Manatee Ndi nthumwi ya zinyama ndi nyama. Nthawi zina amatchedwa ng'ombe zam'madzi kapena zam'nyanja, chifukwa zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo amadziwika ndi kukoma mtima komanso bata, kuyeza komanso kucheza. Kufanananso kwina ndi kuphulika kwapadziko lapansi ndikuti manatees ndi odyetsa.
Ofufuzawo akuti nyamazi zimapatsidwa kuthekera kothetsera zovuta zoyesera mofanana ndi ma dolphin. Palinso kufananizira nyama ndi njovu. Izi zimachitika osati chifukwa cha kukula kokha, komanso zina zofananira. Masiku ano, nyama zamtunduwu, zodabwitsa zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Manatee
Nthumwi za zinyama ndi zinyama ndizochokera kuzinthu zolemetsa, ndizoimira kayendedwe ka ma siren, omwe amaperekedwa kwa mtundu wa manatees ndi mitundu ya manatees.
Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti nthawi zakale mtundu uwu udagawika pafupifupi ma subspecies pafupifupi makumi awiri. Komabe, lero atatu okha mwa iwo amakhala m'malo achilengedwe: Amazonia, America ndi Africa. Mitundu yambiri yomwe idalipo idathetsedweratu kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18.
Kanema: Manatee
Wofufuza woyamba kutchula za manatee anali Columbus. Iye, monga gawo la gulu lake, adawona nthumwizi ku New World. Anthu omwe anali m'chombo chake chofufuzira ananena kuti kukula kwakukulu kwa nyamazo kunkawakumbutsa za nthawi yosangalatsa panyanja.
Malinga ndi zolembedwa ndi katswiri wazanyama waku Poland, wofufuza komanso wasayansi, manatees m'mbuyomu, mpaka 1850, amakhala m'dera la Bering Island zokha.
Pali malingaliro angapo okhudzana ndi chiyambi cha nyama zodabwitsa izi. Malinga ndi m'modzi wa iwo, anyaniwa adachokera kuzinyama zamiyendo inayi zomwe zimakhala pamtunda. Iwo ali m'gulu la zamoyo zam'nyanja zakale kwambiri, monga momwe zimaganiziridwira zaka zoposa 60 miliyoni zapitazo.
Chowonadi chakuti makolo awo anali zinyama zakutchire chikuwonetsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa zikhadabo zachilendo pamiyendo. Akatswiri ofufuza zinyama akuti njovu ndi amene amawatsogolera kwambiri ndipo amawakonda kwambiri padziko lapansi pano.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Zinyama zazing'ono
Maonekedwe a manatee ndi osangalatsa. Kutalika kwa thupi lopangidwa ndi spindle la chimphona cha m'nyanja kumafikira pafupifupi mamita atatu, kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kufikira tani imodzi. Zisindikizo za Njovu zimawonetsa mawonekedwe azakugonana - akazi ndi akulu komanso olemera kuposa amuna.
Zili ndi michira yayikulu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri yopindika.
Nyama zimakhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira, ozama kwambiri, omwe amatetezedwa ndi nembanemba yapadera, chifukwa chake manatees alibe maso abwino, koma kumva bwino, ngakhale kuti manatees alibe khutu lakunja. Komanso, nyama zam'madzi zimakhala ndi fungo labwino. Mbali yammphuno ndiyokulira, yokutidwa ndiming'alu yaying'ono, yolimba. Ali ndi milomo yosunthika, yosunthika yomwe imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kumvetsetsa zakudya zazomera.
Mutu umayenda bwino mthupi, pafupifupi kuphatikiza. Chifukwa chakuti m'moyo wonse mano a nyama amapangidwanso, amasinthasintha zakudya. Mano amphamvu, amphamvu amapera mosavuta chakudya chomera chilichonse. Monga njovu, manatees amasintha mano m'moyo wawo wonse. Mano atsopano amapezeka kumbuyo, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa akale.
