Nsombazi - osati nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, koma imodzi mwangozi. Ndi nyama yolusa komanso yothamanga, imazindikira nyama yomwe ili patali ndipo ili ndi mano otha kutafuna mafupa. Powona mikwingwirima yake, ndi bwino kubwerera. Amangoyang'ana nyama pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndipo amatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimamuyang'ana.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Tiger shark
Makolo akale a nsomba zamasiku ano amakhala padziko lapansi munthawi ya Silurian (zaka 420 miliyoni BC). Koma kuti anali nsomba zamtundu wanji ndi funso lokayikira. Omwe amaphunziridwa kwambiri ndi cladoselachia - ali ndi thupi lofanana ndi nsombazi, koma zopanda ungwiro, zomwe sizinawalole kuti apange liwiro limodzi.
Amachokera ku ma placoderms, nyama zodya shark - malinga ndi mtundu wina, zam'madzi, malinga ndi zina, madzi oyera. Mbadwa za cladoselachia sizinasiyidwe, koma mwina nsomba imodzi yofananira komanso yamasiku ano idakhala kholo la nsombazi.
Kanema: Tiger Shark
Kuchokera apa zikuwonekeratu kuti kusinthika koyambirira kwa nsombazi ndikosamveka bwino komanso kotsutsana: mwachitsanzo, kale ankakhulupirira kuti kholo lawo linali hibodus, nsomba yodyetsa mita ziwiri yomwe idapezeka munthawi ya Carboniferous. Koma tsopano asayansi amakonda kukhulupirira kuti hibodus anali gawo limodzi lokhalo la chisinthiko.
Zinthu zimawonekera bwino munthawi ya Triassic, nsomba zikawonekera, zomwe zimawerengedwa kale ngati nsomba. Iwo adakula ngakhale pomwepo, koma kusintha kwakukulu kudadza ndi kutayika kodziwika bwino kwa ma dinosaurs, komanso ndi nyama zina zambiri.
Kuti apulumuke, nsombazi zomwe zimakhalapo padzikoli zimayenera kumangidwanso kwambiri, ndipo adapeza zinthu zambiri zamakono. Apa ndipamene zida ngati karharin zidawonekera, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa nsombazi. Izi zikuphatikizapo tiger shark.
Mitundu yamakono ndiyo yokhayo yomwe ili ndi dzina lomwelo. Mbiri ya gawolo ndi yovuta komanso yosokoneza - dzina lake m'Chilatini liyenera kusinthidwa koposa kamodzi kapena kawiri. Adafotokozedwa mu 1822 ndi Lesueur ndi Peron pansi pa dzina loti squalus cuvier.
Koma patangopita zaka zitatu, mu ntchito ya Henri Blainville, malo ake pagulu la mitundu adasinthidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadziwika kuti Carcharhinus lamia. Mu 1837 idasamutsidwanso, kulekanitsa mtundu wa Galeocerdo, mtundu wa Galeocerdo tigrinus.
Pa izi "maulendo" ake adatha, koma kusintha kwina kwina kunapangidwa - ufulu wopatsa dzinalo ndi wa amene adawaika poyamba ndipo, ngakhale dzinalo liyenera kusinthidwa, dzinalo lidabwezedwanso koyambirira. Umu ndi momwe Galeocerdo cuvier amakono adabwerera.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Sharki wamkulu
Gawo lakumtunda la imvi ndimtambo wabuluu. Amadziwika ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga a mtundu wakuda - ndi chifukwa cha iwo komwe nyalugwe adatchedwa. Gawo lakumunsi ndilopepuka ndipo limakhala loyera. Mwa anthu achichepere, utoto umakhala wolemera, mawanga amakhala osiyana kwambiri, ndipo akamakula, pang'onopang'ono "amatha".
Ili ndi mphuno yayikulu ndi squirt yaying'ono, komanso mano ochulukirapo, amasiyana kukula ndi kuwongoka. Amagulitsidwa m'mphepete mwake ndipo ndi othandiza kwambiri: kuwagwiritsa ntchito, nsombazi zimadula mnofu ngakhale mafupa. Nsagwada zamphamvu zimathandizanso kuchita izi, chifukwa chake nsombazi zimatha kuphwanya ngakhale chigoba cha kamba wamkulu.
Omwe amapuma amakhala kumbuyo kwa maso, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mpweyawo umapita molunjika ku ubongo wa nsombazi. Khungu lake limakhala lolimba kwambiri ndipo kangapo limadutsa chikopa cha ng'ombe - kuti mulume mwa ilo, muyenera kukhala ndi mano ocheperako pang'ono komanso akuthwa kuposa nyalugwe. Polimbana ndi otsutsana omwe alibe mano amphamvu mofananamo, amatha kumva ngati ali ndi zida zankhondo.
