Oimira ambiri a banja lalikulu la finch ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola modabwitsa. Imodzi mwa mbalamezi ndi alireza... Ma Goldfinches amakopeka ndi mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana, mawu omveka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kunyumba ndi okonda zachilendo. Nyama iyi siyokonda, ili ndi luntha lotsogola, imaphunzira msanga ndikuzolowera mwini wake. Kutchire, zokongoletsera zagolide zimakhala ndi zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi zambiri zosangalatsa. Mudzaphunzira zambiri za mbalame yapaderayi yapaderayi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Goldfinch
Goldfinch ndi mitundu ya mbalame yomwe ili m'gulu lalikulu la zolengedwa zagolide kuchokera kubanja la finch. Goldfinches ali amitundu ingapo. Amasiyana malo awo, zizolowezi zina komanso mawonekedwe ena akunja. Komabe, ali ndi zofanana zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yonse yazitsulo zagolide imakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi malo otseguka.
Kanema: Goldfinch
Kodi dzina loti "goldfinch" lidachokera kuti? Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu. Mtundu woyamba umati nyamayo idatchulidwa chifukwa cha "chovala" chake. Nthenga zokongola, zachilendo zimapangitsa mbalamezi kukhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zina zonsezo. Mtundu wachiwiri - dzina "goldfinch" limachokera ku Latin "Carduus". Mawu awa amatanthauza nthula. Ndi chomera ichi, kapena m'malo mwake mbewu zake, chomwe chimakonda kwambiri ma goldfinches.
Chosangalatsa: Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamagolide ndi utali sikuti umangokhala wokongola, wosangalatsa kuyimba. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti mbalamezi ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa alimi komanso anthu akumidzi. Masana, amawononga tizilombo tambiri tambiri tovulaza mbewu.
Mtundu wa goldfinches umaphatikizapo mbalame zambiri zosiyanasiyana: greenfinches, siskins, goldfinches, ovina matepi. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zoyikapo golidi? Maonekedwe ake ndi ofanana kwambiri: kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufikira masentimita khumi ndi awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu makumi awiri. Goldfinches ali ndi thupi lolimba, mutu wozungulira, mlomo wawung'ono koma wakuthwa. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi abale ena ndi nthenga. Mitundu ya mbalame imakhala yakuda, yoyera, yachikaso, yofiira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame goldfinch
Pofotokoza zopindika zagolide, munthu sangathe koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma epitheti ambiri owala. Maonekedwe akunja a nyama amadabwitsadi ndi chisokonezo chamitundu, mgwirizano. Kukula kwa thupi la nyama ndilochepa. Goldfinches ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa mpheta wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikumangodutsa masentimita khumi ndi awiri. Mosiyana ndi mpheta zomwezo, thupi la goldfinch ndilolimba. Ali ndi minofu yolimba, miyendo ndi yolimba, zikhadabo zakuthwa ndi mlomo wawung'ono wokhala ndi mathero osongoka.
Mtundu wa nyama ndi wosiyana, kutengera mitundu. M'chilengedwe muli Yemeni, yolimba, yamutu wakuda, imvi. Palinso ma subspecies ambiri. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi iwiri yomaliza: yamutu wakuda ndi imvi.
Pali zosiyana pamitengo yawo, mtundu wake:
- nsonga zakuda zagolide zimatchedwa wamba. Ndiwo mitundu yochuluka kwambiri ya goldfinch ndipo imagawidwa pafupifupi ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia. Mutu wa mbalameyi ndi wakuda, nthenga zoyera zilipo pamasaya, ndipo mapikowo ndi akuda ndi achikasu. Mbalame za mitu yakuda zili ndi malire a milomo yofiira;
- zotchinga zaimvi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yowala pang'ono, manambala ochepera. Mbalamezi zimakhala makamaka ku Asia, Siberia. Nthenga zagolide za mitu yofiirira zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mithunzi ikuluikulu iwiri: bulauni ndi imvi. Komabe, palinso mphete ya nthenga zofiira kuzungulira mlomo.
