Shark goblin, yemwenso amadziwika ndi mayina ena - nsomba zakuya, za sharki, ndi imodzi mwamaphunziro osaphunzira kwambiri komanso akale. Zambiri zotsimikizika pazakudya zake, momwe zimakhalira mdera labwino, kuberekana. Koma china chake chitha kunenedwabe chinyama chodabwitsa chakuya ichi - ndipo iyi ndi nsomba yachilendo kwambiri!
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Shark Goblin
Mwa banja lobwereranso la scapanorhynchid shark, mtundu uwu umangotengedwa kuti ndi wopulumuka wokha. Amakhulupirira - chifukwa chifukwa cha malo okhala mkati mwa gawo lamadzi ndi nsombazi, ziphuphu ndizosowa kwambiri kwa ofufuza, chifukwa chake palibe amene akudziwa ngati kuya kwa nyanja ndi mtundu wina wa banja lino, kapena zingapo, zimabisika mwa iwo eni.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba goblin shark adagwidwa mu 1898. Chifukwa chachilendo cha nsomba, malongosoledwe ake asayansi sanapangidwe nthawi yomweyo, koma pokhapokha atafufuza mwatsatanetsatane, zomwe zidatenga pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, zidachitika ndi DS Jordan. Nsomba zoyamba zomwe zidagwidwa zidali zazing'ono, mita imodzi yokha kutalika, chifukwa chake, poyamba, asayansi anali ndi lingaliro lolakwika za kukula kwa mitunduyo.
Kanema: Shark Goblin
Adasankhidwa kukhala Mitsukurina owstoni pambuyo pa Alan Owston ndi Pulofesa Kakechi Mitsukuri - woyamba adachigwira ndipo wachiwiri anali kuphunzira. Ofufuzawo nthawi yomweyo adazindikira kufanana kwa Mesozoic shark scapanorhynchus, ndipo kwakanthawi adakhulupirira kuti ndi ichi.
Kenako kusiyanako kunakhazikitsidwa, koma monga amodzi mwa mayina osadziwika "scapanorinh" adakonzedwa. Mitunduyi ilidi yogwirizana, ndipo popeza scapanorinch weniweni sanapulumuke, ndizoyenera kutchula wachibale wake wapafupi kwambiri ameneyo.
Shark goblin shark ndi wamtundu wobwezeretsanso: wakhalapo pafupifupi zaka 50 miliyoni, umakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zotsalira motero ndiwosangalatsa kuphunzira. Oimira akale kwambiri a banja la scapanorhynchid ankakhala m'nyanja zapadziko lapansi zaka pafupifupi 125 miliyoni zapitazo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Goblin Shark kapena Brownie
Dzinalo limadzetsa mayanjano - ziphuphu nthawi zambiri sizimasiyana pakukongola. Shark goblin amawoneka owopsa kwambiri kuposa ambiri aiwo: amatchedwa choncho chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osazolowereka komanso owopsa - mawonekedwe osokonekera komanso osazolowereka a anthu nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi nzika zakuya, okhala pansi povutitsidwa kwambiri ndi gawo lamadzi.
Nsagwada ndizotalikirapo ndipo zimatha kuthamangira kutsogolo kwambiri, ndipo pamlomo pake pamatuluka mphukira yayitali ngati mlomo. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu la nsombazi limakhala lowonekera ndipo zotengera zimawonekera - zimapatsa mtundu wa pinki wamagazi, womwe umasintha msanga kukhala bulauni atamwalira.
Zombozo zili pafupi pakhungu lenileni, zimawoneka bwino, kuphatikiza chifukwa cha izi. Kutengera uku sikuti kumangopatsa nsomba mawonekedwe osasangalatsa komanso owopsa, komanso kumalola kupuma kwa khungu. Zipsepse za ventral ndi kumatako zimapangidwa mwamphamvu komanso zazikulu kuposa zakuthambo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziziyenda bwino, koma goblin shark imalephera kuthamanga kwambiri.