Kupanga kwa tiger shark kumawoneka kochuluka poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwake m'lifupi kumapangitsa kuti izioneka "yonenepa". Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amasambira pang'onopang'ono osati mokongola kwambiri. Koma malingaliro awa akusocheretsa - ngati kuli koyenera, imathandizira mwachangu, kuwulula kupepuka komanso kuyendetsa bwino.
Akambuku otchedwa tiger shark ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri osaka nyama, ndipo ndi achiwiri kutalika kwa mzungu. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi shaki zazikulu kwenikweni, kukula kwake sikokulirapo: pafupifupi, kuyambira 3 mpaka 4.5 mita, nthawi zambiri imatha kukula mpaka 5-5.5 mita. Kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu 400-700. Akazi amakula kuposa amuna.
Chosangalatsa: Mano a Shark nthawi zonse amakhala akuthwa komanso owopsa chifukwa amadzipanganso nthawi zonse. Kwa zaka zisanu, amasintha mano opitilira zikwi khumi - chithunzi chosangalatsa!
Kodi nyalugwe amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nsomba za nsomba za Tiger
Amakonda madzi ofunda, motero amakhala makamaka m'nyanja zam'madera otentha, komanso m'malo otentha kwambiri omwe ali mdera lotentha. Nthawi zambiri amasambira m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, ngakhale amatha kusambira munyanja. Amathanso kuwoloka nyanja ndikunyamuka kupita kutsidya lina, kapena mpaka mbali inayo.
Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha anyalugwe ambiri amapezeka:
- Nyanja ya Caribbean;
- Oceania;
- nyanja zikutsuka Australia;
- pafupi ndi Madagascar;
- nyanja zakumpoto za Indian Ocean.
Kutalika kwawo sikungokhala kokha kwa izi, zolusa zimapezeka munyanja iliyonse yotentha. Kupatula kwake ndi Mediterranean, komwe sikuchitika ngakhale kuli koyenera. Ngakhale amapezeka kunyanja yotseguka, koma nthawi zambiri akasamuka, amakhala pafupi ndi gombe, makamaka chifukwa pamakhala nyama zambiri kumeneko.
Pofunafuna nyama, amatha kusambira mpaka kumtunda, komanso amasambira m'mitsinje, koma samachoka pakamwa. Nthawi zambiri samadumphira pansi kwambiri, posafuna kukhala pamtunda wopitilira 20-50 mita kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi. Koma amatha kuchita izi, adawoneka ngakhale akuya mamita 1,000.
Chosangalatsa: Ali ndi ma ampoules a Lorenzini - zolandilira zomwe zimayankha pamagetsi amagetsi akamanjenjemera, ngakhale ofooka kwambiri. Zizindikirozi zimatumizidwa molunjika ku ubongo wa shark. Amagwidwa kokha kuchokera patali - mpaka theka la mita, koma ndi olondola kwambiri kuposa omwe amachokera ku ziwalo zakumva ndi kuwona, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti athe kuwerengera mayendedwe molondola.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyalugwe amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mdani woopsa uyu amadya.
Kodi nyalugwe amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tiger shark
Amakhala wopanda tsankho pachakudya ndipo amatha kudya aliyense komanso chilichonse.
Mndandanda wake umachokera pa:
- mikango yam'madzi ndi zisindikizo;
- akamba;
- nkhanu;
- sikwidi;
- mbalame;
- nyamazi;
- nsomba, kuphatikizapo nsomba zina, sizachilendo kwa iwo komanso kudya anzawo.
Njala ndiyankhanza, ndipo amakhala ndi njala masana ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mutadya pang'ono, chimodzimodzi, ngati mwayi utapezeka, simulephera kuluma china choyandama pafupi, ngati simunayeserepo kale.
"China chake" - chifukwa izi sizimangogwira nyama zokha, komanso zinyalala zilizonse. Zinthu zambiri zachilendo zidapezeka m'mimba mwa akambuku akambuku: matayala amgalimoto ndi zitini zamafuta, anthete, mabotolo, zophulika - ndi zina zambiri zofananira.
Titha kunena kuti ichi ndi chidwi: nyalugwe shark nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zomwe sizinachitikepo zomwe amakonda komanso ngati zimadyedwa konse. Ngati chakudya chabwinobwino sichili pafupi, m'malo mofufuza kwanthawi yayitali, anyalugwe amawaukira omwe alipo: mwachitsanzo, dolphin kapena ng'ona.
