Lark - kambalame kakang'ono, kakulidwe kake kakang'ono kuposa mpheta wamba, wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala pafupifupi makontinenti onse, ali ndi mawu abwino. Ndi ma lark omwe ndi oyamba kudziwitsa ndi kuyimba kwawo zakubwera kwa kasupe ndipo mawu awa samasiya aliyense alibe chidwi. Koma ma lark ndiosangalatsa osati nyimbo yawo yokha. Muyeneradi kumudziwa bwino mbalameyi, popeza mwaphunzira zizolowezi zake, mawonekedwe ake komanso moyo wake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Lark
Zimakhala zovuta kupeza munthu yemwe sadziwa mbalame zam'makomo. Mbalamezi zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndi mbali ya banja lalikulu lark, dongosolo la odutsa. Mitundu yambiri yama lark imakhala ku Eurasia ndi Africa. Amakonda malo, chifukwa chake amasankha malo opanda anthu komanso opanda moyo: madera osiyanasiyana, mapiri, madera, madambo. Komanso, nyama izi zimakonda madzi, chinyezi chambiri, chifukwa chake zimatha kupezeka pafupi ndi madambo, mitsinje, malo osungira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Lark, monga mbalame zina zambiri, anali "ngwazi" zazikulu zopeka, nthano komanso zizindikilo zowerengeka. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mbalamezi zimatha kupempha mvula panthawi yachilala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake lark nthawi zonse amalemekezedwa ndi anthu.
Kuzindikira khungwa pakati pa mbalame zina zosiyanasiyana sikophweka. Alibe owala, owoneka bwino. Nyama izi sizowonekera, kukula kwake ndi zazikulu pang'ono kuposa mpheta wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi la khungwa kumakhala, pafupifupi, masentimita khumi ndi anayi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu forte-faifi. Mbali yawo yapadera ndi mapiko akulu, motero ma lark amawuluka modabwitsa kwambiri komanso mwachangu.
Mutha kuzindikira mbalame yaying'ono poyimba mwaphokoso. Palibe amene angamenye lark mu izi. Amuna a m'banjali ali ndi matimbidwe osiyanasiyana, maluso awo "oimba" komanso maluso awo. Mbalame zimatha kuyimba mosalekeza pafupifupi mphindi khumi ndi ziwiri, pambuyo pake zimakhala chete kwakanthawi kochepa kuti zithandizenso mphamvu.
Kanema: Lark
Masiku ano banja lark lili ndi mitundu yoposa 70 ya mbalame. Mitundu yambiri yamakungwa imakhala ku Africa, Asia, Europe. Ku Russia, oimira mitundu khumi ndi inayi yokha amalembedwa, mitundu iwiri imakhala ku Australia, ndipo imodzi ku America.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya lark ndi iyi:
- munda;
- nkhalango;
- kumaliza;
- wachotsedwa;
- kuimba;
- nyanga;
- zazing'ono;
- Chijava.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: khungwa la mbalame
Pali mitundu ingapo yama lark, koma mawonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana kwambiri. Mamembala onse am'banjali ndi ocheperako kapena ocheperako. Kutalika kwa achikulire nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi anayi, koma mwachilengedwe palinso zitsanzo zokulirapo - kuyambira masentimita makumi awiri mpaka makumi awiri ndi asanu. Kulemera kwa thupi kulinso kwakukulu: kumakhala pakati pa magalamu khumi ndi asanu mpaka makumi asanu ndi atatu. Ngakhale kukula kwake kochepa thupi kulimba kwambiri, kugwetsedwa.
Lark ali ndi khosi lalifupi koma mutu waukulu. Mawonekedwe a mulomo ndi osiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mapiko a nthenga ndi aatali, otsogozedwa kumapeto. Mchira uli ndi nthenga khumi ndi ziwiri za mchira. Nthenga zimakhala ndi miyendo yolimba koma yaifupi yokhala ndi zala zapakati. Miyendo iyi imasinthidwa kuti izitha kuyenda pansi ndi malo ena athyathyathya. Lark samawoneka kawirikawiri m'nkhalango kapena m'mitengo. Izi zimachitikanso chifukwa chamatomical. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali kumapazi awo omwe amafanana ndi ma spurs. Ndiwo omwe salola kuti nyama zizikhala nthawi yayitali panthambi zazing'onozing'ono zosalimba.
Zosangalatsa: Ma Lark sindiwo oimba okha, komanso ma flyer abwino. Katunduyu adapatsidwa mbalame za banja lino mwachilengedwe. Ndi thupi laling'ono, nyama zimakhala ndi mapiko akuluakulu komanso mchira wawufupi. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti lark ziuluke mwachangu komanso zosunthika.
Mtundu wa nthenga mu lark ndiwofatsa, wosawonekera. Komabe, ichi sichinthu choyipa, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi nyama sizimawoneka kwenikweni kwa adani. Mtundu wa mbalame nthawi zambiri umabwereza mtundu wa nthaka, mdera lomwe amakhala. Palibe kusiyana kwamitundu yazimayi ndi yamphongo. Nyama zazing'ono zokha ndizomwe zimadziwika ndi utoto wa nthenga zawo. Ndi zokongola kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kwamitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana sikofunikira, komabe kulipo.
