Njoka yamphongo

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Zowonadi, ambiri amvapo za chokwawa ngati njoka yamphongo, yotchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha kulira koopsa kumene kuli nduwira ya kumchira kwake. Osati aliyense amadziwa kuti kawopsedwe banja njoka chabe pa sikelo, pali anthu ambiri akufa ndi kulumidwa ndi rattlesnakes. Koma kodi khalidweli ndi lotani, moyo wake komanso zizolowezi za munthu wakupha uyu? Mwinamwake, mutaphunzira za izi mwatsatanetsatane, chokwawa ichi sichidzawonekeranso chowopsa komanso chobisalira?

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Rattlesnake

Rattlesnake ndi zolengedwa zapoizoni za banja lamanjoka. Amadziwika kuti ndi banja laling'ono la njoka zam'mutu chifukwa chakuti mdera lomwe lili pakati pa mphuno ndi maso, zokwawa zili ndi maenje omwe samatha kutentha komanso kutentha kwa ma radiation. Zipangizozi zimathandizira kuti nyama izikhala pomwepo ndi kutentha kwa thupi, komwe kumasiyana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wozungulira. Ngakhale kuli mdima wosaloledwa, njokayo imangomva kusintha kochepa chabe kwa kutentha ndikuzindikira yemwe angayigwire.

Kanema: Rattlesnake

Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za njoka zam'madzi kapena njoka zam'madzi, kapena njoka zam'mimbamo ndi maenje olandirira omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Kenako funso likubwera: "Chifukwa chiyani njokayo amatchedwa njoka?" Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu ina ya zokwawa iyi imakhala ndi phokoso kumapeto kwa mchira, wopangidwa ndi masikelo osunthika, omwe, akagwedezeka ndi mchira, amatulutsa mawu ofanana ndi phokoso.

Chosangalatsa: Sikuti njoka zonse zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mchira, koma omwe alibe amakhalabe ndi njoka zamphiri.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zokwawa zomwe zingaganiziridwe ngati ma rattlesnake popanda kukayika kulikonse: rattlesnake zowona (Crotalus) ndi ma rattlesnake amtali (Sistrurus).

Achibale awo apamtima ndi awa:

  • malowa;
  • njoka zotsogola;
  • kufi kachisi;
  • oyang'anira tchire.

Mwambiri, banja laling'ono la mipesa ya dzenje limaphatikizapo mibadwo 21 ndi mitundu 224 ya njoka. Mtundu wa rattlesnake woona uli ndi mitundu 36.

Tiyeni tifotokoze zina mwa izi:

  • rattlenake yaku Texas ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwake kumafika mamita awiri ndi theka, ndipo kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi kilogalamu zisanu ndi ziwiri. Amakhala ku USA, Mexico ndi kumwera kwa Canada;
  • kumadzulo kwa gawo la Mexico kunalembedwa njoka yamphamvu kwambiri, yamphongo yayikulu kwambiri, yotalika mamita awiri.
  • rhombic rattlesnake ndi yojambulidwa bwino kwambiri ndi ma rhombus osiyana, ndipo ili ndi miyeso yochititsa chidwi - mpaka 2,4 m. Njokayi imakhala ku Florida (USA) ndipo ndi yachonde, imabala ana 28;
  • Nyanga yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi zikopa zapamaso pamwambapa, zomwe ndizofanana ndi nyanga, zimalepheretsa mchenga kulowa m'maso mwa njokayo. Chokwawa ichi sichimasiyana pamitundu yayikulu, kutalika kwake kwa thupi ndi masentimita 50 mpaka 80;
  • njoka zamizeremizere zimakhala kum'mwera kwa United States, ndizowopsa, poyizoni wake umawopseza wolumidwa ndiimfa;
  • miyala yanjoka yamtambo yotalika osafika ngakhale mita (pafupifupi masentimita 80), amakhala kum'mwera kwa United States komanso kudera la Mexico. Poizoni wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe ake siwokwiya, chifukwa chake kulumidwa kulibe ambiri.

Mitundu ingapo yokha yamtundu wa rattlesnake wamfupi:

  • njoka yam'mimba yokhala ndi mapira imakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa North America, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 60;
  • unyolo rattlesnake (massasauga) wasankha Mexico, United States ndi kumwera kwa Canada. Kutalika kwa thupi la njoka sikuposa 80 cm.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: rattlesnake

Njoka zam'mutu wa banja lanyumba zimakhala zazikulu mosiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu winawake, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumatha kukhala pakati pa theka la mita kupitilira mita zitatu.