Chosangalatsa: Ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa golide wachimuna ndi wamwamuna ndi mawonekedwe akunja. Wasayansi wodziwa yekha ndi amene amatha kuzindikira kusiyana kwakugonana. Zazikazi za nyamazi zili ndi nthenga zowala zofananira. Zitha kuperekedwa kokha ndi kansalu kofiira kofiyira komwe kali pansi pamlomo.
Kodi goldfinch amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Goldfinch akuthawa
Mitundu yonse yamagolide imakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - mbalame zimakonda ufulu, zimasankha malo otseguka amoyo. Ukhoza kukhala dimba lachilendo, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, nkhalango zowuma. Nyengo ya nyamazi sizichita nawo gawo lapadera. Amasintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Zopatulazo ndizotsika kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri. Chofunikira posankha malo okhala nyama zotere ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya choyenera, madzi pafupi.
Goldfinches amatha kutchedwa mbalame zokhazikika. Ndi ziweto zochepa chabe zomwe zimasiya zisa zawo ndikayamba kuzizira ndikupita kumene kumatentha. Ena onse amakhala m'nyumba zawo nthawi yachisanu. Nyama izi ndizochulukirapo ndipo ndizofala. Malo awo achilengedwe akuphatikizapo: Russia, Caucasus, Africa, Asia, kumadzulo kwa Europe.
Mbalame zimakhala mofanana. Chifukwa chake, ambiri aiwo amakhala ku Europe, osachepera agolide ambiri ku Africa. Komanso mitundu yamitengo yagolide imakhudza kukhazikika. Blackheads amakonda kukhala ndi chisa makamaka ku Europe. Ku Africa ndi Asia, amapezeka m'magulu ochepa. Zingwe zoyera zaimvi zimakhala ku Asia, Siberia, Kazakhstan. Ndizochepa ku Europe.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe golideyu amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi goldfinch amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Male goldfinch
Goldfinches amakonda kudzipezera chakudya limodzi ndi abale awo. Nthawi zambiri sawuluka kuti akadye okha. Gulu la zokopa zagolide ndizosatheka kuphonya. Mbalame zambiri zowala, zokongola nthawi yomweyo zimakopa chidwi. Gulu la nkhono zagolide nthawi zambiri limayang'ana chakudya m'minda, m'minda, kumidzi, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Pofunafuna chakudya, amadziwika ndi luso, chisomo. Goldfinches imatha kuyenda mwachangu ngakhale panthambi zochepa kuti ifike kumbewu kapena mbozi.
Zakudya zamagolide zagolide zomwe zimakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe zimaphatikizapo:
- tizilombo todwalitsa tosiyanasiyana. Mbalamezi zimamasula nkhalango, minda, mbewu kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo mofulumira. Khalidwe ili limayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu;
- mbewu. Amadya nyemba zamtundu, nthula, ziphuphu, ndi mbewu zina zambiri;
- bzalani chakudya. Ngati mbalame zimamva kusowa kwa mbewu ndi tizilombo, ndiye kuti zimatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo ndi chakudya chazomera: masamba, zimayambira, udzu;
- mphutsi, mbozi. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi akulu. Chakudya chotere chimapezeka makamaka kudyetsa ana.
Chosangalatsa: Kwa moyo ndi kudyetsa, zokongoletsera zagolide zimasankha gawo lina kuti likhale lawo, ndikuwona ngati kwawo. Mbalame zazing'onozi sizimakonda opikisana nawo, chifukwa chake zimatha kumenya nkhondo ndi mbalame zina zomwe zimasankha kuti zizidya m'malo amenewa.