Mosiyana ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa, ali ndi mafinya asanu amtundu wa chiberekero. Pankhaniyi, alibe kutembenuza mitu yawo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngati ndikofunikira kutembenuza mutu, amatembenukira nthawi yomweyo ndi thupi lonse.
Nthambo yayikuluyo imalola kuti nyamayo ikhale ndi thunthu loyenda ndikuchepetsa kukongola kwake. Miyendo ya nyama imayimiridwa ndi zipsepse, zazing'ono poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi. Amachepetsedwera m'munsi ndikufutukuka kumapeto. Nsonga za zipsepsezo zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zachilendo. Zipsepse ndi mtundu wa manja a nyama, zomwe zimadutsa m'madzi ndi kumtunda, komanso zimathandizira kulanda chakudya ndikuzitumiza mkamwa.
Kodi manatee amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Manatee am'madzi
Malo okhala manatee ndi gombe lakumadzulo kwa Africa, pafupifupi pagombe lonse la United States. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakhala m'madzi ochepa komanso osazama kwambiri. Amakonda kusankha malo osungira omwe ali ndi chakudya chokwanira. Mwakutero, pakhoza kukhala mitsinje, nyanja, maekala ang'onoang'ono, madambo. Nthawi zina, amatha kupezeka m'malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja amadzimadzi okulirapo komanso ozama osaya mamita atatu ndi theka.
Manatee amatha kupezeka momasuka m'madzi amchere komanso am'nyanja. Ng'ombe zonse zam'nyanja, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, zimakonda madzi ofunda, omwe kutentha kwake kuli osachepera madigiri 18. Sizodziwika kuti nyama zimayenda ndikusunthira pafupipafupi komanso mtunda wautali. Kawirikawiri samakwirira makilomita 3-4 patsiku.
Nyama zimakonda kuyenda m'madzi osaya, nthawi zina zimatuluka kuti zitenge mpweya m'mapapu awo.
Nyama zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikachepetsa kutentha kwa madzi. Kutentha kukatsika mpaka madigiri osachepera + 6 - +8, kumatha kupha nyama. Pankhaniyi, nyengo yachisanu ikayamba komanso kuzizira pang'ono, nyama zimachoka pagombe la America kupita ku South Florida. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimasonkhana m'dera lomwe mumapezeka magetsi. Nyengo yotentha ikabweranso, nyama zimabwerera kumalo awo achilengedwe.
Kodi manatee amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Ng'ombe yam'nyanja ya Manatee
Ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu, manatees ndi odyetsa. Kuti abwezeretse mphamvu zamagetsi zathupi, wamkulu m'modzi amafunikira pafupifupi kilogalamu 50-60 ya chakudya chomera. Kuchuluka kwa zomera kumakukuta mano amphamvu komanso olimba. Mano akumaso amakonda kufota. Komabe, mano ochokera kumbuyo amayenda m'malo awo.
Nyama zimathera nthawi yambiri masana zikudya m'malo otchedwa apamadzi. Amadya chakudya makamaka m'madzi osaya, osunthira pansi. Pakudya chakudya, nyama zam'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito zikwapu, kulumikizana nawo ndikuwabweretsa pakamwa. Ng'ombe za m'nyanja zimagwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo. Panthawiyi, amadya chakudya. Akadya chakudya chochuluka, amakonda kupuma mokwanira ndi kugona mokwanira.
Zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimadalira dera lomwe mukukhalamo. Nyama zomwe zimakhala munyanja zimakonda kudya zitsamba zam'nyanja. Manatee, omwe amakhala m'madzi amchere, amadya zomera zam'madzi ndi algae. Nthawi zambiri, kuti nyama zizipeza chakudya chokwanira, zimayenera kusamukira kumadera ena kukasaka masamba. Mitundu iliyonse yazomera zam'madzi ndi zam'madzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zazing'ono ndi mitundu yambiri yam'mimba yam'madzi imachepetsa zakudya zamasamba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Manatee ndi man
Ng'ombe zam'nyanja nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha kapena pawiri. Nyama sizimangirizidwa kudera lina lililonse, chifukwa chake zilibe chifukwa chodana ndi kusankha mtsogoleri, komanso kuteteza gawo lawo. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa manatee kumatha kuwonedwa nthawi yachisangalalo kapena mdera lomwe mumapezeka madzi ofunda, kapena madzi amatenthedwa ndi dzuwa. Mwachilengedwe, gulu la manatee limatchedwa gulu. Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerochi sikupitilira anthu sikisi mpaka asanu ndi awiri.
