwe zimakhala ndi kusintha kwamano kosatha.
Chotsatira, nthawi ya kuwonekera kwa zolusa zazikulu - megalodons iyamba. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kupitilira mamita makumi atatu. Komabe, mtundu uwu udasowatu padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 1.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Pafupifupi zaka 245 miliyoni zapitazo, kusintha kwanyengo kunayamba, ndipo mapiri ochuluka kwambiri aphulika. Izi zapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi atheretu. Mitundu yochepa ya nsombazi yomwe ili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo ndiomwe adakhalira asaki amakono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Ndimu, kapena shark wachikasu
Laki shark amadziwika bwino pakati pa mitundu yonse ya nsombazi chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi mphamvu zake zosaneneka. Kuonjezera apo, amadziwika ndi mtundu wosazolowereka, wosagwirizana ndi adani a m'madzi. Malo akumbuyo amatha kusiyanasiyana: kuyambira wotumbululuka wachikasu, mchenga, mpaka pinki. Malo am'mimba amatha kukhala oyera kapena oyera.
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafika mamita 3-4, misa imaposa matani 1.5. Zowononga zimakhala ndi mano amphamvu komanso olimba, omwe samasiya wovulalayo mwayi umodzi wopulumutsidwa. Mano a nsagwada zakuthambo ndi amakona atatu, omata pang'ono, ndipo amatenthedwa pamtunda. Mano a nsagwada zakumunsi ndi zopota.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Woimira wamkulu wamtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi wolusa nyama, yemwe kukula kwake ndi 3,43 mita kutalika ndi pafupifupi 184 kilogalamu.
Pafupi ndi zimphona zodyerazi nthawi zonse pamakhala nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, zomwe zimapatsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakhungu la nsombazi. Zomwe zodziwika bwino za mitundu iyi ndizosowa kwa spiker komanso kupezeka kwa ma peyala asanu a ma gill. M'dera lakumbuyo, ali ndi zipsepse ziwiri za mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kukula kwake.
Mlomo wa shaki ndi waung'ono, wozungulira, wowongolerako komanso wafupikitsidwa. Mbali yapadera ndi maso akulu. Komabe, ndizofowoka ngati ziwalo zamasomphenya. Shark amadalira makamaka ma supersensitive receptors omwe amapezeka pakhungu la mutu wa thupi.
Amatchedwanso ampoules a Lorenzia. Amalemba zikoka zazing'onozing'ono zamagetsi zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi nsomba ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala m'madzi. Kudzera mwa zolandilira izi, nsombazi zimadziwa molondola mtundu wa nyama, kukula kwa thupi, mtunda ndi mayendedwe ake.
Kodi nsombazi zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Shaki yokhala ndi khosi lalifupi
Lemon shark amatha kusintha kusintha kwachilengedwe. Kafukufuku wambiri awonetsa kuti amatha kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana, komanso kumverera bwino m'madzi am'madzi.
Malo okhala nyama zolusa zam'madzi:
- Gulf of Mexico;
- Nyanja ya Caribbean;
- gawo lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic.
Mitundu iyi ya nyama zam'madzi zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi mapiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, miyala yam'nyanja, miyala yamiyala yamakorali, posankha mwala kapena mchenga pansi. Zowononga ndimu nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa pagombe, pafupi ndi kamitsinje kakang'ono.
Alenje okonda kukhetsa nyanja amamva bwino kwambiri pamtunda wa mamita 80-90. Izi ndichifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu kwa malo odyetserako ziweto ndi madzi ofunda. Komabe, pali anthu omwe amasambira mpaka kuya kwa mita 300-400.
Nsomba za mandimu sizimakonda kusamukira kutali. Amadziwika kuti ndi odyetsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakonda kugona pansi, kapena kubisala m'miyala yamiyala, kudikirira nyama yabwino yodyera komanso kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba za mandimu zimakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi lemon shark amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Lemon Shark
Nsomba za mandimu ndizilombo zazikulu kwambiri. Gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha mtundu uwu ndi anthu ena okhala kunyanja yakuya.
