Imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, yolimba mtima ingatchedwe kuti siskin. Ma Chizhiks apambana mwamphamvu chifundo cha anthu chifukwa cha mtundu wawo, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, zoweta mwachangu komanso zopanda mavuto. Chizh - mbalame yanyimbo. Nyimbo za siskins ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, zofatsa, zimadzutsa malingaliro ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyo imatha kuphunzira modabwitsa komanso imachita zinthu zosangalatsa. M'buku lino, mutha kuphunzira zambiri za moyo wa siskins.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Chizh
Siskins ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kuyimba m'nkhalango za ku Eurasia. Iwo ndi gawo la banja lalikulu la mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe zili m'gulu la odutsa ochepa. Banja la finch limaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mbalame zanyimbo. Kukula kwapakati pa siskin ndimasentimita khumi ndi awiri okha, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira magalamu khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
Kanema: Chizh
Siskin ndichinsinsi chabwino kwambiri. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe angamuzindikire pakati pa chipwirikiti cha mitengo yobiriwira. Komabe, mutayang'ana mbalame yaying'ono panthambi, ndizovuta kuti muzindikire ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira. Chodziwika kwambiri cha ma siskins ndi nyimbo zawo. Nyama izi zimakonda kuyenderana pakati pawo ndi ma trill. Mu ma trill, mutha kumva bwino kulira kwamitundu ingapo, maphokoso, kulira kwa phokoso, kulira.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Chizhiks nthawi zambiri amaba mawu a anthu ena. Mu repertoire yawo, mutha kumva nyimbo za mbalame zina. Nthawi zambiri amapangira mawere ang'ono ndi akulu. Komabe, nyimboyi ili ndi mawu ake.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya siskins.
Mwa iwo, pali zitatu mwazosazolowereka komanso zachilendo:
- yamoto. Amatchedwanso ofiira. Anagonjetsa anthu ndi nthenga zake zamoto. Nyama yotere imakhala ku South America. Komabe, mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi oterewa achepetsa kwambiri anthu. Mbalame zoterezi zimagwidwa ochuluka ndi akatswiri azachilendo;
- Wachimereka. Izi ndi mbalame zosamuka. Amakhala ku America, koma amakhala nthawi yonse yozizira ku Mexico. Mtundu wa ma siskins aku America umadalira kwathunthu nyengo. Ndi achikasu owala nthawi yotentha komanso azitona m'nyengo yozizira. Mbalamezi zimakhala limodzi mwangwiro ndi anthu, kudya malo olima;
- Magellanic siskin. Ali ndi mtundu wosazolowereka kwambiri. Dera la mutu ndi mmero ndi lakuda mwa amuna, ndipo azitona mwa akazi. Mapikowa adapangidwa utoto kuphatikiza mitundu yobiriwira komanso yachikaso. Mtundu uwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi nyimbo zovuta kwambiri. Ili ndi nyimbo yagolide ndi nyimbo ya canary. Siskin wa Magellan sazolowera kumangidwa bwino.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame siskin
Chizhi amafanana kwambiri ndi omwe amaimira omwe akudutsa. Iwo ndi ochepa kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira masentimita khumi ndi awiri, ndipo misa siyopitilira magalamu khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Kukula kotereku ndi kofanana ndi mpheta wamba. Komabe, chiskin sichingafanane ndi mpheta. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a mbalamezi ndi zopangira zagolide, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaba ndikuimba nyimbo.
Masiku ano, akatswiri amtundu amasiyanitsa mitundu khumi ndi isanu ndi inayi ya siskins. Onsewa amasiyana malo okhala, machitidwe, utoto. Mtunduwo ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira wachikaso, azitona, wofiira, wotuwa. Mitundu yambiri imakhala pafupi ndi anthu, ikudutsa m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, ndi minda. Mitundu yambiri imakonda kukhala kutali ndi anthu.