Thupi limapangidwira, ngati mawonekedwe a spind, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ziziyenda bwino. Scapanorhynchus ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba, chifukwa chake, ngakhale yayitali kwambiri, ilibe kulemera kwakukulu motere malinga ndi miyezo ya shark: imakula mpaka 2.5-3.5 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 120-170. Ili ndi mano akutsogolo komanso akuthwa kutsogolo, ndipo mano akumbuyo adapangidwa kuti aziluma nyama ndi kuphwanya zipolopolo.
Ili ndi chiwindi chotukuka kwambiri: chimalemera kotala la kulemera konse kwa nsomba. Chiwalo ichi chimasunga michere, yomwe imathandiza goblin shark kukhala moyo wautali popanda chakudya: ngakhale milungu iwiri kapena itatu yanjala siyimulanda mphamvu zake zonse. Ntchito ina yofunika pachiwindi ndikubwezeretsa chikhodzodzo.
Zosangalatsa: Maso a goblin shark amawala wobiriwira mumdima, monga anthu ena ambiri okhala m'madzi akuya, chifukwa mdimawo kwambiri pamenepo. Koma amadalirabe kupenya pang'ono kuposa mphamvu zina.
Kodi goblin shark amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Goblin wa Shark m'madzi
Malo okhalamo sakudziwika motsimikiza; munthu akhoza kungoganiza za madera omwe scapanorhynchia adagwidwa.
Malo okhala nsomba za Goblin:
- Nyanja ya China;
- dera la Pacific Ocean kum'mawa kwa gombe la Japan;
- Nyanja ya Tasman;
- Nyanja Yaikulu ku Australia;
- madzi kumwera kwa South Africa;
- Gulf ya ku Guinea;
- Nyanja ya Caribbean;
- Bay ya Biscay;
- Nyanja ya Atlantic kunyanja ya Portugal.
Kwa nthawi yonseyi, anthu ochepera makumi asanu adagwidwa, ndipo pamaziko a zitsanzo zoterezi ndizosatheka kupeza malingaliro olimba pamalire amtunduwo.
Japan ndiye mtsogoleri pagulu la nsombazi - zidali m'nyanja zikutsuka pomwe ambiri mwa iwo adapezeka. Izi, komabe, mwina makamaka chifukwa choti ku Japan ali ndi nsomba zakuya zakuya, ndipo sizitanthauza kuti ndim'madzi awa momwe ambiri a Scapanorinch amakhala.
Kuphatikiza apo: ndi nyanja ndi magombe omwe adatchulidwa, pomwe nyanja yotseguka ikuyenera kukhala kunyumba kwa shaki zambiri, koma kusodza kwakanthawi kwam'madzi kumachitika m'mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri. Mwambiri, madzi am'nyanja zonse ndioyenera kukhalamo - chokhacho chingakhale Nyanja ya Arctic, komabe, ofufuzawo satsimikiza za izi.
Choyimira choyambacho chidagwidwanso pafupi ndi gombe la Japan, mdziko muno dzinali adapatsidwa dzinali ngati shark-goblin - ngakhale silinagwiritsidwe ntchito ku Russia kwanthawi yayitali. Amakonda kumutcha brownie - chilengedwechi chodziwika bwino chimadziwika kwambiri ndi anthu aku Soviet.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa madzi am'nyanja, omwe akhala akuchitika kwanthawi yayitali, ma scapanorhynchians akusintha pang'onopang'ono malo awo, akupita kumtunda. Koma zakuya ndizofunikirabe: nsombazi zimakonda kukhala ndi madzi osachepera 200-250 mita pamwamba pamutu pake. Nthawi zina amasambira mozama - mpaka mamita 1500.
Kodi goblin shark amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Goblin Deep Sea Shark
Zakudyazo sizinafotokozeredwe moyenera, popeza zomwe zili m'mimba sizinasungidwe mu nsomba zomwe zagwidwa: zidatsitsidwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwakanthawi pakukwera. Chifukwa chake amangotsala ndi malingaliro chabe pazomwe amadyetsa.
Maziko omaliza anali, mwazinthu zina, kapangidwe ka nsagwada ndi zida zamano za nsombazi - monga ofufuza akuwonetsera kutengera zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo, ma scapanorhynchians amatha kudyetsa zamoyo zakuya zam'madzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuyambira plankton mpaka nsomba zazikulu. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizaponso cephalopods.