Monga tanena kale, zopangira zagolide nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa kunyumba. Kuti muwadyetse, akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi: mbewu za hemp, paini, dandelion, chomera, njoka zam'mimba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, chisakanizo cha canary, masamba, zitsamba, zipatso, zipolopolo. Kufunika kwa madzi abwino sikuyenera kuyiwalanso. Mbalamezi zimakonda madzi. Iyenera kusinthidwa kawiri patsiku.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame goldfinch wamkazi
Goldfinches amakhala ndi moyo wachangu komanso wochezeka. Amakhala nthawi yawo yayitali muthumba, osunthika kuchoka kumalo osiyanasiyana kupita kwina. Ndiwo nyama zokangalika. Simawoneka kawirikawiri atakhala mwamtendere pa nthambi. Goldfinches amakonda kuuluka ndikuchita bwino. Amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga, nthawi zonse amawoneka ngati nthenga zawo zowala motsutsana ndi mbalame zina.
Kuimba ndichinthu china chomwe amakonda kwambiri mbalamezi. Amayimba kwambiri, amakhala ndi mawu osangalatsa. M'ndandanda yake, goldfinch iliyonse imakhala ndi nyimbo zopitilira makumi awiri. Nyimbo zina sizimasangalatsa khutu la munthu, zimafanana ndi mawu akupera. Koma nyimbo zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa ndi golidi ija ndizabwino kwambiri, mofananamo ndi nyimbo zaku canaries. Chofunika kwambiri pa mbalamezi ndi luso lawo lapadera loloweza pamtima ndi kutulutsa mawu ena akunja.
Chikhalidwe cha zolembedwazo chingafotokozeredwe kukhala chete. Mbalame zimagwirizana mosavuta m'magulu akuluakulu. Nyamayo sisonyezanso kupsa mtima kwa munthu, imazolowera msanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera, goldfinch imatha kukwezedwa kuti ikhale chiweto chanzeru, chomvera. Kupsa mtima kwa ma goldfin kumawonetsedwa pakulimbana kwa madera komanso poteteza ana awo. Mbalamezi zimachita nsanje kwambiri ndi dera lawo, salola kuti alendo aziyandikira, ndipo amatha kumenyana ndi mbalame yomwe idakhalako.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Pair ya Goldfinches
Makhalidwe obereketsa, kutalika kwa nyengo yokhwima komanso nthawi zina zogwirizana ndi ana zimadalira mitundu yazipilala zagolide komanso malo omwe amakhala nthawi zonse. M'malo awo achilengedwe, ma goldfinches amayamba kuswana ndikuyang'ana wokwatirana kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February. Kumadera otentha, nyengo yokomerana imatha kuyamba koyambirira. Mbalamezi zimaswa msanga mokwanira ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kumanga banja lawo.
Ntchito yomanga chisa muzitsulo zagolide ili ndi zina:
- ntchito yonseyi imachitika ndi akazi okhaokha;
- mawonekedwe a nyumba ya zolembera zagolide amafanana ndi mbale zolimba;
- chisa chimapezeka mumitengo yayitali, kutali ndi thunthu. Mwanjira imeneyi, chinyama chikuyesera kuteteza ana amtsogolo kwa adani;
- chisa chimamangidwa ndi masamba a udzu, moss, ndere, ulusi wopepuka, mizu.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, nthawi zambiri ma goldfinches onse amaswa kale awiriawiri, amakhala ndi chisa chawo. Komanso, udindo waukulu umaperekedwa kwa wamwamuna. Ayenera kuthira mkazi. Mazira amaikidwa ndi akazi pafupi ndi chilimwe. Clutch imodzi imakhala ndi mazira pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi. Mazira ali ndi tinge wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira. Mkaziyo amawafikitsa kwa milungu iwiri, kenako anawo amabadwa.
Achichepere ali kwathunthu mu chisamaliro cha makolo milungu iwiri ina. Ndiye ali okonzeka kwathunthu moyo wodziyimira pawokha, motero mwachangu achoka mnyumbamo. Komabe, poyamba, achinyamata amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi chisa cha makolo, chifukwa kwakanthawi makolo amapatsa ana awo tizilombo ndi mphutsi.