Mitunduyi imasiyananso mosiyanasiyana, malankhulidwe amatha kukhala:

  • beige;
  • chobiriwira chobiriwira;
  • emarodi;
  • zoyera;
  • silvery;
  • wakuda;
  • ofiira ofiira;
  • wachikasu;
  • bulauni wakuda.

Monotony mu utoto ulipo, koma ndi wocheperako; zitsanzo zokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana ndizofala: zooneka ngati daimondi, mikwingwirima, mawanga. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mitundu yoyambirira yazovuta zosiyanasiyana.

Inde, pali zodziwika bwino mu njoka zamtunduwu zomwe sizili za mtundu umodzi kapena malo omwe amakhala zokwawa izi. Uwu ndi mutu woboola pakati, zibambo zazitali zakupha, maenje oyang'anitsitsa komanso phokoso kapena mchira womwe mchira wake umakhala nawo (musaiwale kuti mumitundu ina mulibe). Phokoso limaperekedwa ngati mawonekedwe amiyeso yakufa ya khungu, ndipo mult iliyonse imawonjezedwa, koma zaka za njokayo sizingazindikiridwe kwa iwo, chifukwa masikelo owopsa kwambiri amanjenje pang'onopang'ono amachoka mchira.

Chokwawa imagwiritsa ntchito phokoso kuti ichenjeze, imawopseza nyama zazikulu ndi anthu nayo, potero ikunena kuti ndibwino kuzilambalala, monga njoka zam'madzi zimawonetsa mtundu waumunthu.

Kodi rattlesnake amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Mpheta ya poizoni

Poyang'ana kafukufuku wa herpetologists, sekondi imodzi yamtundu uliwonse yamtunduwu yasankha kontinenti yaku America (pafupifupi mitundu 106). Mitundu 69 yakhazikika kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Ndi shitomordniki okha amene amakhala m'mizere yonse ya Dziko Lapansi. M'dziko lathu, pali mitundu iwiri ya shitomordnikov - wamba komanso kum'mawa, adalembetsedwa ku Far East, amakhalanso m'dera la Azerbaijan ndi Central Asia. Kum'mawa kumapezeka ku China, Korea ndi Japan, komwe anthu akumeneko amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya.

Mlomo wamba wa njoka udasankhidwanso ndi Afghanistan, Korea, Mongolia, Iran, China, njoka yamphongo ya hump imapezeka ku Sri Lanka komanso ku India. Wosalala amakhala ku Indochina, Java ndi Sumatra. Sikovuta kuganiza kuti cormorant wa Himalaya amakhala kumapiri, akukwera kutalika kwa kilomita zisanu.

Mitundu yonse ya keffis imayikidwa m'maiko a Kum'mawa kwa Dziko lapansi, yayikulu kwambiri ndi gawo limodzi ndi theka lokhala ku Japan. Mapiri a mapiri amakhala pa Indochina Peninsula komanso m'mapiri a Himalaya, ndi nsungwi - ku Pakistan, India ndi Nepal.

Chifukwa chake, nkhalango zamvula, mapiri ataliatali, ndi zipululu zowuma sizachilendo mdzenje. Palinso mitundu ya m'madzi ya njoka izi. Rattlesnake amakhala mu korona wamitengo, pansi, komanso pamwamba pamapiri. Masana, kutentha kukapitirira, samasiya malo awo okhala pansi pa miyala, m'ming'alu yamiyala, m'mabowo a mbewa zosiyanasiyana. Pofunafuna malo abwino kwambiri komanso obisika kuti apumule, zokwawa zimagwiritsa ntchito maenje omwe sangawatsitse.

Kodi njoka yamchere imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Rattlesnake wochokera ku Red Book

Zosankha za mtsuko ndizosiyana, zimakhala ndi:

  • mbewa;
  • hares;
  • makoswe;
  • nthenga;
  • abuluzi;
  • achule;
  • mitundu yonse ya tizilombo;
  • njoka zina zazing'ono.