Ngakhale pali kusiyana, mitundu yonse ya siskins imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe akunja:
- mapiko ang'onoang'ono koma olimba. Kutalika kwawo ndi masentimita makumi awiri;
- mchira wautali. Amakhala ndi nthenga zachizolowezi ndi mchira. Nthawi zambiri, mchira umakhala wachikasu mandimu, ndipo nthenga za mchira zimakhala ndi malire oyera;
- miyendo yopyapyala koma yolimba. Zala zakuphazi zili ndi misomali yayifupi. Miyendo yoteroyo imalola nyama kugwiritsitsa mwamphamvu ku nthambi za mitengo;
- yaing'ono, mlomo woonda. Ili ndi mawonekedwe otsekemera pang'ono ndipo imaloza kumapeto. Maonekedwe awa, kapangidwe ka mulomo ndiwachilendo kwambiri kwa oimira dongosolo la odutsa;
- mutu wawung'ono, thupi lozungulira. M'mitundu yambiri, mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi chipewa chapadera chopangidwa ndi nthenga zakuda. Maso a mbalamezi nawonso ndi akuda-malasha, ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso yowonekera pamwamba pake. Kunja, mikwingwirima imafanana ndi nsidze.
Kodi siskin amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Siskin m'nkhalango
Malo achilengedwe a siskins ndi akulu kwambiri. Mulinso pafupifupi Europe ndi Asia. Mitundu yambiri yamasamba imapezeka ku Crimea, Siberia, Transbaikalia. Muthanso kupeza mbalame zotere ku China, Ukraine, Africa, Iraq. Mitundu ina imapezeka ku South ndi North America. Monga mukuwonera, nyama zotere zimapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Chokhacho ndi Antarctica.
Siskins ndi mbalame zoyenda kwambiri, zogwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amasintha malo, kutanthauza mbalame zosamuka. Ukayamba kuzizira, ma siskins amapita kumayiko otentha komanso kumizinda. Nyama izi ndizolimba, ngakhale ndizochepa kukula. Amagonjetsa mosavuta maulendo ataliatali, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amadzipangira okha panjira.
Chosangalatsa: M'nyengo yozizira, yachisanu, nyimbo zamasamba sizisintha kokha malo awo. Ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, maulendo apandege, mitundu ina imasintha mtundu wa nthenga zawo. M'malo mwa nthenga zachikasu zamandimu, zimaoneka zobiriwira pang'ono.
Siskins amafunafuna malo awo okhala. Amakonda nkhalango za coniferous. Nthawi zina amangokhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Mitengo m'nkhalango iyenera kukhala yayitali, birches ndi alders ndizokonda. Kumalo oterewa, mbalame zazing'ono zimamva kukhala zotetezeka kotheratu. Mitundu ina ya chiskins imakhala kumapiri ataliatali.
Chosangalatsa: Lero, ma siskins ambiri amakhala mu ukapolo. Mbalame za nyimbozi zimakhala zoweta mosavuta ndipo zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto padziko lonse lapansi. Amazolowera munthu mwachangu, pakapita nthawi amadziphatika kwa eni ake, monga amphaka kapena agalu wamba.
Kodi siskin amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Siskin pamtengo
Maziko azakudya zamasamba ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana za mitengo ndi udzu. Mbalamezi zimapeza chakudya chawo mosangalatsa kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana, nthawi zina amakhala atazunguliridwa ndi nthambi zowonda. Masana, nyamazi zimayang'ana mitengo ndi zomera zambiri kuti zizipezere mbewu. Chakudya chokoma cha Siskins ndi mbewu za ma conifers. Amadya kwambiri, makamaka nthawi yachaka, masamba akamatseguka. Ndiye mbalame sayenera kuchita khama kwambiri kuti mbewu.
Chizhi sadzasiya mbewu za dandelion. Ichi ndi chomera chomwe amakonda. M'minda yokhala ndi dandelion, mutha kuwona gulu lonse la mbalame. Komabe, mbewu za dandelion sizidyedwa pafupipafupi. Nyama izi zimakonda kukhala pamwamba pamitengo yachitetezo chawo. Nthawi zina amangogwera pansi. Atatsika, siskin imatha kugwira tizilombo tambiri. Tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timakonda. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zawo sizigwidwa ngakhale iwowo, koma nkhuku zawo.
Chosangalatsa: M'nyengo yozizira, ma siskins amachoka kumayiko ozizira osati kwambiri chifukwa cha kuzizira, koma chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, pali zosiyana - ma siskins ena amangokhala. Izi ndizotheka ngati pali madera apafupi okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka choyenera komanso matupi amadzi osazizira.
