A Jackdaws akhala akukhala pafupi ndi anthu kwazaka zopitilira zana. Mbalame zokoma, zokonda chidwi, komanso zokongola nthawi zambiri zimawoneka limodzi ndi nkhunda zakumidzi komanso zam'mizinda. Amadyetsa mwamtendere ndi mbalame zina zambiri, ndi anzeru kwambiri komanso amaweta. Jackdaw akuyenera chidwi kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthuyo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Jackdaw
Jackdaw ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa ma rook, khwangwala. Komabe, ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kwa iwo - kukula pang'ono. Ndi ma jackdaw omwe ndi oimira ocheperako a banja lalikulu la ma corvids. M'mbuyomu, mbalame zotere zimadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zamtunduwu, koma lero zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mbalame zamtundu wa Coloeus.
Kanema: Jackdaw
Jackdaw, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, amatchedwa ndi nthenga zake zakuda zowala. Kupatula apo, mawu oti "jackdaw" amachokera ku mawu oti "wakuda". Poyamba, mawuwa ankatchedwa mbalame zosiyanasiyana, zomwe nthenga zake zinali ndi utoto wakuda. Komabe, si onse amene amavomereza kumasulira uku. Anthu ena amati mbalameyi inatchedwa ndi dzina limeneli chifukwa cha kumene inachokera.
Chosangalatsa: Jackdaws, ngakhale ndi mbalame zazing'ono, koma zanzeru kwambiri. Asayansi apeza kuti amatha kutsatira ndikumvetsetsa mawonekedwe amunthu. Makamaka, amamasulira mosavuta kuyang'ana komwe akuloza. Ndi mbali imodzi yokha yomwe mbalame zimatha kupeza chakudya chomwe munthu wawakonzera. Asayansi amafotokoza luso limeneli ndi mikhalidwe yachibadwa ya nyamayo.
Jackdaw ndizovuta kuti usazindikire. Ndi wocheperako, amakhala ndi nthenga zakuda zakuda. Mapiko ndi mchira zimakhala zowala kwambiri. Muthanso kuzindikira mbalameyo mwa kulira kwake: "kai". Nyama izi sizimakhala nthawi yambiri zili zokha. Nthawi zambiri, zimapezeka limodzi ndi nkhunda zam'mizinda kapena zimayenderana ndi gulu lalikulu la oimira mbalame zina: mbalame, akhwangwala, mapiko.
Jackdaws yakopa chidwi cha anthu kuyambira nthawi zoyambirira. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha zizolowezi zawo zachilendo komanso zikhalidwe zawo. Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, amakopeka ndi zinthu zingapo zonyezimira, kuyesera kulumikizana ndi anthu m'njira zawo. Komabe, m'mbuyomu, anthu sanamve chikondi choyenera kuchokera pamenepo. Jackdaws anali osamala kwambiri. Nyama izi zimadziwika kuti ndizolumikizana ndi dziko lapansi, zimawerengedwa kuti ndizobweretsa china choyipa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame jackdaw
Ma Jackdaw ali ndi mawonekedwe akunja:
- khalani ndi miyeso yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa nyama sikupitilira masentimita makumi atatu mphambu asanu ndi anayi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu mazana awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi;
- Mlomo wa nthenga ndi waufupi kwambiri, wolimba. Mwa anthu ambiri, imakutidwa ndi ma bristles owuma. Zapangidwa kuti zikhale "zovuta";
- Sinthani mawonekedwe amthupi, mapiko olimba, mchira uli ndi nthenga zabwino (uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira pang'ono). Mapiko amatha kufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu anayi. Zonsezi zimapangitsa jackdaws kukhala oyendetsa ndege owopsa. Mbalamezi zimadziwika ndi kuwuluka mwachangu, mwachangu komanso mopulumutsa mphamvu. Pamaulendo ataliatali, zimauluka chifukwa chamapiko osavuta koma olimba. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala olimba mtima;
- mtundu waukulu wa jackdaws ndi wakuda. Komabe, nthenga zakuda zakuda zimawonekera m'malo ena. Mchira ndi nthenga zoyambirira pamapiko zimawala mozama padzuwa;
oimira ma corvids awa ali ndi maso okongola kwambiri, omwe amakonda kusintha mitundu yawo m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Mu anapiye, maso ndi amtambo, mwa akulu, ndi otuwa pang'ono, kenako amatha kuyera kwathunthu.