Zinyama zazing'ono zimadyetsa tizilombo ndipo ndi nsonga yawo yowala imakoka abuluzi ndi achule kwa iwo eni. Rattlesnake satenga chipiriro, amatha kudikirira wovulalayo kwa nthawi yayitali, kubisalira. Ikangofika mtunda woyenera, womwe ndi woyenera kuponyera, khosi la njokayo limapindika ndikuukira mnzake wosaukayo liwiro la mphezi. Kutalika kwake kumafika gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi la reptile.

Monga achibale onse amanjoka, njoka zam'mimbazo sizigwiritsa ntchito njira yokometsera wovulalayo, koma zimamupha ndi kuluma kwake koopsa. Monga tanenera kale, mumdima wosadukiza, maenje awo oteteza kutentha amawathandiza kuti azindikire nyama, yomwe imangomva kutentha pang'ono, chifukwa cha njoka zomwe zimatha kuwona mawonekedwe a infrared a wozunzidwayo. Mbalame yakupha ikamaliza bwino, njokayo imayamba kudya, nthawi zonse kumeza thupi lopanda moyo kuchokera kumutu.

Kamodzi, njoka yamphongo imatha kudya chakudya chochuluka, chomwe ndi theka la misa ya mlenjeyo. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa njoka zam'madzi zimadya kamodzi pamlungu, chifukwa chake amapita kukasaka, ali ndi njala yokongola. Zimatenga nthawi yochuluka kugaya, ndichifukwa chake nthawi yopumira pakati pa chakudya ndi yayitali kwambiri. Zokwawa zimafunanso madzi, zimapeza chinyezi kuchokera kuchakudya chomwe zimapeza, koma zilibe zokwanira. Njoka zimamwa mwapadera: zimiza nsagwada m'madzi, motero zimadzaza thupi ndi madzi ofunikira kudzera ma capillaries am'kamwa.

Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri njoka zam'madzi muukapolo zimachita nawo njala, sasamala nkhuku zomwe zimadutsa. Pali nthawi zina pamene zokwawa sizinadye zoposa chaka chimodzi.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Phiri la rattlesnake

Mitundu ya rattlesnake ndiyabwino kwambiri kotero kuti malo awo okhazikika ndi madera osiyana kotheratu. Mitundu ina imakhala padziko lapansi, ina - yam'madzi, enanso - m'madzi, ambiri amakhala m'mapiri. Komabe, amatha kutchedwa thermophilic, kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo kumachokera madigiri 26 mpaka 32 okhala ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera. Amathanso kupulumuka kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka madigiri 15.

Pofika nyengo yozizira, njoka zimalowa mu hibernation, moyo wawo wonse umachepetsa kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya njoka zam'madzi zimapanga timagulu tambiri (mpaka 1000) kuti tithandizire kupulumuka. Onse atatuluka munthawi yomweyo, amatha kuwona kuwukira kwa njoka, awa ndi mawonekedwe owopsa. Mitundu ina imabisala yokha.

Amakonda njoka, makamaka omwe ali m'malo, kuti azisangalala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa loyamba. Mu kutentha kosapiririka, amakonda kubisala m'malo obisika amithunzi: pansi pamiyala, m'mabowo, pansi pa nkhuni zakufa. Amayamba kugwira ntchito nyengo yotentha nthawi yamadzulo, kutuluka mnyumba yawo.

Chosangalatsa: Mitundu yambiri ya njoka zam'madzi zimakhala mchibowo momwemo kwa mibadwomibadwo, kuzipatsira cholowa kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawi zambiri njoka zonse zimakhala m'malo obadwa nawo.

Zokwawa izi sizikhala ndi mtima wankhanza; sizigunda munthu kapena nyama yayikulu popanda chifukwa. Ndi phokoso lawo amapereka chenjezo kuti ali ndi zida zoopsa komanso zowopsa, koma kuukira sikutsatira ngati sanakwiyitsidwe. Pomwe palibiretu kopita, mphalapala imapanga chiwopsezo chake chakupha, chomwe chitha kupangitsa mdaniyo kuimfa. Ku United States kokha, anthu 10 mpaka 15 amafa ndi kulumidwa ndi njoka chaka chilichonse. M'madera momwe njoka zimakonda kufala, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi mankhwalawa, apo ayi padzakhala ochulukirapo ambiri. Chifukwa chake, njoka yamtunduwu imangowukira m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kuti adziteteze, kukhala wamantha komanso wamtendere.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti masomphenya a njoka yam'madzi siimphamvu yake; amawona zinthu mosalongosoka ngati sizikuyenda ndikungoyang'ana zinthu zosuntha. Ziwalo zake zazikulu komanso zotsekemera kwambiri ndi maenje omwe amakhudzidwa ngakhale atasintha pang'ono pamadzi pafupi ndi chokwawa.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Rattlesnake