Chakudya cha siskins chomwe chimasungidwa kunyumba chiyenera kukhala chachitsanzo. Thanzi la nyama, kutalika kwa moyo wake kudzadalira izi.
Zakudya zam'masamba apakhomo ziyenera kukhala ndi izi:
- mbewu: chomera, birch, dandelion, fulakesi, mpendadzuwa, hemp, ndi zina;
- kugwiriridwa, mapira, phala;
- zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba: maapulo, kabichi, kaloti.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chizh m'nyengo yozizira
Moyo wa chiskin umasunthika nthawi zonse. M'nyengo yotentha, zimamanga zisa. Kuti achite izi, mbalame zimasankha mitengo yayitali, nthawi zambiri zimapeza zisa pamwamba pamitengo ya coniferous. Kuti apange chisa, ma siskins amaphatikizidwa awiriawiri. Mkazi ndi wamwamuna pamodzi amamanga chisa. Nthawi zambiri chachimuna chimapeza ndikubweretsa zinthu zoyenera, ndipo chachikazi chimamanga "nyumba" mosamala kaamba ka ana amtsogolo.
Chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosaoneka bwino. Ziphuphu ndi moss nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Zomangira zoterezi zimaphatikizana ndi nthambi za mtengo wa coniferous, chifukwa chake kuli kovuta kupeza chisa cha siskins nthawi yomweyo. Mbalame zimayika udzu mkati mwa chisa. Nthawi zonse imakhala yotentha komanso yotentha mkati mwa chisa. Kuphatikiza apo, udzu wobiriwira umakhalanso ngati mtundu wobisala.
Kupereka ndiye mtundu waukulu wa siskins. Mbalame zing'onozing'ono zimapangitsa "nyumba" zawo kukhala zosaonekera pazifukwa. Pobisala, amateteza mazira, aswa anapiye ku ngozi. Zisa zimapezeka movutikira. Kuphatikiza pa kumanga chisa, mbalame zimasaka chakudya masana. Amayenda mwachangu kuchokera pamtengo umodzi kupita pamtengo wina, pomwe amapeza mbewu. Mbalame pafupifupi sizimayenda pansi. Nthawi zina amatsikira panthaka kukatenga udzu, kupeza mbewu zambewu kapena kugwira tizilombo ta ana awo.
Khalidwe la siskin ndilabwino. Ndiwo nyama zabwino, odekha, oseketsa, nyama zoseketsa. Amakhala tsiku lonse akuuluka, akuimba bwino. Ma skisk amaweta mosavuta ndikukhala ziweto zomvera. Mbalame zoterezi zimakonda mbuye wawo msanga, amasangalala tsiku lililonse ndi nyimbo zosangalatsa komanso zotonthoza.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame siskin
Nyengo yakukhwimirana kwa ma siskins imagwera nthawi yokhotakhota. Masika, mbalame zazing'onozi zimasakira mabanja abwino. Pakadali pano, ma siskins amakhala achisangalalo kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amaimba. Amuna amayamba kukopa kuti akope akazi. Akazi amawayankha, koma mwakachetechete pang'ono. Ndiye, pokhala zidagawikana pawiri, mbalamezo zimapanga maulendo akulumikiza, zimakwerana. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona ndege za siskins. Mkazi amavina mokongola mlengalenga, ndipo yamphongo imamuzungulira.
Mkazi amaikira mazira pachisa chawo chofanana, chomwe amamanga pamodzi pasadakhale. Nkhuku yachikazi imatha kuikira pafupifupi mazira sikisi nthawi imodzi. Mazira a nyamazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, mitundu yowala. Mawonekedwe a mazira amawoneka ngati peyala, ndipo mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira wabuluu. Komanso pamazira pali timizere tosiyanasiyana, timadontho ta mthunzi wakuda. Siskins nthawi zambiri amabereka kamodzi pachaka, koma pali zosiyana. Akazi a mitundu ina amaikira mazira kawiri pachaka.
Kwa milungu iwiri yotsatira, yaikaziyo ikuthira mazira. Pakadali pano, champhongo chimapatsidwa udindo wopeza chakudya. Amadyetsa chachikazi, ndipo nthawi zina amalowa m'malo mwake. Pamene anapiye akutuluka m'mazira, yaimuna ndi yaikazi pamodzi amachita kupanga chakudya. Nyama zimadyetsa ana awo ndi mbozi za agulugufe, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zakudya zoterezi zimathandiza zinyenyeswazi kuti zikhale zolimba, zonenepa ndikukula munthawi yochepa.