Zomwe zitha kukhala ngati fodya:
- nkhanu;
- lobusitara;
- fulonda;
- gobies;
- sikwidi;
- nyamazi;
- nsombazi, zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa nsombazi zakuthwa: zakuda mdima, imvi;
- ma stingray (ndimakonda kwambiri)
- zisindikizo;
- miyala;
- nsomba.
Zowononga mandimu zitha kuwukira oimira mitundu yawo, motero achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wawo wopulumuka. M'kamwa mwa nsomba mumakhala ndi mano akuthwa. Alenje a kunyanja amagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zapansi pokha kuti agwire ndikukonza wozunzidwayo, ndi nsagwada yakumtunda kuti adule nyama.
Lemon shark samathamangitsa omwe angamuzunze. Amangogona m'malo ena ndikuzizira. Atagwira chakudya chamadzulo, nsombazi zimadikirira kuti wovulalayo ayandikire kwambiri. Akakhala patali kwambiri, amapanga chofunda cha mphezi ndikumugwira.
Panalibe milandu yakupha munthu ndi shark wonenepa wamfuti. Komabe, mukakumana, kunyamuka, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Kuyenda mwachangu kumawoneka ngati zilombo zolusa ngati chizindikiro chakuwombera mwamphamvu kwa mphezi. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti nsomba za mandimu zimakopeka ndi phokoso la zoyendetsa zombo.
Shaki amasaka makamaka usiku. Nsomba zam'madzi zimapanga 80% yazakudya za nyamayi. Ena onse akhoza kukhala ma molluscs, ma crustaceans, ndi ena oimira phlegm ndi nyama. Achinyamata a nsomba zolusa zomwe sizinafike kukula kwa munthu wamkulu amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono. Pamene ikukula ndikukula, mphamvu ya shark imalowedwa m'malo ndi yayikulu komanso yopatsa thanzi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lemon Shark ndi Diver
Shaki za mandimu zimawonedwa ngati usiku, chifukwa amasaka makamaka mumdima. Amakhala omasuka kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'madzi, ndi zina zambiri. Achinyamata amakonda kusonkhana m'magulu kuti alumikizane kuti alimbane ndi okalamba, komanso amasaka ngati gulu. Komabe, mdera la shaki, chiopsezo chotenga tiziromboti chikuwonjezeka.
Mtundu wa nyama zolusa za m'madzi ndi za nsomba usiku. Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe pamadzi osapitirira 80-90 mita. Nsomba za mandimu ndizabwino kwambiri m'nyanja, ngakhale zili zazikulu. Amakhala omasuka kunyanja yakuya kwambiri komanso m'madzi osaya pafupi ndi gombe. Masana nthawi zambiri amapuma, amakonda kukhala nthawi yocheza wina ndi mnzake, pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yamchere kapena miyala.
Chosangalatsa: Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti oimira awa apamadzi ali ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa. M'modzi mwa ma aquariums, adaganiza kuti kuti mupeze gawo lotsatira la nyama yatsopano, muyenera kusindikiza batani lomwe lili pansi.
Amatha kusunga mawu ena kukumbukira kwawo kwa miyezi ingapo. Shark amagwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani zingapo kuti azilankhulana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chenjezo kwa abale awo za zomwe zichitike posachedwa. Nthawi zambiri, ma shark a mandimu amafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists kuti siopsa mtima. Nthawi zambiri, nsombazi sizingatheke kuukira popanda chifukwa, kapena ngati palibe chowopseza.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Lemon Shark
Nyengo yolumirana ya chilombocho imayamba kumapeto kwa masika kapena nthawi yachilimwe. Lemon shark ndi viviparous nsomba. Amabereka nsombazi zazing'ono pafupi ndi Bahamas. Pafupi ndi gombe, nsombazi zimapanga malo otchedwa nazale - malo ocheperako omwe azimayi angapo, mwinanso angapo, amaberekera ana awo.
Pambuyo pake, malo odyetserako ziweto adzakhala kwawo zaka zoyambirira za moyo. Ana obadwa kumene amakula pang'onopang'ono. Kwa chaka chonse cha moyo, amakula masentimita 10-20 okha. Shaki zokula bwino komanso zamphamvu zimasambira kutuluka mnyumba zawo kupita m'madzi akuya ndikukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Akazi achikulire omwe atha msinkhu amabereka ana zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Nthawi imodzi, mkazi m'modzi amabala nsombazi 3 mpaka 14. Chiwerengero cha anapiye chimadalira kukula ndi kulemera kwa mkazi.