Nthawi zambiri, njoka zam'madzi ndizosavomerezeka, koma pali mitundu ina yomwe imakhala yopumira. Njoka yamphongo yokhwima pogonana imakhala yokonzekera masewera apachaka osakwatira, ndipo yaikazi imatenga nawo gawo kamodzi pazaka zitatu. Nyengo yachikwati imatha kukhala masika kapena kugwa koyambirira, kutengera mtundu wamtundu ndi njoka.

Mkazi akakhala wokonzeka kukhala pachibwenzi ndi abambo, amatulutsa ma pheromone onunkhira omwe amakopa omwe angakhale abwenzi awo. Yaimuna imayamba kutsatira zomwe amakonda, nthawi zina zimakwawa ndikupaka matupi awo kwa masiku angapo. Zimakhala kuti njonda zoposa imodzi imati mtima wa mkazi, chifukwa chake ma duel amachitika pakati pawo, pomwe wosankhidwa ndiye wopambana.

Chosangalatsa: Mkazi amatha kusunga umuna wamwamuna mpaka nyengo yotsatira yaukwati, ndiye kuti, akhoza kukhala ndi ana popanda kutenga nawo gawo amuna.

Njoka za Ovoviviparous siziyikira mazira; zimakula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri amabadwa ana 6 kapena 14. Oviparous rattlesnakes mu mwana amatha kukhala ndi mazira awiri mpaka 86 (nthawi zambiri mazira 9 mpaka 12), omwe amawateteza mosatekeseka kulikonse.

Pafupifupi masiku khumi, ana amakhala ndi molt wawo woyamba, chifukwa chake phokoso limayamba kupanga. Mchira wa nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri umakhala wowala kwambiri, wowonekera bwino motsutsana ndi thupi lonse. Njoka, kusuntha malangizo owalawa, kunyengerera abuluzi ndi achule kwa iwo kuti atenge chakudya. Pafupifupi, moyo wamapiko amtundu wazachilengedwe umakhala zaka 10 mpaka 12, pali zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala mpaka makumi awiri. Mu ukapolo, rattlesnake amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka makumi atatu.

Adani achilengedwe a mamba

Chithunzi: Njoka ya Rattlesnake

Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi dzenje ali ndi poyizoni, ali ndi phokoso loopsa pamchira wawo, anthu ambiri amisili iwonso amawasaka kuti adye zokwawa.

Rattlesnake atha kuzunzidwa:

  • mimbulu;
  • nkhandwe;
  • ziphuphu;
  • ziphamba zofiira;
  • njoka zazikulu;
  • Ma calucoros othamanga aku California;
  • ziphuphu;
  • martens;
  • mbalambanda
  • khwangwala;
  • nkhanga.

Nthawi zambiri, nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizidziwa zambiri zimavutika ndikufa chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa adani pamwambapa. Mafinya a njoka mwina sagwira ntchito konse kwa otsutsana ndi njoka zamtunduwu, kapena ali ndi mphamvu yofooka kwambiri, kotero nyama ndi mbalame zomwe zikuukira siziwopa kwambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Pa wailesi yakanema, mlandu udawonetsedwa pomwe msodzi adagwira nsomba yayikulu, m'mimba mwake mudali njoka yoposa theka la mita.

Zimakhala zachisoni nthawi zonse kuzindikira kuti anthu amakhudza ziweto zambiri. Ma Rattlesnake nawonso amaphatikizidwa pamndandandawu ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphedwa chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi anthu. Anthu amawononga zokwawa, zonse mwachindunji, zimawasaka kuti apeze khungu lokongola la njoka, ndipo mwanjira zina, kudzera muntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wabwinobwino wa mamba.

Kuphatikiza pa adani onse omwe atchulidwa, anthu a njoka amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo, yomwe, nthawi zina, imakhala yosasangalatsa komanso yovuta. Makamaka achichepere nthawi zambiri samapulumuka nthawi yozizira.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Mpheta yoopsa

Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa njoka zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha umunthu. Anthu amalowa mdera lomwe zokwawa izi zakhala ndikukhala ndikuzithamangitsa, ndikupeza mwayi wokulirapo. Kudula mitengo, kutsetsereka kwa madambo, kulima minda yayikulu pazinthu zaulimi, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'mizinda, kumanga misewu yayikulu, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, komanso kuchepa kwa chakudya kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa njoka. M'madera ena, momwe kale anali ofala, tsopano sakhala ndi moyo. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti momwe zilili kwa zokwawa sizabwino.