Kukula kwa anapiye kumachitika motsogozedwa ndi makolo awo. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu yopitilira iwiri. Masabata awiri atabadwa, anapiyewo amakhala okonzeka kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Amasiya chisa cha makolo awo, kuyamba kusamalira miyoyo yawo. Nthawi yonse ya moyo wa siskins kuthengo ndi yaifupi kwambiri. Pafupifupi, mbalame zazing'onozi zimakhala zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Ali mu ukapolo, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali - pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Adani achilengedwe a siskins
Chithunzi: Siskin mumzinda
Siskins ndi mbalame zoseketsa, zachangu, zokongola. Nyama izi zimakhala pafupifupi tsiku lonse zili mlengalenga, zikuuluka pamwamba pamitengo. Siskin ndi mbalame yochenjera, yanzeru. Sitsikira pansi mopanda pake, chifukwa chake sichimagwidwa ndi nyama zolusa. Nthaŵi zina ndi nthawi yomwe siskin imatha kukhala chakudya cha marten, ferret kapena weasel. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimatha kugwira siskin panthawi yomwe amatolera ana ake tizilombo kapena udzu kuti amange chisa.
Adani achilengedwe owopsa a siskins ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu komanso zazikulu. Amasaka mwaluso mbalame zazing'ono, nthawi zina zimawononga zisa zawo. Siskins samadandaula kudya ziwombankhanga za golidi, kadzidzi, ma kite, akadzidzi, ziwombankhanga ndi ena ambiri odyetsa. Agologolo amathandizanso kuwononga zisa zawo. Komabe, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Ma Siskins amabisa mwanzeru zisa zawo ndikuziika pafupifupi pamwamba pamitengo.
Nthata zimatha kuvulaza mbalamezi. Utitiri ukayamba mchisa, zitha kubweretsa kufa kwa mapiko ndi ana awo. Kwa mitundu ina ya ma siskins, anthu eni ake amabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya mbalame zanyimbo imakonda kwambiri pakati pa okonda zosowa. Anthu amawasaka kuti awasunge mu ukapolo. Kutchera kosalamulirika kumeneku kwadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mitundu ina ya zamoyo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Siskin pamtengo
Masiku ano, siskins sali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe ili ndi subspecies khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Mitundu yaying'ono ya mbalame zanyimbo imasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana: malo okhala, machitidwe, mtundu wa nthenga, zizolowezi. Pafupifupi ma subspecies ali ndi anthu ambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kupulumuka kwa nyama ndikuwachenjeza. Ma subspecies odziwika kwambiri ndi monga: siskin wagolide, wamba, Mexico, paini.
Mitundu ya Siskin yapatsidwa mwayi wosamala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbalame za nyimbozi sizifunikira kukhazikitsa njira zina zowatetezera. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya siskin kumayambanso chifukwa chakuti nyama izi zidayamba kuweta zochuluka kuti zizisunga kunyumba. Mutha kupeza ndi kugula mbalameyi pafupifupi pafupifupi sitolo iliyonse yayikulu. Siskins safuna zofunikira zapadera kuti zisungidwe, amafulumira kusangalatsa ndikukondweretsa eni ake ndi nyimbo zabwino.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya siskin, sizinthu zonse ndizabwino. Mitundu ina ya mbalamezi ikuchepa mofulumira. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo odabwitsa. Anthu owala kwambiri, osazolowereka amagwidwa ndi anthu omwe amasonkhanitsa nyama zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, amachita izi ndi zilombo zamoto.
Chizh - mbalame yachilendo, osati kokha chifukwa cha utoto wake, komanso kuyimba kosayiwalika. Zimauluka pamwamba pamitengo, ndikusinthana zanyimbo pakati pawo. Mbalamezi zakopa mitima ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chake ma siskin nthawi zambiri amakhala okhala m'nyumba. Amasinthasintha moyo wawo mu khola, oweta komanso amakondana kwambiri ndi eni ake, amawapatsa kutentha ndi chikondi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05/21/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 20:42