Maonekedwe a nyama amapangitsa kumverera koopsa, koopsa. Komabe, mawonekedwewo siowona. Nyama ndizodekha, ochezeka, komanso osachita zachiwawa. Manatee amadziwika ngati nyama zokonda kudziwa zomwe zimakhulupirira ngakhale munthu, ndipo saopa kulumikizana naye mwachindunji.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe amasambira nthawi zambiri ndi 7-9 km / h. Komabe, nthawi zina amatha kufikira liwiro la 25 km / h.
Nyama zimatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kupitilira mphindi khumi ndi ziwiri. Komabe, sataya nthawi yochuluka pamtunda. Zinyama zimakhala moyo wawo wonse m'madzi. Kuti akhale mosungira kwa nthawi yayitali, amafunikira mpweya. Komabe, kuti adzaze m'mapapo ndi mpweya, amakwera pamwamba ndikungopumira mpweya wawo. Nyama zimamva bwino kwambiri pakuya kwa theka ndi theka mpaka mita ziwiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby Manatee
Amuna amakula msinkhu zaka 10 zokha atabadwa, pomwe akazi amakula msanga - atakwanitsa zaka zisanu. Nthawi yoswana si nyengo yake. Ngakhale zili choncho, ana ambiri amabadwa nthawi yachilimwe. Nthawi zambiri, amuna angapo amatenga ufulu wokwatirana ndi mkazi. Nthawi ya chibwenzi imapitilira mpaka atakondera wina.
Pambuyo pa kukwatira, mimba imachitika, yomwe imatha miyezi 12 mpaka 14. Chisindikizo chatsopano cha njovu chofikira chimafika makilogalamu 30-35 ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mita 1-1.20. Amabulu amawoneka amodzi nthawi imodzi, osowa kawiri. Njira yoberekera imachitika m'madzi. Mwana akangobadwa, amafunika kupita pamwamba pamadzi ndikukoka mpweya m'mapapu. Amayi ake amamuthandiza pa izi.
Ana obadwa kumene amasinthasintha msanga potengera zachilengedwe, ndipo amatha kudya zakudya zawo zokha, kuyambira mwezi umodzi. Komabe, chachikazi chimadyetsa ana mkaka mpaka miyezi 17-20.
Akatswiri a zinyama amati nyamazi zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, zosasungunuka pakati pa khanda ndi mayi. Amamukonda kwa moyo wawo wonse. Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa nyama mwachilengedwe ndi zaka 50-60. Zoologists amati manatees ali ndi ntchito zochepa zobereka, zomwe zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa nyama.
Adani achilengedwe a manatees
Chithunzi: Zinyama zazing'ono
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu malo achilengedwe oimira zomera ndi zinyama alibe adani. Izi ndichifukwa choti pakatikati pa nyanja mulibe nyama zomwe ndizapamwamba komanso zazikulu kuposa manatees. Mdani wamkulu ndi munthu ndi ntchito zake. Anali anthu omwe adapangitsa kuti ng'ombe zam'nyanja zisowe.
Anthu adapeza oimira zamoyo zam'madzi izi m'zaka za zana la 17 ndikuyamba kuwawononga mopanda chifundo. Kwa anthu, osati nyama yokoma yokha, yomwe nthawi zonse imawonedwa ngati chakudya chokoma, imawoneka yamtengo wapatali, komanso mafuta ofewa komanso ofewa. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu pamankhwala osinthira, pamaziko ake mafuta, ma gel, ma lotion anali okonzeka. Nyama nazonso zinkasakidwa ndi cholinga chopeza zikopa. Pali zifukwa zambiri zakutha kwa nyama, kuwonjezera pa kupha nyama komanso kupha mwadala anthu.