Chosangalatsa: Ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa jackdaw yamphongo ndi jackdaw wamkazi. Kusiyana kwakugonana kumakhala kovuta kumvetsetsa, ngakhale ndi akatswiri. Komabe, ndi zaka, kusiyana kwakugonana kumawonekera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, wamwamuna wokalamba amataya ukatswiri wa maula. Kumbuyo kwa mutu, nthenga za m'khosi zimakhala zosalala. Akazi amasungabe kuwala kwawo mpaka imfa.
Chikhalidwe cha ma jackdaws, monga ma corvids ena ambiri, ndichokumbukira chabwino, luso laluntha. Amakula msanga, amaganiza bwino. Maluso oterowo adadziwika ndi anthu kalekale, chifukwa chake, mbalame zochulukirapo zimasungidwa kunyumba.
Chifukwa chake tidazindikira jackdaw amawoneka bwanji... Tsopano tiwone komwe jackdaw amakhala.
Kodi jackdaw amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Black Jackdaw
Jackdaws ndizinyama zofala. Ndi mbalame zosamuka, choncho nthawi zambiri amasintha malo awo okhala kutengera nyengo. Malo achilengedwe akuphatikizapo North Africa, Western Asia, Europe. Ma jackdaw wamba samakhala ku East Asia. M'malo mwake, kum'mawa kumakhala a Daurian jackdaws, omwe ndi abale awo apamtima kwambiri. Daurian jackdaws ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ma jackdaw wamba. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, pafupifupi mawu ofanana.
Ma jackdaw wamba amakhala ku Europe koposa zonse. M'madera angapo okha mbalame zotere sizipezeka. Sapezeka ku Finland, Scandinavia, pazilumba zina za m'nyanja ya Mediterranean. Jackdaw imayimilidwa kwambiri ku Ukraine, Russia. Mbalameyi imakhala ku China, Syria, Iraq, Iran, koma osati kulikonse.
Ma jackdaw osamuka akukhala kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kokha kwa chilengedwe. Pofika nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumadera akumwera chaka chilichonse. Mbalame zokalamba zokha sizimathawa kuthawa nyengo yachisanu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pazisa. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa chakudya choyenera. Ngati kulibe chakudya kapena kulibe, ndiye kuti okalamba amangoyandikira pafupi ndi anthu. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku France, England, Denmark, Belgium, ndi Netherlands zimakhalanso moyo wongokhala.
Kodi jackdaw amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Jackdaw
Jackdaw Ndi mbalame yolimba, yamphongo yomwe imatha kusintha moyo wawo wonse. Izi zimakhudzanso chakudya.
Zakudya za nyama yotere zimaphatikizapo:
- pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'onoting'ono, mavuvi, mphutsi, mazira a mbalame zina, anapiye achichepere. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuti mikoko idye nyama, ngakhale ena a m'banja lawo amawoneka akudya nyama;
- Mbewu za mbewu zambiri zaulimi, mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba, zipatso, zipatso zamasamba, nandolo;
- zinyalala chakudya. A Jackdaw akhala kale pafupi ndi anthu, chifukwa chake adazolowera kudzipezera chakudya m'matini ndi m'malo otayira zinyalala.
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha nyama ndi chomera kumasiyana pamoyo wa mbalame. Chifukwa chake, anapiye amadya makamaka nyama. Mapuloteni amalola achinyamata kuti akhale ndi mphamvu mwachangu. Zakudya zamasamba siziposa magawo makumi awiri peresenti yazakudya zonse zazing'ono. Akamakula, chakudya cha nyama chimachepa kwambiri. Akuluakulu amakonda mbewu, mbewu, mbewu.
Ma Jackdaw nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kunyumba. Mukakhala ndi ziweto, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ziweto moyenera kuti zisadwale ndikukhala motalika. Zakudya za ma jackdaw apakhomo ziyenera kuphatikiza: tating'ono ting'onoting'ono ta mikate yoyera, mavuvi, nkhuku ndi ng'ombe yaying'ono, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, karoti wokazinga, kanyumba tchizi, apulo, peyala, chivwende.
