Chizindikiro cha Daurian Ndi nyamakazi ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mwa onse oimira banja la hedgehog, mtundu uwu ndiomwe sunaphunzire kwambiri, chifukwa umakhala wachinsinsi, moyo wobisalira. Mwa ma hedgehogs onse omwe alipo ndi nyama zazing'ono kwambiri zaminga zaminga. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitsempha ya nyama siyitsogoleredwa mmwamba, monga ma hedgehogs ena onse, koma kumbuyo.
Ma hedgehogs a Daurian adatchulidwa chifukwa chokhala m'dera - Western Amur ndi Transbaikalia. Kale, malowa anali kutchedwa Daurian. Tsoka ilo, lero atsala pang'ono kutha. Izi ndi mitundu yocheperako ya ma hedgehogs kuyambira onse omwe alipo lero.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: hedgehog ya Daursky
Daurian hedgehog ndi nthumwi ya zoletsa zolemetsa, za gulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, banja la ma hedgehog, ma steppe hedgehogs, gulu la Daurian hedgehogs, amapatsidwa mtunduwo. Zoologists kudziwa zaka pafupifupi nyama - zaka 15 miliyoni. Daurian hedgehog idadzutsa chidwi chachikulu pakati pa asayansi ndi ofufuza m'ma 60ties, pomwe m'modzi mwa omwe akuyimira mtundu uwu mwangozi adatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa pakufalitsa tizilombo toononga makoswe.
Kanema: Daurian hedgehog
M'nthawi zakale, mwa zinyama zonse, ma hedgehogs amakhala achiwiri kwa armadillos. Zoologist amatcha makolo akale a Daurian hedgehog paleorictids. Zinali zofala ku America komanso ku Europe kwamakono. Iwo amawerengedwa kuti akukumba komanso oyimira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nthawi imeneyo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi nsonga zazitali komanso zowongoka za mano. Pambuyo pake, anali ma paleorictids omwe angakhale makolo a banja la hedgehog. Izi zichitika mu Middle and Late Paleocene.
Mitengo yoyamba inali yopanda ntchito, koma mkati mwa Middle Eocene anali atatsogolera kale njira yamoyo yama hedgehogs amakono ndi ma moles ndipo pafupifupi amawoneka ngati nyama zamakono. Mitengo anathamangitsidwa ndi zolengedwa otukuka kwambiri ndi anzeru - anyani. Ma Hedgehogs adakwanitsa kusunga zinthu zambiri zakale, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, pakusintha, adapeza zinthu zambiri zofananira ndi mitundu ingapo ya nyama.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Hedgehog ya Dauri m'chilengedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi kwa ma hedgehog a Daurian ndi pafupifupi masentimita 19-25. Makamaka anthu akuluakulu nthawi zina amatha kufika masentimita 30. Kulemera kwa munthu m'modzi wamkulu ndi magalamu 500 - 1100. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi kumawonedwa munthawi yozizira chisanachitike, pomwe nyama zimayesa kudya momwe zingathere nyengo yanjala isanakwane. Chifukwa chosowa zakudya m'nyengo yozizira, amataya mpaka 30-40% ya kulemera kwa thupi. Nyama zili ndi mchira wawung'ono, kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita 2-3.
Thupi lonse la hedgehog la Daurian limakutidwa ndi singano zokulirapo komanso zolimba, zomwe, mosiyana ndi ena oimira banja la hedgehog, samangoyendetsedwa molunjika, koma kumbuyo. Masingano pathupi pa nyama amakonzedwa m'mizere yayitali. Dera lamutu lilinso ndi carapace yoteteza mosalekeza ya singano. Kutalika kwa singano ndi pafupifupi masentimita 2-2.5.
Kuphatikiza pa singano, thupi lanyama yaying'ono limakutidwa ndi ubweya wandiweyani, wolimba. Mtundu wa malayawo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana. Pamutu pake, nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka, yachikasu-chikasu, kapena yofiirira pang'ono. Thupi limakutidwa ndi ubweya wofiirira kapena imvi. Mimba imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba, lolimba lomwe lakuda kuposa kumbuyo. Singano nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera, zamchenga kapena zotuwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, utoto wonse umakhala wonyezimira.