Amayi amakwanitsa kufikira zaka 10-11. Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wazilombo m'zachilengedwe ndi zaka 30-33, pomwe amakhala mu ukapolo m'minda yazinyama amachepetsa zaka 5-7.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba za mandimu
Chithunzi: Wowopsa mandimu shark
Lemon shark ndi imodzi mwazilombo zothamanga kwambiri, zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zowopsa. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zachilengedwe komanso kulimbikira, alibe mdani m'malo achilengedwe. Kupatula kwake ndi munthu ndi zochita zake, komanso majeremusi omwe amakhala mthupi la nsombazi, omwe amadya mkatimo. Ngati tiziromboti tiwonjezeka, atha kupsa mtima nyama yolusa yoopsa komanso yoopsa.
Nthawi zingapo zakuluma kwa anthu ndi nsomba za mandimu zalembedwa. Komabe, palibe ngakhale imodzi yomwe idapha. Pakufufuza, zidatsimikizika kuti nsombazi sizimawona anthu ngati nyama kapena nyama.
Mosiyana ndi izi, zolusa zam'madzi iwowo amavutika ndi zochita za anthu. Anthu amasaka nyama zolusa ndimu chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu zonse. Zipsepse za nsomba ndizofunika kwambiri pamsika wakuda. Zotengera za Shark zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi zodzikongoletsera zokongoletsera. Imadziwikanso ndi kulimba kwamphamvu kwa khungu la shark. Nyama ya zolengedwa za kunyanjayi imadziwika kuti ndi yokoma kwambiri.
Ku United States of America, nsomba za mandimu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoyeserera. Zotsatira za mankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayesedwa pa iwo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Lemon Shark
Masiku ano nsombazi zimakhala ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Ambiri mwa nsombazi amakhala m'nyanja ya Atlantic. Chiwerengero cha anthu mdera la Pacific Ocean ndi ochepa.
Pakadali pano, palibe mapulogalamu apadera omwe angateteze kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuchuluka kwa nsomba za mandimu kumachepa chaka chilichonse. Izi sizingachitike kokha chifukwa chobera. Kawirikawiri zifukwa zakufa kwa nyama zolusa zazikulu ndi mafunde, omwe amawaponyera kumtunda. Amadziwika kuti dera lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja limawerengedwa kuti ndi malo okonda nyama zolusa ndimu, makamaka ngati pali gawo lamiyala yamiyala yamchere. Komanso, anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha kuipitsa dera lomwe amakhala ndi zinyalala ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana.
Ntchito zochepa zoberekera zimathandizanso kuchepa. Zazikazi zazikulu zimatha kubereka zikafika zaka zapakati pa 13-15, ndikubereka ana awiri zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Chifukwa china chakuchepa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mandimu shark ndikuti ang'ono ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala achibale awo. Ndi chifukwa chake achinyamata amapanga magulu kuti awonjezere mwayi wopulumuka.
Chitetezo cha mandimu
Chithunzi: Lemon shark kuchokera ku Red Book
Mitundu iyi yodya nyama zam'madzi ndiotetezedwa pang'ono ndi United Nations International Plan. Boma sililamula kuchuluka kwa nsomba za mandimu, ndipo palibe zilango zakupha ndikupha nyama zolusa mwazi.
M'madera momwe muli nyama zolusa, akatswiri azachilengedwe ndi mabungwe odzipereka akugwira ntchito kulikonse kuti ateteze kuipitsa madzi am'nyanja. Kwa achinyamata ndi achikulire, ziwerengero zimaperekedwa zomwe zimawonetsa kuchepa kwanthawi zonse kwa nsomba za mandimu, monga ena ambiri oimira nyama zam'madzi.
Shaki ya mandimu - chilombo chowopsa komanso chowopsa, kukumana nawo komwe kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Zochita za anthu ndi zinthu zina zikukhala zifukwa zakusowa kwa mitundu yambiri ya oimira odabwitsa a nyama zam'madzi ndi nyama.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 10:10