Zakudya zonse ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi. Ndizosatheka kudyetsa mbalame ndi zipatso zowawa, zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba. Izi zitha kubweretsa imfa ya nyama. Komanso, chisakanizo cha tirigu chiyenera kuphatikizidwa pazakudya za jackdaws wamkulu woweta. Oats, tirigu, chimanga awonjezeredwa kwa izo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Jackdaw mumzinda
Moyo wa jackdaws umayesedwa. Mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito tsiku lonse: kufunafuna chakudya, kusamalira ana awo, kumanga zisa. Mu nthawi yawo yaulere, amakonda kuyenda m'makampani opanga mbalame aphokoso. Amakonda kucheza ndi nkhunda, akhwangwala, ma rook, ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Jackdaws amauluka kwambiri masana. Ndege zawo ndizokhazikika komanso zosasunthika. Amatha kuuluka makilomita angapo pofunafuna chakudya chokoma.
Jackdaws ndi mbalame zokonda kucheza, komanso kucheza. Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi anthu kuti azilankhula nawo tsiku lililonse. Pachifukwa ichi, achikulire ambiri amamanga zisa zawo m'nyumba za anthu zomwe zasiyidwa kapena zowonongeka. Kukhazikitsidwa kumeneku kumakupatsaninso vuto kuti muthane ndi vuto la chakudya. Nyama zimatha kudya tirigu wodyetsa kapena, zikavuta, zimapeza chakudya mumulu wa zinyalala.
Zosangalatsa: Jackdaw ndi nyama yomwe imatha kukumbukira bwino. Amakumbukira mosavuta nkhope za anthu. Chifukwa chake, akulu amatha kuzindikira munthu amene adavulaza chisa chawo. Atazindikira wolakwayo, nyamazo zimayamba kulira mokweza. Kulira uku kumakhala ngati chenjezo kwa paketi yonseyo.
Ena jackdaws amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango. Amasankha maenje ndi mitengo yakale kuti apange mazira. Jackdaws ndi mbalame zam'banja. Amakhala awiriawiri pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse. Maanja ajowina ziweto. Pokhapokha pakakhala mazira pomwe mbalame zimakhala nthawi yotalikirana ndi gulu lalikulu. A Jackdaws amayesa kuwononga nthawi yawo tsiku lonse, makamaka ngati pali malo ambiri omasuka.
Khalidwe la jackdaws nthawi zambiri limakhala lamtendere. Amacheza mosavuta ndi nyama zina, anthu. Munthu, ngati angafune, amatha kuweta mbalameyo m'manja mwake. Komabe, nthawi zina ma jackdaw amakhala achiwawa. Nthawi zambiri, nyamazi zimawonetsa nkhanza mkati mwa malo okhala zisa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mikangano pakati pa mbalame, ndewu zowopsa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame jackdaw
Jackdaws ndi mbalame zam'banja. Amapeza wokwatirana naye ndipo amakhala limodzi moyo wawo wonse. Nyama izi sizimasiyana. Chokhacho ndikumwalira kwa m'modzi mwa anzawo. Nthawi yovundikira awa oimira ma corvids imayamba mu Marichi. Pakadali pano, awiriawiri onse amasiya ziweto zawo ndikukakhazikika zisa. Pakati pa kukaikira mazira, machitidwe a nyama amakhudza kwambiri. Amuna nthawi zonse amasamalira osankhidwa ake: amamuteteza, amamudyetsa.
Pakati pa kasupe, nyama zimayamba kumanga zisa. Amasonkhanitsa zinthu zoyenera m'nkhalango, m'mbali mwa mitsinje. Nthambi zosiyanasiyana, zotupa za dothi kapena ndowe za akavalo, ubweya wa agalu, udzu, zidutswa zamapepala ndizoyenera chisa cha jackdaw. Mu Meyi, banjali ali kale ndi mazira. Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda mazira asanu ndi limodzi. Mazira a mbalamezi ndi ochepa, amakhala ndi utoto wabuluu.
Mkazi nthawi zambiri amachita nawo makulidwe a ana amtsogolo. Pakadali pano, chachimuna chimapeza chakudya cha banja lonse, chimayang'anira mosamalitsa chachikazi. Nthawi yokwanira nthawi zambiri satenga masiku opitirira khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, anapiye amayamba kuwonekera. Amaswa opanda thandizo kotheratu. Alibe nthenga, alibe masomphenya. Komabe, anapiye amakula msanga kwambiri. Makolo amawasamalira pasanathe mwezi. Izi ndizokwanira kuti mbalame zikule. Pambuyo pake, chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimayamba kuyamwitsa ana pachizolowezi chofunsira chakudya. Tsopano anapiye angayambe kupeza chakudya chawo paokha.