Mutu wa Daurian hedgehog uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mphuno yayitali. Pamwamba pake pamutu, mbali zake, pali makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira, komanso owonekera kutsogolo. Maso a Hedgehogs amafanana ndi mikanda iwiri. Ndi ang'ono, akuda, ozungulira. Miyendo ya nyama ndi yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo ikukula bwino. Mapazi ndi aafupi koma akuda. Zala zili ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zakuda.
Kodi hedgehog ya Dauri imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Daursky hedgehog ku Russia
Madera a hedgehog:
- Mongolia;
- South-Eastern Transbaikalia m'dera la Russian Federation;
- China;
- Selenginskaya Duaria;
- Gawo la magawo a Borshchevochny ndi Nerchinsky;
- dera pafupi ndi mitsinje Ingoda, Chita ndi Shilka;
- Chita dera la Chitaganya cha Russia;
- Dera la Amur la Russian Federation;
- Manchuria.
Nyamayo imakhala m'dera la Daursky reserve, kuchuluka kwawo kulinso m'nkhalango ya Chasucheysky pine. Nyama imakonda madambo, madera omwe ndi chipululu, mapiri kapena miyala ngati malo okhala. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza nyama zazing'onozi m'mitsinje yokhala ndi nkhalango zowirira zambiri za ma cotoneaster ndi ma almond, komanso m'mapiri otsetsereka. Amayesetsa kupewa madera okhala ndiudzu wandiweyani komanso wamtali.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Hedgehogs samawopa anthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, kapena malo olimapo.
Malo ambiri ouma amasankhidwa ngati malo okhala. M'madera okhala kumpoto, mumakonda mchenga. Amakhalanso omasuka kudera lamapiri osakanikirana komanso osakanikirana. M'masitepewa, amapezeka m'malo omwe zomera ndi udzu sizitali kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amabisala pansi pamiyala kapena m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yamvula, amakonda kusaka pobisalira ndipo nthawi zambiri amabisalamo.
Kodi hedgehog ya Dauri imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Daursky hedgehog kuchokera ku Red Book
Ma hedgehogs a Daurian ndi nyama zosautsa. Gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, pomwe nyama imatha kukumba pansi mothandizidwa ndi zikhwangwa zamphamvu ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Komabe, ndibwino kunena kuti chakudya cha nyama ndichosiyanasiyana komanso cholemera.
Chakudya cha Daurian hedgehog:
- kafadala;
- nyerere;
- kachilomboka;
- mazira zinziri;
- njoka.
Kuphatikiza pa tizilombo, nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo olimapo komanso malo okhala anthu zimadya zinyalala ndi tirigu, chimanga. M'malo awo achilengedwe, amatha kugwira ndi kudya hamster, chule, mbewa, njoka, anapiye oswedwa dzira, ngati zisa za mbalamezo zili pamalo omwe zimatha kufikako.
Akhozanso kudya zomera. Mu mtundu uwu wa chakudya, amakonda amondi, ananyamuka m'chiuno, cotoneaster. Komabe, imatha kudya pafupifupi zipatso zilizonse, ndi mitundu ina yowutsa mudyo yamasamba. Nthawi yomwe chakudya chimasowa kwambiri, amatha kudya nyama yakufa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: hedgehog ya Daursky
Nyama zimakhala moyo wobisika, wokhazikika. Amagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku. Pakadali pano, amapita kokayenda ndikudzipezera chakudya. Amakonda kukhala kudera linalake. Akuluakulu, amuna olimba amatha kukhala mpaka mahekitala 400. Akazi amakhala ndi gawo locheperako - mahekitala 30-130.
Malo obisika, osafikika amasankhidwa ngati pogona - mabowo oikidwiratu a matumbwe, malo pansi, malo pansi pamiyala, mitengo yaziphuphu. Ma burrows amathanso kukhazikika pansi. M'dera la Mongolia, amakhala m'mabowo a tarbagan. Kukhala m'misasa kumakhala kwa akazi, amuna amakonda kugona pansi basi.