Amatha kuwononga ngakhale nyama zazikulu kuposa iwo, mwachitsanzo anamgumi, ngati avulala kapena akudwala, ndipo sangathe kukana. Kuopsa kumeneku sikungowopseza anamgumi ang'onoang'ono okha, komanso zazikulu - mwachitsanzo, mu 2006, nkhani yokhudza kuukira kwa namgumi wa gulu lonse inalembedwa pafupi ndi Hawaii.
Nsagwada zawo ndi zamphamvu komanso zotakata, zomwe zimawathandiza kuthana ndi nyama ngati imeneyi. Koma kwakukulukulu, mndandanda wawo uli ndi tizinthu tating'onoting'ono. Chakufa chimadyanso. Akambuku otchedwa tiger shark amatha kudya anthu - iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kusaka anthu mwadala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tiger shark munyanja
Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe amathera posaka nyama. Nthawi yomweyo, imayenda pang'onopang'ono kuti isachite mantha ndi wovulalayo, koma kenako imasintha ndikusintha mphenzi. Chifukwa chakuthwa kwammbali ndi mawonekedwe a mphuno, imasintha msangamsanga kayendedwe kake ndipo imatha kutembenuka mozungulira nthawi yomweyo.
Ngati nyama zina zam'madzi zambiri sizikuwona bwino, zomwe zimakwaniritsa kununkhira kwawo, ndiye kuti chilengedwe chimapatsa anyalugwe ndi aliyense: ali ndi fungo labwino komanso masomphenya, kuphatikiza apo pali mzere wotsatira ndi Lorenzini ampullae, chifukwa amatha kugwira kuyenda kwa minofu iliyonse nyama - izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosaka ngakhale m'madzi ovuta.
Fungo la nsombazi ndi labwino kwambiri kwakuti dontho lamagazi limakwanira kuti lisangalatse chidwi chake kwa mtunda wautali. Zonsezi zimapangitsa nyalugwe sharki kukhala imodzi mwa nyama zowononga kwambiri ndipo, ngati ali ndi chidwi ndi winawake, mwayi wopulumutsidwa umakhala wotsika kwambiri.
Koma nyalugwe shark imakondanso kupumula - monga akambuku, imatha kugona mwakachetechete kwa maola ambiri ndikusangalala ndi dzuwa, komwe imasambira mpaka kumchenga. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika masana, atakhuta. Nthawi zambiri amapita kukasaka m'mawa komanso madzulo, ngakhale amatha nthawi zina.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati nyamayo imakonda kwambiri nyalugwe kapena imaoneka ngati nyama yosavuta, ipitilizabe kusaka oimira mtundu womwewo. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa anthu: mu 2011, adayesa kugwira nsomba yodyera anthu pachilumba cha Maui kwa zaka ziwiri. Ngakhale magombe adatsekedwa, panthawiyi adadya anthu asanu ndi awiri ndikuvulaza ena khumi ndi awiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Sharki wamkulu
Nthawi zambiri amasunga m'modzi m'modzi, ndipo akakumana amatha kuyamba mikangano. Izi zimachitika ngati ali okwiya, kapena osiyana kwambiri ndi msinkhu ndi kukula - ndiye kuti wamkuluyo atha kusankha kungodya yaying'onoyo. Nthawi zina amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu 5-20.
Izi zitha kuchitika pakakhala chakudya chokwanira, koma magulu oterewa amakhala osakhazikika, mikangano imabuka nthawi zambiri. Gulu la anyalugwe khumi amatha kupha nyama yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo amakhala owopsa ngakhale kwa anamgumi, komanso anyani ena akuluakulu komanso osathamanga kwambiri. Ngakhale amapitilizabe kudyetsa nyama zing'onozing'ono.
Nthawi yoswana imachitika pakatha zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ngakhale miyambo yakuswana ya akambuku amtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhanza zake - samadzipereka pa izi. Mukuyenda kwake, wamwamuna amayenera kuluma wamkazi pomaliza ndikumugwira, ndipo izi sizoluma pang'ono: zilonda nthawi zambiri zimatsalira pa thupi la akazi. Komabe, nsombazi sizimva kuwawa - matupi awo amapanga zinthu zomwe zimatseka.
Feteleza ndi mkati. Ziweto zimaswa kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, pambuyo pake zimabadwa pafupifupi 12-16, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 40-80. Amabereka nyalugwe amakhala ovoviviparous: ana amaswa kuchokera m'mazira m'mimba, ndipo amabadwa kale ali otukuka.