Munthu amavulaza njoka zam'mimbazi osati chifukwa cha nkhanza zake, komanso mwachindunji, akasaka njoka mwadala. Kusaka uku ndikufunafuna khungu lokongola la njoka, pomwe amapangira nsapato zamtengo wapatali, matumba ndi zikwama. M'mayiko ambiri (makamaka aku Asia), nyama yanjoka imadyedwa, kuphika mbale zosiyanasiyana.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, nkhumba zoweta wamba sizilumidwa ndi kuluma kwa njoka zam'madzi, mwachidziwikire chifukwa choti ndizakuda kwambiri.Amakondwera ndi njoka ngati atakwanitsa kuzigwira. Pachifukwa ichi, alimi nthawi zambiri amatulutsa nkhumba zonse kupita kumunda, chifukwa chake zokwawa zimafa. Kuchepa kwa anthu amtundu wa rattlesnake kumawonedwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake zina mwa mitundu yawo ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti zili pangozi, zomwe sizingadandaule.

Mlonda wa njoka yam'madzi

Chithunzi: Rattlesnake wochokera ku Red Book

Monga tanenera, mitundu ina ya njoka zam'madzi zatsala pang'ono kutha. Imodzi mwa njoka zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi njoka zam'madzi zokhala pachilumba cha Aruba. Zinaphatikizidwa mu IUCN Red List ngati mitundu yovuta. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti palibe zoposa 250 zomwe zatsala, chiwerengerochi chikucheperachepera. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikusowa kwa gawo, lomwe limakhala ndi anthu ambiri. Zochita posunga zamoyozi ndi izi: aboma adaletsa kutumiza kwa zokwawa kuchokera pachilumbachi, Arikok National Park idapangidwa, dera lomwe lili pafupifupi ma 35 kilomita. Ndipo pakadali pano, kafukufuku wasayansi akuchitika kuti cholinga chake asunge mtundu wamtunduwu, pankhani iyi, akuluakulu akuchita ntchito yofotokozera pakati pa alendo ndi anthu wamba.

Njoka yamchere ya pachilumba cha Santa Catalina ku Mexico imatinso ili pangozi. Ndiwofala, kupatula kwa zokwawa kumaonekera poti chilengedwe sichinamupatse mphalapala. Amphaka amtchire omwe amakhala pachilumbachi amawononga kwambiri anthu amtunduwu. Kuphatikiza apo, hamster ya gwape, yomwe imawonedwa ngati gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha njoka izi, yasowa kwambiri. Pofuna kuteteza zokwawa zapaderazi, pulogalamu yochepetsa nyani wamtchire ikuchitika pachilumbachi.

Nyama yotchedwa Steinger Rattlesnake, yotchedwa Leonard Steinger, yemwe amadziwika kuti herpetologist, amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Amakhala m'mapiri kumadzulo kwa dziko la Mexico. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imaphatikizanso njoka yaying'ono yamizeremizere yomwe imakhala pakati pa Mexico. Zatsalira kokha kuti zisawonongeke kuwonongeka kwina kwa ntchito yofunikira ya njoka zamtunduwu, ndikuyembekeza kuti njira zodzitetezera zibala zipatso. Ngati sizingatheke kukwaniritsa ziweto zawo, ndiye kuti zidzakhazikika.

Mwachidule, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti njoka zam'madzi mosiyanasiyana sizowopsa, zowopsa komanso zankhanza, monga ambiri amakangana za izo. Zimapezeka kuti malingaliro awo ndi ofatsa, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi odekha. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti mukhale ngati wankhanza mukakumana ndi munthu wodabwitsayo, kuti musamukakamize kuti ayambe kudzitchinjiriza. Njoka yamphongo popanda chifukwa, woyamba sangaukire, mwamunayo adzachenjeza woipayo ndi nkhonya zake zapadera.

Tsiku lofalitsa: Meyi 31, 2019

Idasinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 13:38

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Onerani kanemayo: snake with two heads, double-headed snake found. (November 2024).