Nyamazi sizigwira ntchito mvula, nyengo yamvula. Pofika nyengo yamvula, amayesa kudikirira nthawi ino m'mabowo. Komabe, nyengo yamvula, pomwe kulibe mvula ndi chinyezi, amamva bwino, ndipo amatha kukhala achangu ngakhale masana. Nyama yaminga ikaona zoopsa, nthawi yomweyo imadzipota kukhala mpira, ndipo imakhala ngati mpira waminga.
Kuti tithe kupirira nyengo yozizira nyengo zina kumadera ena, komanso kusowa kwa chakudya, nyamazi zimabisala. Amakhala kumapeto kwa Okutobala, koyambirira kwa Novembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Marichi, koyambirira kwa Epulo. Ma hedgehogs a Daurian amadziwika ndi kusungulumwa kwawo kwachinsinsi.
Zosangalatsa: Kutengera dera ndi nyengo, ma hedgehogs ena amatha kugona masiku pafupifupi 240-250 pachaka!
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Daursky hedgehog
Nyama zimakonda kukhala moyo wawokha. Amapanga awiriawiri pokhapokha nyengo yakumasirana. Imayamba patatha masiku ochepa kutsekemera. Kubadwa kwa ana kumachitika kamodzi pachaka ndikugwa mwezi wa Meyi-Juni. Asanabadwe, mayi woyembekezera akuyang'ana ndikukonzekera malo obadwira ana amtsogolo. Kuti achite izi, atha kupeza bowo lotayikiratu, kapena kukumba latsopano. Kutalika kwa malo oterewa kumatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka. Chipinda chodyera nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakuya masentimita 30-50 kuchokera potuluka.
Mimba imakhala pafupifupi masiku 35-40. Mkazi wamkazi wa Daurian hedgehog amatha kubala kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 sikisi zazing'ono zazing'ono nthawi imodzi. Ma Hedgehogs amabadwa pafupifupi amaliseche komanso akhungu.
Chosangalatsa: Maso a ma hedgehogs a Daurian amatseguka masiku 15-16 atabadwa, ndipo singano zimayamba kukula patangopita maola ochepa atabadwa!
Komabe, amakula msanga ndikulimba, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi amakhala okonzeka kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Amadyetsa mkaka wa amayi pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, amasiyana ndi amayi awo ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha, wokhala patokha. Akazi ndi amayi osamalitsa komanso osamala. Samasiya ana awo pafupifupi mphindi, pomwe alibe chochita. Ngati hedgehog itazindikira kuti ngozi ili pafupi, nthawi yomweyo amatengera anawo kumalo otetezeka.
Amatha msinkhu miyezi 10 mpaka 12. Zaka zapakati pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe zimakhala zaka 4-5, mu ukapolo, nazale ndi malo osungira akhoza kuwonjezeka mpaka 8.
Adani achilengedwe a ma hedgehogs a Daurian
Chithunzi: Animal Daurian hedgehog
Ngakhale masingano ndikumverera kwakunja kosafikirika komanso chitetezo, munthawi zachilengedwe ma hedgehogs ali ndi adani okwanira. Zolusa zambiri zomwe zimadya ma hedgehogs zimazolowera kuzikankhira m'madzi. Zikafika m'madzi, nyama zimatembenuka ndipo zilombo zimawagwira.
Adani achilengedwe a Daurian hedgehogs:
- nkhandwe;
- mimbulu;
- chiwombankhanga;
- Buzzards aku Mongolia;
- mbira;
- ziphuphu;
- oimira chilombo mbalame - kadzidzi, akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga.
Mbalame zodya nyama sizichititsidwa manyazi ndi kupezeka kwa minga, zikhomo zawo zamphamvu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zimasinthidwa kuti zigwire ndikugwira ngakhale ma hedgehogs aminga. Ma Hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Zikatere, agalu ndiwowopsa kwa iwo, makamaka mitundu yayikulu yomenyera nkhondo - ng'ombe, olimba, abusa, ndi zina zambiri. Komanso, mapaketi agalu osochera nthawi zambiri amaukira ma hedgehogs.