Khungwa limakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Khungwa la mbalame
Lark, monga mbalame zina zambiri, amasankha bwino malo awo. Oimira banja lino amakonda kukhala m'malo omwe pali udzu wambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri. Amasankha madambo, madambo, mapiri, nkhalango, mapiri, minda yomwe ili pafupi ndi gwero lamadzi: mtsinje, malo osungira, dambo. Mbalame zazing'ono zamtunduwu ndizofala kwambiri. Alipo pafupifupi kumayiko onse, kupatula ku Antarctica (chifukwa chakusowa kwa chakudya kumeneko komanso nyengo yabwino).
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yama lark amakhala ku Eurasia ndi Africa. Ku Africa, mbalame zimakhala kumpoto kwambiri, komwe kumakhala nyengo yabwino. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yama lark imayimiriridwa ku Europe ndi Asia. Pali mitundu 14 yokha ku Russia, ndipo imodzi yokha ku America. Komanso, owerengeka ochepa am'banja amakhala ku New Zealand, Australia.
Lark ndi alendo osowa m'mizinda, m'mizinda ndi m'midzi. Pafupi ndi anthu, mbalamezi zimauluka kokha kukafunafuna chakudya. Mbalame zimakonda kukhala nthawi yambiri m'malo otseguka. Amadzisankhira okha ndi nkhosa zawo madera ang'onoang'ono otenthedwa bwino ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa. Mbalamezi zimabisala mphepo komanso mvula m'mphepete mwake.
Kodi khungwa limadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mbalame yakutchire
Lark amakhala ndi chilakolako chabwino mwachilengedwe. Chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi zakudya zamasamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mbalamezi zimadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe zimapeza pansi. Koposa zonse, lark amakonda zakudya zomanga thupi. Amadyetsa mphutsi zazing'ono, mbozi, tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, mbozi. Sikovuta kupeza chakudya chotere m'malo opanda chinyezi. Mbalame zimatuluka mosavuta m'nthaka ndi mulomo wawo wakuthwa.
Komabe, chakudya cha mapuloteni sikokwanira nthawi zonse. Munthawi zotere, lark amadyetsa mbewu za chaka chatha, zomwe zimapezeka panthaka yaulimi, m'minda. Komanso chakudya cha nyama izi chimaphatikizapo oats, tirigu. Mbalame zimakonda dzinthu ndipo zimatha kuzidya zambiri.
Zosangalatsa: Lark ndi mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Pofuna kukonza kayendedwe kawo, amapeza ndi kumeza miyala yaying'ono. Izi zimathandiza nyamazo kuti zithetse kulemera kwake zitatha kudya, zimawongolera dongosolo lawo lakugaya chakudya lonse.
Tizilombo ndi gawo lina lofunikira pazakudya zoyambirira. Amadya nyerere, dzombe, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana, kafadala. Zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya chotere ndipo mbalame zimayenera kusaka. Komabe, powononga tizilombo timeneti, lark amabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa anthu. Amachepetsa tizirombo tambiri m'minda, minda komanso minda yamasamba.
Chovuta kwambiri kupeza chakudya cha mbalame zotere ndi nthawi yachisanu. Mitundu yomwe samauluka kumwera amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali tsiku lililonse kusaka mbewu, mbewu pansi pa chipale chofewa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lark
Moyo wa Lark umadalira mitundu yawo. Mitundu ina imakhala pansi, ina ndiyosuntha. Omwe amakhala pansi nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mayiko omwe nyengo yake imakhala yozizira nthawi yachisanu ndipo chakudya chimapezeka nthawi zonse. Ndikupezeka kwa chakudya chomwe ndichofunika kwambiri. Mitundu yosuntha ya lark imakhala m'maiko ndi madera ozizira kwambiri. Nyengo yozizira ikayamba, amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikutuluka m'nyumba zawo, kulowera kumwera.
Larks akugwira ntchito. Tsiku lonse amafunafuna chakudya, kapena amatanganidwa ndi kumanga chisa, kusamalira ana awo. Mbalame zimathera nthawi yochuluka pansi. Kumeneko amayang'ana chakudya ndikupumula. Mbalamezi sizimakhala pamitengo kapena mitengo, chifukwa zimakhala ndi miyendo ndi zala. Komanso akuluakulu amatha nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Amawuluka mwachangu, mwachangu komanso mwachangu.
Zosangalatsa: Lark amatha kutchedwa imodzi mw mbalame zowopsa kwambiri. Komabe, amatha kuwetedwa! Ndi kuyesetsa, munthu akhoza kuwonetsetsa kuti mbalameyo ikhala padzanja lake ndikudya zipatso zake.