Mwachidziwikire, goblin shark amadyetsa:
- nsomba;
- plankton;
- sikwidi;
- nyamazi;
- nsomba zam'madzi;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono;
- nkhanu;
- nkhono;
- zovunda.
Kuti agwire nyama yake, imagwiritsa ntchito mano ake akutsogolo, ndikuiluma ndi mano akumbuyo. Nsagwada zimapangidwa bwino, posaka, imawakankhira patsogolo, imagwira ndikugwira nyama, komanso nthawi yomweyo imakoka madzi mkamwa.
Sizingatheke kugwira nyama yomwe imatha kuyenda mwachangu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imangokhala kwa ocheperako kunyanja - imangowapeza ndikuwayamwa ngati ali ochepa, ndipo imagwira zazikulu ndi mano ake.
Ngati simungathe kupeza zokwanira mwanjira imeneyi, muyenera kuyang'ana zovunda - njira yogaya chakudya ya goblin shark imasinthidwa kuti izikonze. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osungira zinthu m'chiwindi amalola kuti azikhala kwanthawi yayitali osadya konse, ngati kufunafuna nyama sikupambana.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Shark Goblin
Simawerengedwe bwino kwenikweni chifukwa cha momwe amakhalira: imakhala m'madzi akuya, ndipo ndizovuta kuti mufufuze malowa. Chifukwa chake, asayansi amapeza mfundo zazikulu kuchokera pazitsanzo zochepa zomwe zinagwidwa. Nditaphunzira izi, adazindikira kuti, ngakhale amawoneka achilendo, uyu ndi shaki weniweni, osati wopusitsa - kale panali malingaliro otere.
Asayansi amakhalanso ndi chidaliro pamtundu wamtunduwu - ngakhale nsomba zakufa sizinapezeke, ali ndi njira yamoyo, makamaka ndikuti mitundu ina ya nsombazi zakale zidatsogozedwa. Izi zikuwonetsedwanso ndi kapangidwe kake, m'njira zambiri zofananira ndi zolengedwa zomwe zatha.
Ngakhale sizikudziwika bwinobwino, amakhulupirira kuti ndi okhaokha - mwina palibe chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti amapanga masango, ndipo agwidwa m'modzi m'modzi. Sikunali kotheka kuphunzira goblin shark wamoyo ngakhale m'malo opangira - munthu yekhayo amene adapulumuka atamugwira adamwalira sabata imodzi pambuyo pake, osalola kuti zidziwike zambiri.
Chosangalatsa: M'malo mwake, dzina losavomerezeka silinaperekedwe konse polemekeza ziphuphu, koma tengu - zolengedwa zanthano zaku Japan. Chodziwika chawo chachikulu ndi mphuno yayitali kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake asodzi aku Japan nthawi yomweyo adadza ndikufanizira. Popeza kunalibe tengu mu nthano zakumadzulo, adasinthidwa kukhala ziphuphu, ndipo ku USSR zinali chimodzimodzi - brownies.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Goblin Shark, ndi brownie shark
Amawerengedwa kuti ndi odyetsa okha chifukwa chofanana ndi mitundu yofananira. Ma Pisces amasonkhana palimodzi panthawi yokwatirana, zomwe sizinafotokozedwebe. Zimabwera zaka zingapo zilizonse. Nthawi yonse yomwe amathera akusaka nzika zina zakuya, ndizotheka kuti oimira mitundu ina yawo nawonso.
Asayansi amathanso kulingalira zakubala, popeza mayi wapakati sanagwidwepo - komabe, izi zitha kuchitika ndikutsimikiza kwakukulu kutengera kuphunzira kwa asaka ena, kuphatikiza akuya. Mwinamwake, scapanorhynchia ndi ovoviviparous, mazira amakula mwachindunji mthupi la mayi.