Pofika nthawi yomwe achoka kwawo kwa makolo, ma gumchat achichepere amakhala atakonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Vuto lokha ndikusowa kwa luso louluka. Poyamba, mbalamezi zimangoyenda, kudumpha. Munthawi imeneyi, nyama zimakhala zosavuta kuzilanda, ana, komanso ziweto. Mwa anapiye onse, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amakhala ndi moyo.
Adani achilengedwe a jackdaws
Chithunzi: Big jackdaw
Jackdaw sikovuta kwenikweni. Mbalame yamphamvuyi, yofulumira imatha kubisalira mdani mlengalenga, kubisala pakhonde kapena phanga, zomwe zimatheka chifukwa chakuchepa kwake. Komabe, mimbulu, nthawi zambiri kuposa mbalame zina, imakumana ndi adani achilengedwe.
Pakati pawo ndikofunikira kuwunikira izi:
- zolusa mbalame. Zowononga nthenga nthawi zambiri zimaukira mbalame zazing'ono zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo ma jackdaws nawonso amachita. Kadzidzi, nkhwangwa, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala zoopsa mwa izo zokha;
- akhwangwala. Nawonso nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi abale awo. Koma nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwononga zisa zawo ndikupha anapiye;
- mapuloteni. Nyama zazing'onozi zimawononganso zisa za jackdaws zikangosiyidwa osasamaliridwa;
- Ziweto. Amphaka ndi agalu amadya nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizinaphunzire kuuluka. Izi zimachitika ndi anapiye omwe zisa zawo zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu;
- nyama zolusa. Ntchentche zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri zimakhala mimbulu, mimbulu, ndi nyama zina zolusa;
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, utitiri, tizilombo tina, kachilomboka.
Gulu ili lanyama silitsogolera kufa kwa mbalame ndi anapiye awo, kupatula zochepa. Komabe, amawononga thanzi lawo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa ma jackdaws.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Jackdaw
Ma Jackdaw nthawi yonse yakukhalapo kwawo ali ndi anthu osakhazikika m'malo awo achilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zambiri. Choyamba, mbalamezi zimasamukira kwina. Kukula kwa anthu awo m'madera ena kumasintha nthawi zonse chaka chimodzi. Chachiwiri, m'mbuyomu mbalamezi zidazunzidwa mwankhanza ndi anthu ndikuwonongedwa. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi, chifukwa cha chiwonongeko, mitunduyo sinali yambiri.
Kupha anthu ambirimbiri m'zaka za m'ma 1600 kunkagwirizana ndi kuti mbalamezi, pamodzi ndi achibale awo apamtima, zinadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo. Iwo anawonongadi malo olima, choncho alimi ndi alimi analoledwa kuwawononga. Izi zidakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa ziwombankhanga, koma sizidawatheretu.
Zosangalatsa: Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa jackdaws ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha. Pakhomo pokha ndi pomwe mbalame imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali - pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Popita nthawi, malingaliro ama jackdaws asintha modabwitsa. Anthu adapeza njira zina zothanirana nawo, motero kuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa mbalame kudasiya. A Jackdaws, chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wathanzi m'malo ovuta komanso kubereka, adakwanitsa kubweza zomwe zatayika, ndikubwezeretsanso anthu m'chilengedwe chonse. Masiku ano, anthu pafupifupi 90 miliyoni. Mbalame zambiri zimakhazikika ku Europe. Ma Jackdaw ali ndi anthu okhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chochepa pakati pa asayansi.
Jackdaw - imodzi mwazinthu zanzeru kwambiri, mbalame zanzeru zomwe zimatha kukumbukira bwino. Nyama izi zimatha kuzindikira munthu, kuzindikira kuyang'anitsitsa kwake ndikumvetsetsa malamulo ena. Jackdaws samacheza ndi anthu okha, komanso mbalame zina. Amagwirizana mosavuta ndi akhwangwala, nkhunda, ma rook.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 22:03