Lark amakhala nthawi yayitali akuimba tsiku lililonse. Mbalamezi zimakonda kuyimba, zimaimba nthawi zambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Amuna samayimba pansi kokha, komanso mlengalenga. Nyimbo zawo ndizosangalatsa kumakutu, zosangalatsa. Makamaka, amuna amayimba m'nyengo yokhwima komanso pamene mkazi amaswana mazira. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, kuyimba kwa oimira banja lino kumamveka pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti amuna ndi akazi amasamalira ana awo mwakhama.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: khungwa la mbalame
Ma lark obereketsa amatha kuperekedwa magawo:
- mapangidwe awiri. Zikakhala m'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zosamuka zimabwerera kumalo awo ndipo zimayamba kufunafuna mitundu iwiri yabwino. Amuna amabwerera choyamba, kenako akazi. Amuna amakopa akazi ndi nyimbo yawo;
- kumanga chisa. Mabanjawo atapanga, nthawi yomanga chisa imayamba. Nthawi zambiri nthawi ino imagwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe msewu umadzaza kale ndi zobiriwira. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mubise nyumba zanu mopanda chidwi;
- mawonekedwe a ana. Mazira amayikidwa muzisa tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zambiri mkazi m'modzi amatulutsa machende atatu kapena asanu nthawi imodzi. Kenako, chachikazi chimakhala pachisacho ndipo chimafungatira ana amtsogolo. Pakadali pano, zamphongo zimapeza chakudya ndipo zimaimba mwakhama, zikuuluka mlengalenga. Pakati pa chilimwe, anapiye oyamba amabadwa. Amabadwa osowa chochita;
- kusamalira anapiye. Kwa pafupifupi milungu itatu, lark wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amachita ndi ana awo makamaka. Amawadyetsa, amawaphunzitsa kuuluka. Munthawi imeneyi, simungamve kuyimba kokongola kwa lark. Anapiye akukulira pang'onopang'ono, akudzala ndi nthenga ndipo kale pakati pa chilimwe amatha kusiya chisa pawokha ndikudzipezera chakudya.
Adani achilengedwe a lark
Chithunzi: Songbird Lark
Monga mbalame zina zazing'ono, lark ndi nyama zokoma zomwe zimadya nyama zolusa. Mbalamezi zimakhala zopanda chitetezo pamaso pa nyama zina, choncho nthawi zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha mapazi awo. Adani achilengedwe ofunikira kwambiri ndi nyama zolusa. Kadzidzi, akadzidzi a ziwombankhanga, akabawi, nkhandwe ndi gawo limodzi chabe mwa nyama zomwe zimatha kugwedeza ndi kuthamanga msanga zingwe zazing'ono pansi ndi mlengalenga momwe.
Chosangalatsa: Lark alibe mphamvu pamaso pa nyama zazikulu zolusa, koma apeza njira yabwino yopulumukira kwa iwo. Ngati nyama yolusa ikuthamangitsa khungwa louluka, imagwa nthawi yomweyo. Kawirikawiri kugwa kumachitika pa udzu wandiweyani, nkhalango, pomwe mbalame yaying'ono imatha kubisala ndikudikirira zoopsa.
Khwangwala, nkhalango ndi mbalame zina sizowopsa chifukwa sizomwe zimatha kuwuluka. Komabe, adani ambiri owopsa amabisalira lark pansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalamezi zimakhala nthawi yayitali kumeneko. Mbalame zimasaka chakudya pansi, nthawi zambiri zimaiwala za chitetezo chawo.
Kusasamala koteroko kumabweretsa mavuto. Pansi, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi mbewa zazikulu, njoka, ma ferrets, ma ermines, ma shrews ndi nyama zowononga zazikulu: nkhandwe, mimbulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Makungwa a mbalame ya Spring
Lark ndi gawo la banja lalikulu la mitundu yoposa 70 ya mbalame. Mwambiri, banja ili silikuwopsezedwa. Skylark idalandira mphotho ya Least Concern Conservation Status. Inde, mitundu yambiri ya lark ndi yofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anthu awo ndi ambiri, koma tikulankhula za mtundu umodzi wokha. Nchifukwa chiyani chiwerengero cha lark chikuchepa m'mayiko ena?
Izi zimakhudzidwanso chimodzimodzi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
- kukonza minda, minda yamasamba, minda yokhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Lark amadyetsa chilichonse chomwe apeza padziko lapansi: kuyambira nyongolotsi mpaka mbewu. Nthaka yapoizoni imabweretsa kufa kwakukuru kwa mbalame;
- kuipitsa matupi amadzi, mitsinje, nyanja. Mbalamezi zimafuna chinyezi, madzi oyera. Kusowa kwa madzi kumabweretsa imfa za nyama, kuchepa kwa nthawi yomwe amakhala ndi moyo;
- kuzunzidwa kawirikawiri ndi adani achilengedwe. Lark alibe chitetezo, mbalame zazing'ono. Ndizosavuta kugwira, zomwe ndizomwe nyama zina zimagwiritsa ntchito. Lark nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa cha mbalame ndi nyama zina zolusa.
Lark pakuyang'ana koyamba imawoneka ngati mbalame yaying'ono, yosawoneka bwino. Komabe, nyama iyi imafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Lark samangoyimba modabwitsa, komanso amathandizanso pakhomopo. Gulu lawo laling'ono limatha kuthetseratu minda ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuchokera kuzirombo zowopsa zomwe zimawononga kwambiri zokolola.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.06.2019
Tsiku losintha: 23.09.2019 nthawi 12:09