Mdani wamkulu wa nyama yaminga m'malo achilengedwe ndi mbira. Amatha kupeza ndikuwononga ma hedgehogs ngakhale m'mayenje. Zikatero, zimabweretsa chiopsezo osati kwa akulu okha, komanso kwa ana ang'onoting'ono ang'onoang'ono obadwa kumene. Amakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka chifukwa alibe minga yoteteza.
Munthu amathanso kutchedwa mdani wa Daurian hedgehog. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake ndikukula kwa madera okulirapo, malo achilengedwe a oimira banja la hedgehog awonongedwa ndikuwonongedwa. Mokhudzana ndi izi, kuchuluka kwa nyama kwachepa kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Daursky hedgehog Russia
Pakadali pano, hedgehog ya Dauri idalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, popeza kuchuluka kwa anthu mdzikolo kukucheperachepera. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, m'dera lalikulu lomwe amagawa ku Russia - kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Transbaikalia, kuchuluka kwa oimira banja la hedgehog ndi anthu 550,000 - 600,000.
Bungwe la International Union for the Conservation of Wildlife latsimikiza kuti ziweto zonse sizikuwopsezedwa pakadali pano. Komabe, akugogomezera kuti ngati mtsogolo malo achilengedwe a nyama adzapitilirabe kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, kuchuluka kwa ma hedgehogs a Daurian kumatha kuchepa kwambiri. Zitha kuchititsanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa malo okhala awa oimira banja la hedgehog.
Kutsika kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha ma hedgehog a Daurian kunadziwika m'ma 1960. Munthawi imeneyi, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa makoswe ndi ma tarbagans aku Mongolia, omwe anali onyamula matenda owopsa - mliri, adayamba. Pambuyo pake, m'madera ena, ziweto sizinapitirire 1-1.5 pa anthu mahekitala 80 amderalo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa malo okhala pafupi ndi malo olimapo komanso malo okhala anthu sanasinthe.
Chosangalatsa: M'zaka za 70-80s, ziweto zolusa kumadera ena omwe Daurian hedgehog amakhala zimatsika kwambiri. Izi zidabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa oimira banja la hedgehog.
Kuteteza ma hedgehogs a Daurian
Chithunzi: Daursky hedgehog kuchokera ku Red Book
Masiku ano, malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, Daurian hedgehog safunika kupanga ndikukhazikitsa njira zapadera zotetezera ndikuwonjezera chiwerengerocho. Nyama ili pansi pa chitetezo ndi chitetezo mkati mwa nkhalango yosungira zachilengedwe ya Daursky. Kusunga nyama zamtunduwu kudzathandizidwa ndi njira zochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe. Izi zikuphatikiza kuchepetsedwa kwa zinyalala zachilengedwe kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana za anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofatsa zokulitsira ndikukolola mbewu m'gawo laulimi, ndikukhazikitsa njira zothanirana ndi kuchuluka kwa moto m'nkhalango ndi m'malo opserera.
Ndiyeneranso kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena mitundu ina ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'zigawo zomwe nyama yaminga imakhala. M'madera omwe ma hedgehogs a Daurian amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, ndikuyenera kusamala kuti agalu oweta, makamaka oimira mitundu yayikulu, samasulidwa. Muyeneranso kulabadira kuchuluka kwa maphukusi agalu osochera. Zochita izi zithandizira mokwanira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma hedgehog amfupi.
Chizindikiro cha Daurian ndi imodzi mwa zinyama zakale kwambiri zomwe zilipo masiku ano. Amakhala achiwiri kumbuyo kwa zombo zankhondo. Nthawi yomweyo, sizikhala mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri komanso yophunzitsidwa bwino ya anthu. Zambiri ndi mawonekedwe amomwe amakhalira amakhalabe chinsinsi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 24.05.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 20:52