Adani achilengedwe a zophera zagolide
Chithunzi: Mbalame goldfinch
Nthenga zowala zachilendo zagolide ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zina. Komabe, zimayambitsanso kufa kwa mbalame. Kuchokera pamitundu yotere yagolide kumakhala kovuta kuti musazindikire zolusa. Mbalamezi zimasakidwa pafupifupi ndi mitundu yonse ya mbalame zolusa. Ziwombankhanga, akadzidzi, akabawi ndi ena opha nyama amapita mwakachetechete akugwira zingwe zazing'onoting'ono za golide m'mlengalenga kapena pansi, pomwe mbalamezi zimakhala kalikiliki kusaka chakudya.
Nyama zina zolusa zilinso zoopsa pazitsulo zagolide. Nkhandwe, ferrets, weasels, amphaka amtchire nawonso saopa kudya mbalamezi. Zowononga izi zimakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Amasaka mbalame pansi, pomwe zikopa zagolide zimayang'ana tizilombo kapena mbewu zodyera. Vuto limakhala chifukwa chakuti zolimbitsa golidi nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa pagulu. Chilombocho chiyenera kutenga chinthu chimodzi chosasamala, pamene gulu lonse linyamuka kupita kumwamba.
Agologolo, akhwangwala, otchera matabwa nawonso amadana ndi zolembera zagolide. Nyama izi zimagwira ntchito zowononga zisa. Amamenya anapiye osadziteteza pamene makolo awo kulibe. Agologolo amaba mazira. Nthawi zina ziweto zimatha kuvulaza mbalame. Amphaka amatha kugwira ndikudya kambalame kakang'ono mosavuta. Komabe, izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Goldfinches amakonda kukhala kutali ndi nyumba za anthu. Ndipo, zowonadi, mdani wa zophera zagolide ndi munthu. M'mayiko ena, anthu amazigwira mwadala mbalamezi kuti azisungire nyumba, koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa kusamalira nyama yotere, ndipo imafera msanga ikamangidwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Goldfinch ku Russia
Mtundu wa goldfinches umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, zomwe zomwe zimayikidwa pagolide zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofala kwambiri. Nyama izi zimaberekana mwachangu, zimatha kupirira nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kupatula chisanu choopsa. Goldfinches si mitundu ya mbalame yomwe ili pangozi. Mkhalidwe Wawo Wosungira: Osadandaula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi mbalame zizisunga mitundu yawo ndi kuchuluka kwake mokwanira.
Kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi m'malo awo achilengedwe kumakhala kokhazikika. Mbalamezi sizimangosamukira kwina, zimangokhala. Padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa ma goldfinches ndikosakhazikika, koma pali subspecies yomwe ikucheperachepera koma ikuchepa. Zinthu zingapo zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zolembera zagolide. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikudula mitengo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zovulaza pokonza minda ndi nthaka. Mwanjira imeneyi, munthu amangomana chinyama chakudya ndi pogona.
Chosangalatsa: Goldfinches ndi mbalame zazing'ono koma zolimba. Kumtchire, amakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zitatu, ali mu ukapolo kwa zaka zopitilira khumi.
M'mayiko ena, zopangira golide zidayamba kutetezedwa ndi boma. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chidwi chowonjezeka cha anthu mu mbalame zowala, zokongolazi. Anthu adayamba kugwira zolembera zagolide kuti ziwasunge kunyumba. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti the goldfinch yakutchire ikhalabe yolusa. Mbalame zokha zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera ndizoyenera kusungidwa kunyumba.
Goldfinches ndi mbalame zokongola, zokhala ndi chidwi chokhala ndi mawu odabwitsa. Ma trill awo ndiabwino, koma siukoma okha wa nyama. Thandizo lawo laumunthu ndilofanana. Goldfinches amadya tizirombo tomwe timawononga kwambiri zokolola. Kuphatikiza apo, alireza - mbalame yomwe imatha kukhala yokhulupirika, yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa. Mutha kugula zophera zagolide panyumba panu pafupi ndi sitolo iliyonse yayikulu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/13/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 10:15