Zifukwa zakutha kwa mitundu iyi:
- Nyama zimafa chifukwa chakuyenda pansi, zimadya masamba omwe muli zida zophera nsomba. Zikawamezetsa pamodzi ndi ndere, nyama zidzafa pang'onopang'ono, zopweteka;
- chifukwa china cha kufa kwa nyama zam'manyazi ndi kuipitsa ndi kuwononga malo awo achilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa chakulowetsa zinyalala zowopsa m'matumba amadzi, kapena kumanga madamu;
- Ma yatchi ndi zombo zina zam'madzi zimawopseza moyo ndi kuchuluka kwa manatee chifukwa choti nyama sizimva nthawi zonse zikubwera. nyama zambiri zimafera m'mbali mwa zombo;
- Ma manatee ang'onoang'ono, osakhwima amatha kukhala nyama ya anyani akambuku kapena ma caimans m'mitsinje yotentha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Manatees
Mpaka pano, mitundu yonse yamanatee yalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse lapansi ngati mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Akatswiri a zinyama akuganiza kuti m'zaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, ziweto zidzatsika ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Zambiri za zisindikizo zambiri za njovu ndizovuta kuzipeza, makamaka zamoyo zomwe zimakhala m'malo ovuta kufikako, osadutsika a gombe la Amazon. Ngakhale kuti masiku ano kulibe kuchuluka kwa ziweto, akatswiri a nyama akuwonetsa kuti manatees a Amazonia ndi ochepera 10,000.
Nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Florida, kapena oimira Antilles, adalembedwa mu Red Book kumbuyo ku 1970.
Asayansi apanga kuwerengera pafupifupi ndipo apeza kuti mwa anthu onse omwe alipo mwachilengedwe, pafupifupi 2500 ndi okhwima pogonana. Izi zimapereka chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti zaka makumi awiri zilizonse anthu azichepera ndi pafupifupi 25-30%.
Pazaka 15 zapitazi, ntchito yayikulu yachitika kuti ziwonjezeke komanso kuti zisungidwe, zomwe zatulutsa zipatso. Kuyambira pa Marichi 31, 2017, manatee asintha mawonekedwe awo kuchokera pachiwopsezo chomaliza kutha mpaka pangozi. Asodzi, opha nyama mopanda nyama, komanso kuwononga malo okhala akuchititsa kuti ziwetozi zichepe.
Manatee alonda
Chithunzi: Manatee ochokera ku Red Book
Pofuna kuteteza zamoyozi, nyamazo zinalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse. Adapatsidwa udindo wamtundu womwe uli pachiwopsezo chotheratu. Akuluakulu aku US achita zambiri. Iwo apanga pulogalamu yapadera yosungira malo achilengedwe a nyama. Kusaka iwo kunali koletsedwa pamilandu yamalamulo ndipo kuphwanya lamuloli kumakhala mlandu.
Komanso akuluakulu aku America aletsa kusodza ndi kufalitsa maukonde m'malo a manatee. Malinga ndi malamulo aku US, aliyense amene aphwanya malamulowa ndipo mwadala kapena mwadala amapha munthu, akuyenera kulipidwa chindapusa cha $ 3,000 kapena miyezi 24 yakukaphedwa. Mu 1976, pulogalamu yothandizira kukonzanso nyama idakhazikitsidwa ku United States.
Pulogalamuyo idalimbikitsa kuwongolera kutaya zinyalala kuchokera kumakampani oyeretsera mafuta m'madzi otseguka, komanso kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabwato oyendetsa magalimoto ndi zombo m'madzi osaya komanso komwe zisindikizo za njovu zikukhala, komanso kuletsa kosaka kusaka pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde.
Manatee - oimira ochititsa chidwi a zomera ndi zinyama zam'madzi. Ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe owopsa, awa ndi nyama zokoma mtima komanso zaubwenzi, chifukwa chomwe munthu ndi mphamvu yake yoipa ikusowa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08.05.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 17:37