Izi ndizothandiza, chifukwa mayiyo sangawasamalire, ndipo atangobadwa ayenera kudzipezera chakudya pawokha komanso kudziteteza. Chibadwa cha amayi mu nyalugwe sapezeka, ndipo sichidya ana ake okha chifukwa chakuti chisanabadwe chimasiya kudya, ndipo kwa kanthawi chimakhalabe m'dziko lino.
Adani achilengedwe a nyalugwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Tiger shark
Zowononga zambiri zazikulu zimawopseza achinyamata komanso omwe akukula, ngakhale ambiri akuchedwa. Pamene ziwopsezo zikukula, zimachepa, ndipo nsomba yayikulu sitha kuwopa aliyense. Adani oopsa kwambiri ndi awa :fishfish, marlin, spiny-tailed ndi rhombic ray, shaki zina, makamaka abale.
Koma choyamba pazomwe tafotokozazi kuti aukire nsombazi zokha, ndipo izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri, ndiye kuti anyalugwe amakhala ndi otsutsa ochepa oyenera. Koma izi ndi ngati mungodzipangira okhawo omwe angathe kuyeza mphamvu zawo nawo ndikulowa nawo nkhondo, ndipo pali ena omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri pamsombayi.
Mmodzi mwa adani oopsa kwambiri a nyalugwe ndi nsomba yotchedwa hedgehog. Sichikulu kwenikweni ndipo sichidziukira yokha, koma ngati nyalugwe amachimeza, ndiye kuti mkati mwa chilombocho nsomba iyi imakhala mpira wonyezimira ndipo imaboola matumbo a shaki, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsogolera kuimfa. China chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwa nsombazi ndi majeremusi.
Anthu amaperekanso ambiri mwa iwo - mwina ndi m'manja mwa anthu momwe ambiri mwa adaniwa amafa. Poterepa, zonse ndi zachilungamo: nsombazi sizidana ndikudya munthu - ziwopsezo zambiri zimachitika chaka chilichonse, chifukwa akambuku akambuku amakonda kusambira m'malo okhala anthu.
Chosangalatsa: Akambuku otchedwa tiger shark amakhala osasankha m'zakudya chifukwa madzi ake m'mimba ndi acidic kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigaya kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kwakanthawi kochepa atatha kudya, amangobwezeretsanso zotsalira zosagayidwa - chifukwa chake nsomba zambiri sizimadwala m'mimba. Ngati simunameze nsomba ya hedgehog.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tiger shark
Nkhumba za akambuku ndi mitundu yamalonda; zipsepse za chiwindi ndi chakumaso ndizofunika kwambiri. Khungu lawo limagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndipo nyama yawo imadyedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina amasakidwa ndipo osachita masewera, asodzi ena amalota kuti agwire nsomba zoopsa zotere.
Malire okwaniritsa sanakhazikitsidwe, popeza kuchuluka kwawo ndiokwera kwambiri, ndipo sangatchulidwe ngati mitundu yosawerengeka. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kusodza mwachangu, ziweto zawo zikuchepa, munyanja zina kukhala zofunikira.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mitundu yonseyo ikadali kutali ndi chiwopsezo chotha, mabungwe azachilengedwe akuyesetsa kuchepetsa kuwononga ziwombankhangazi: zikapitilira momwemo, kulowa kwawo mu Red Book kudzakhala kosapeweka. Akambuku a Tiger samasungidwa mu ukapolo: kuyesera kunachitika kangapo, koma onse analephera, chifukwa adamwalira mwachangu.
Chosangalatsa: Nsombazi ndi imodzi mwazomwe amakonda kwambiri kusodza pamasewera. Kugwira nsomba zotere ndizovuta kwambiri, kupatula apo, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi ntchito yowopsa (ngakhale ndikukonzekera bwino, chiopsezo chimachepetsedwa). Chifukwa chake, nyalugwe shark, limodzi ndi nsomba zina zolusa, ndi chikho chodziwika bwino, chophatikizidwa mu "Big Five" osanenedwa limodzi ndi swordfish, bwato, mitundu yayikulu ya tuna ndi marlin.
Wanjala yamuyaya Nsombazi - mmodzi mwa zolusa kwambiri m'nyanja. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizosangalatsa, zimaganiziridwa pakupanga zombo, ndege ndi zida zina - chisinthiko chapatsa mowolowa manja nsomba izi zomwe zimawalola kuti adziwe nyanja, komabe sizinsinsi zawo zonse zomwe zaululidwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 22.09.2019 pa 23:08