Amawoneka okonzeka kale kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha - ndipo umayamba nthawi yomweyo. Amayi sasamala mwachangu, samaphunzitsa ndipo sawadyetsa, koma nthawi yomweyo amachoka, chifukwa iwowo amayenera kusaka ndi kubisala kwa adani - mwamwayi, palibe ambiri omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi padziko lapansi.
Chosangalatsa: Kutuluka kwakutali, komwe kumapereka theka la "chithumwa" cha goblin shark, kumakhala ngati magetsi. Lili ndi thovu la Lorenzini lomwe limatenga ngakhale magetsi ofooka kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti zizindikire nyama mumdima, kuphatikiza zosayenda.
Adani achilengedwe a goblin shark
Chithunzi: Shark Goblin
Pansi penipeni pa nsombazi, ilibe adani oopsa - kunena izi mwina kumalephereka chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso, koma malo okhalamo, mosiyana ndi zigawo zam'madzi, samasinthidwa kukhala nyama zazikulu zolusa, ndipo scapanorinh ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi okhala oopsa m'mbali yamadzi.
Zotsatira zake, amatha kukhala wolimba mtima komanso osawopa chilichonse. Kusamvana ndi nsomba zina ndizotheka, pamene scapanornh imakwera m'madzi okwera, ndipo, m'malo mwake, amapita pansi. Koma izi sizomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi - makamaka pazitsanzo zodziwika bwino za shark shark kuluma kwa anyani akuluakulu.
Kusemphana ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi akuya kumatha kuchitika, chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu, koma scapanorinch ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri komanso zowopsa pakati pawo, chifukwa chowopseza chachikulu chimadzaza ndewu ndi anthu amtundu wake. Sizikudziwika kuti zimachitika, koma ndizofanana ndi nsomba zonse.
Mosiyana ndi achikulire, pali zowopseza zambiri kwa achinyamata - mwachitsanzo, nsombazi. Komabe, amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri kuposa mwachangu za nsombazi wamba, popeza zamoyo zam'madzi akuya ndizocheperako, ndipo zimakula msanga kuti zisawope pafupifupi aliyense.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Goblin Deep Sea Shark
Zimakhala zovuta kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa nsomba za goblin kutengera mtundu wa omwe agwidwa - alipo 45 okha mzaka zopitilira zana kuchokera pomwe anapeza, koma izi sizikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwakomweku. Komabe, ofufuza akukhulupirirabe kuti pali nsomba zochepa kwambiri.
Koma sizokwanira kuzindikira kuti ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha - anthu ochepa omwe adagwidwa adapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, chifukwa chake pali njira ziwiri: choyamba, malo ogawira a scapanorhynchus ndi otakata, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ndi otsika kwambiri padziko lapansi, kulibe ochepa aiwo.
Chachiwiri - pali anthu osachepera khumi ndi theka omwe amakhala okhaokha, momwemonso kupulumuka kwa goblin shark sikuwopsezedwanso. Kupitilira apo, komanso chifukwa choti malonda amtunduwu samachitidwa, amaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yazinthu zomwe sizowopseza (Least Concern - LC).
Dziwani kuti nsagwada za goblin shark zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zofunika kwambiri, ndipo osonkhanitsa amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi mano ake akulu. Komabe, chidwi chake sichabwino kwenikweni kuti azichita nawo usodzi wapanyanja makamaka izi - scapanorinha amateteza moyo wake ku kuwononga nyama.
Koma zimadziwika kuti nsomba zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zidagulitsidwa m'manja mwaokha kuposa zomwe zidafika kwa asayansi - kufupi ndi Taiwan munthawi yochepa adakwanitsa kugwira pafupifupi zana. Koma zoterezi zimangochitika zokha, kusodza sikuchitika.
Shark goblin ali ndi phindu lalikulu kwa asayansi - ndi nsomba zakale, zomwe zimawunikira momwe zinthu zinasinthira ndikupeza chithunzi chokwanira chazinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhalapo padziko lapansili kalekale. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti ndi imodzi mwazilombo zazikulu kwambiri komanso zotukuka kwambiri zomwe zimatha kukhala mozama kupitirira mita 1,000 - mumdima komanso mopanikizika kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 10.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 22.09.2019 pa 23:49
